JPS63155706A - Magnetic levitation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize a magnetic levitation without contact without using an external control circuit by providing a ferromagnetic unit and a diamagnetic unit to either of a levitation unit and a means for levitating the levitation unit, and providing a magnet having a pole capable of magnetically saturating the ferromagnetic unit in a saturation range to the other. CONSTITUTION:Since a ferromagnetic unit 3 provided at a levitation unit by the magnetic field of a magnet 1 is attracted to an opposite pole, a levitating force is generated at the levitation unit 4. However, when the unit 3 approaches the pole 2 in some degree, it is magnetically saturated, and even if it approaches nearer, the attracting force is not increased. Then, when a diamagnetic unit 5 is disposed around the unit 3, a repelling force is generated even if the unit 5 is weakened by the magnet 1, it increases as the unit 5 approaches the opposite pole 2, and it cancels the increase of the attracting force of the unit 3 at a predetermined approaching point. Then, when the repelling force of the unit 5 and the attracting force of the unit 3 of magnetically saturated state are balanced, the levitation unit is stably levitated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a magnetic levitation device, and more particularly to a self-controlled magnetic levitation device that can support an object in a levitating state without contact using a magnetic field. .

[Conventional technology]

When using a magnetic field to levitate an object without contact, if you try to attract it using the magnet alone, the shorter the distance between the magnetic poles and the levitating object, the stronger the attraction force will be, and eventually the magnetic poles and the object will be attracted to each other. Or come into contact. Therefore, to prevent this,
Conventionally, a distance sensor measures the gap between an object and a magnetic pole, and a control circuit is used to adjust the current of the electromagnet to determine if the object is
It levitates while maintaining a certain distance from the magnetic pole. (
Gakukensha r base tifi Magnetic Engineering J (Yamada et al.) P 1
53) Also known is a method of magnetic levitation without external control, using the perfect diamagnetic effect of a superconductor and the repulsive force of a magnetic field. (University of Tokyo Press r Low Temperature Technology J (Shun Kobayashi)
(Refer to page 78) [Problems to be solved by invention] However, the conventional controlled magnetism as described above? "l
The above device is controlled by an external circuit and is complicated and expensive.

Furthermore, when used in a vacuum device, a wire is required for the Riet wire of the sensor and the wire for the electromagnet. Moreover, when trying to apply it to a mobile device, these glue threads become a nuisance.

Superconducting magnetic float devices, on the other hand, do not require a control circuit, but require a cooling device that uses liquid helium to keep them at low temperatures, making them expensive and difficult to handle.

Part 1: Is it possible to create repulsive magnetism using diamagnetic materials at room temperature? However, even with bismuth, which has the strongest diamagnetic properties at room temperature, and graphite l-, magnetic susceptibility (magnetization Since the magnetic susceptibility of superconductors is approximately 1/10,000 times smaller than the magnetic susceptibility of superconductors x = -1, repulsive magnetic levitation can only be achieved using room-temperature diamagnetic materials. It's Ukijuriki or Kozukiru.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the need for an electrical control circuit or a mechanical structure, and to stabilize the floating blade.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic levitation device in which magnetic levitation can be achieved without requiring a Riet wire.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention incorporates a ferromagnetic material and a diamagnetic material in either one of the floating body and the means for levitating the body. A magnet with a magnetic pole capable of magnetically saturating a ferromagnetic material in the saturation region is provided on the other hand, and in the saturation region, the magnet attracts the strong 611-magnetic material and repels the magnetic material to form a floating two-body. It is characterized by being kept in a floating state.

[For production]

According to the magnetic levitation device of the present invention, an attractive force is created between the ferromagnetic material and diamagnetic material of the levitation object and the magnet that generates a strong magnetic field, which is installed to levitate the levitation object. Since a repulsive force is generated, the magnetic field gradient due to the magnet, the volume of the ferromagnetic material and the diamagnetic material, and the volume of the ferromagnetic material and the diamagnetic material are It is possible to maintain the floating object in a floating state by appropriately setting the total weight of the floating object.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which a pair of diamagnetic material and ferromagnetic material are combined and arranged on the floating body side. Here, 1 is a magnet that generates a magnetic field for lifting the floating object, and magnets 1 and C may be permanent magnets or electromagnets. Reference numeral 2 denotes the magnetic pole, and depending on the configuration of the magnetic pole 2, the gradient of the generated magnetic field, etc. can be adjusted appropriately. It is assumed that the magnet 1 is supported by a support body (not shown).

On the other hand, 3 is a ferromagnetic material provided on the floating body side, and the ferromagnetic material 3 is a metal such as soft iron or cobalt, or a ferromagnetic alloy such as permalloy or supermalloy. That is, the ferromagnetic material 3 is attracted to the opposing magnetic pole 2 by the magnetic field of the magnet 1, and the levitation force is generated on the side of the floating body 4 due to the attractive force, but in this case, the ferromagnetic material 3 When it comes close to the magnetic pole 2 to a certain extent, it becomes magnetically saturated, and above that, even if it approaches the magnetic pole 2, the attractive force does not increase.

5 is a diamagnetic material arranged around the ferromagnetic material 3, and as the magnetic material 5, hismuth, graphite, phosphorus, niobium, Nb3Sn, Nb-Ti, or special organic compounds can be used. . On the other hand, the diamagnetic material 5 generates a weak repulsive force due to the magnet 1, and this repulsive force increases as it approaches the diamagnetic material 5 or the opposing magnetic pole 2, and as will be described later, Strong 1i1? Now cancels the increase in suction power of Sex Vacation 3. Then, when the resultant force of the repulsion by the diamagnetic body 5 and the weight of the floating body 4 becomes balanced with the attractive force of the strong hj body 3 in the saturated magnetization state, the floating body 4 stabilizes and floats.

In addition, in order to perform the above-described levitation operation of the floating object 4 with one magnet 1 as in this example, the ferromagnetic material 3
The diamagnetic material 5 and the diamagnetic material 5 may be laminated, or they may be mixed and molded into particles, or they may be embedded in one of the other, or they may be adhered to each other.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a plurality of magnets 10 are arranged on the support side, and a ferromagnetic magnet is attached to the magnetic bar of the central magnet 10 toward the floating body 4. The diamagnetic material 5 is arranged in the body 3 at a position facing the magnetic pole of the magnet 10 in the peripheral part, and it is possible to appropriately adjust the attractive force and repulsive force as a whole. Especially 7? It becomes possible to correct the lateral deviation of the upper body.

So, is there a magnet configured like this? The principle by which the floating body can be floated by the upper device will be explained together with its operation.

Now, in the case of a strong l1TJ material, the magnetic field strength H and magnetization M
It is known that there is a characteristic shown in Figure 3 between the magnetic fields, and when the strength of the magnetic field exceeds a predetermined value Hc, the value of magnetization M or a certain saturation value M3 is reached. Noise until saturation.

Also, the energy Um of the magnetic field is expressed as Un, = -H.

In order to form the magnetic field, in recent years, strong magnets such as rare earth cobalt magnets have become available, and it is also possible to use Otsutsu's electromagnets or superconducting magnets, which can saturate the ferromagnetic material with appropriate design. I can do it.

However, the magnetization M at that time is M=M5 (constant), so the attractive force F+ is calculated from the equation・xAH)=xAgrad(H2)
= 2

Therefore, by adjusting the volume ratio of the ferromagnetic material and the diamagnetic material and the magnetic field gradient, it is possible to create a stable point, which will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B.

In Fig. 4A, the vertical direction is assumed to be 2 glazes, and the strength of the magnetic field in the Z-axis direction H7#'; H2==) (assuming that it increases linearly with o H
Taking only the component in the Z-axis direction, F+-F, Ho...■F-=2xA
H8'Z ・・・■The equation here■ is the suction force F
, indicates that the saturation region remains constant regardless of the distance, and 2 indicates that the repulsive force F- increases as it approaches the magnetic pole. Note that before the saturation region, the attractive force F increases rapidly as it approaches the magnetic pole, as shown in FIG. 4B.

Therefore, the volumes of the ferromagnetic material and the diamagnetic material are each V+
and ■-, then the force F used on the floating object is F=V, xF, +V-xF-...■ Therefore, if the vertical part of the floating object is W, then the graph shown in Figure 4B is as follows. -There is a stable point at point A at t2.As you get closer to the magnetic pole, the force F decreases, and as you move away from it, the force F increases, so the floating object will be held at this stable point A. 7.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, according to the present invention, magnetic levitation can be realized without using an external control circuit and without contact.

In addition, in the above explanation, the relationship between the floating body and the supporting body is changed by providing a ferromagnetic material and a diamagnetic material on the floating body side, or, conversely, by providing a magnet on the floating body side. It is also possible to reverse the rotation and levitate the floating body side equipped with magnets. In this case, by using a rail-shaped support made of a ferromagnetic material and a diamagnetic material, a magnetically levitated conveyance device that does not require a leet wire can be constructed in the same manner.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overview of the magnetic levitation device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 is an H-M characteristic curve showing the magnetic characteristics of a ferromagnetic material. Figure 4A Figure No. J, Explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the attractive force F4 and repulsive force F- acting on ferromagnetic materials and anti-BN materials and their distances in relation to the magnetic field strength ■], Figure 4B FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram showing that a stable point can be obtained in the saturation region of a ferromagnetic material by the forces F and F- acting in the Z-axis direction shown in FIG. 4A. 1.10... Magnet, 2... Magnetic pole, 3... Ferromagnetic material, 4... Levitating body, 5... Diamagnetic material. Designated Agent Director, Electronics Technology Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] A ferromagnetic material and a diamagnetic material are disposed on one of the floating body and a means for levitating the floating body, and a magnet having a magnetic pole that can magnetically saturate the ferromagnetic body in a saturation region is disposed on the other, A magnetic levitation device, characterized in that, in a saturation region, the magnet attracts the ferromagnetic material and repels the magnetic material to maintain the floating object in a levitating state.