JPS6314993B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a blood purification device for adsorbing and removing toxic substances in blood. More specifically, the present invention relates to a blood purification device using an adsorption membrane formed by immobilizing a powder or particulate adsorbent on a membrane support.

Patients with renal failure or liver failure have a decreased ability to excrete toxic substances from the blood, such as creatinine, uric acid, urea, protein-bound substances, etc., which can lead to an accumulation of toxic substances in the blood, which can be life-threatening. It will be. For this reason, attempts are made to purify the blood by removing toxic substances through dialysis or the use of adsorbents.
However, since dialysis is a purification method using a semipermeable membrane, it is generally difficult to effectively remove medium to large molecular weight substances and protein-bound substances such as bilirubin. On the other hand, purification methods in which toxic substances are adsorbed and removed by bringing an adsorbent into direct contact with blood can remove various toxic substances from blood by selecting the type of adsorbent. In this case, adsorption of toxic substances in the blood is carried out by liquid phase adsorption. Generally, in liquid phase adsorption, the diffusion rate of the substance is lower than in the gas phase, and the adsorption rate depends on the outer surface area of the adsorbent, so it is desirable to use a powder or particulate adsorbent with a large outer surface area. However, it is difficult to use a particulate adsorbent with a large external surface area because the adsorbent flows into the human body in its original state. Therefore, in order to effectively purify blood using a powder or particulate adsorbent, it is necessary to immobilize the adsorbent by some method. For this reason, a method has been proposed in which a polymer and an adsorbent are mixed and immobilized in a spherical or membrane shape. However, in order to maintain this condition in good condition, a large amount of polymer is required relative to the amount of adsorbent, which has the disadvantage that the thickness of the polymer on the surface of the adsorbent increases, and the adsorption force decreases accordingly. In addition, when using granular adsorbents, only the surface needs to be coated, so the thickness of the coating can be made thinner, but because the movement of toxic substances into the interior of the adsorbent is slow, a high adsorption rate is expected. There is a drawback that it cannot be done.

The present inventors have discovered that an adsorbent with a high adsorption rate can be obtained by immobilizing a powder or particulate adsorbent on a membrane support. However, when such a film-like adsorbent is brought into contact with blood to adsorb and remove toxic substances from the blood, efficient treatment cannot be achieved simply by storing the adsorbent in a container with a blood inlet/outlet. It was found that adsorbent fine particles were easily detached from the end of the adsorbent and transferred into the blood. An object of the present invention is to provide a blood purification device that can efficiently remove toxic substances from blood and that makes it difficult for adsorbent particles to be detached.

That is, the present invention provides an adsorbent made of an adsorbent membrane formed by immobilizing a powder or particulate adsorbent on a membrane support and wound into a roll, and an adsorbent made of a foam having open cells that is tightly attached to both ends of the adsorbent. an elastic body that protects the end of the adsorbent, and a support frame made of a rigid material that holds the adsorbent and the elastic body as a whole from both sides of the elastic body and has a space through which blood can pass; This is a blood purification device characterized by being housed in a container having a blood inlet and outlet. The apparatus of the present invention will be explained below based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the blood purification device of the present invention, showing a disassembled state of the blood purification device excluding the storage container. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled device. In the figure, 1 is an adsorbent formed by winding an adsorption membrane in which a powder or particulate adsorbent is immobilized on a membrane support, and 2 is an elastic body provided at both ends of the adsorbent. . 3 is a support frame provided on both sides of the elastic body to hold the adsorbent and the elastic body, and 4 is a container for storing the above-mentioned 1 to 3.

The adsorbent used in the adsorbent 1 needs to be in the form of powder or fine particles, and the preferred average particle size is 10 to 100μ. When the adsorbent is in powder or particulate form, a high adsorption rate can be obtained. Adsorbents include activated carbon, organic porous resin,
Examples include porous alumina and porous silica. Supports include polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyester,
Membrane materials such as films, sheets, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, mesh bodies, etc. made of cellulose are used. Among these, porous ones are preferred in order to maintain good blood flow. A particularly preferred support is a porous film or sheet having a network structure composed of granular thick-walled parts and linear thin-walled parts. If the thickness of the support is too thick, the relative proportion of the adsorbent immobilized will decrease, and if it is too thin, the strength will be insufficient, so a range of 10 to 500μ is appropriate.
A method for immobilizing an adsorbent on a support is to attach a mixed solution or melt of the adsorbent and polymer onto the support by dipping, coating, spraying, etc., and then drying, coagulating, and cooling. Methods such as solidifying the polymer can be mentioned. It is preferable that the polymer on which the adsorbent is immobilized has a porous structure in order to obtain a high adsorption rate. A porous structure can be obtained by a known method, for example, by bringing a polymer solution into contact with a non-solvent that is miscible with the solvent but does not dissolve the polymer. Polymers used to immobilize the adsorbent include polyurethane, polysulfone, polystyrene, polyamide,
Examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, hydrophilic methacrylate polymers, and hydrophilic acrylate polymers. Among these, those with excellent blood affinity are preferred. The amount of polymer used for the adsorbent is
A suitable amount is 20 to 150 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 100 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the adsorbent. The adsorption membrane with the adsorbent immobilized on the support as described above is wound into a roll to form the adsorbent 1. When winding into a roll, it is convenient to use the core material 5 as shown in the drawing.

The elastic bodies provided at both ends of the adsorbent are provided to protect the ends of the adsorbent, and have a porous structure that does not inhibit the passage of blood. More specifically, it is a foam having open cells made of a polymeric material such as polyurethane or silicone. By providing such an elastic body, detachment of adsorbent fine particles from the adsorbent can be dramatically reduced, and it can be used for blood purification without any problems. The shape of the elastic body is appropriately selected, such as a circle, an ellipse, a square, or a rectangle, depending on the shape of the end of the adsorbent.

In the present invention, support frames are further provided on both sides of the elastic body. The support frame is made of a rigid material and has a shape that can hold the adsorbent and the elastic body as a whole, such as one with the structure shown in Figure 1 or a porous plate, and has a shape that can hold the adsorbent and the elastic body as a whole. It has a space to pass through. By providing the support frame, the elastic body can be uniformly brought into close contact with the entire end portion of the adsorbent, and the function of the elastic body can be fully exhibited. As for the material of the supporting frame, plastic materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate are advantageously used, but metals, ceramics, etc. can also be used.

The above-described adsorbent, elastic body, and support frame are housed in a container having a blood inlet/outlet to form a blood purification device. The storage container has a blood inlet 6 and an outlet 7.
is provided. The storage container is made of polyethylene,
It is made of various plastic materials such as polypropylene and polycarbonate, metal, glass, ceramic, etc., and is composed of two or more parts as necessary.

The blood purification device of the present invention can further be provided with a filter or the like, if necessary. Also,
The blood to be processed may be not only whole blood but also plasma or serum. Further, it is preferable to sterilize the product before use, and steam sterilization, γ-ray sterilization, etc. are suitable.

Since the blood purification device of the present invention uses a powdered adsorbent, the adsorption speed is high, and since the adsorbent is wound into a roll, it is easy to manufacture. Furthermore, by winding it into a roll, the edges of the adsorbent where fine particles are likely to be generated can be minimized, and since the edges are protected by an elastic body, the generation of fine particles is extremely reduced. Blood purification can be performed safely.

As detailed above, the blood purification device of the present invention has a higher adsorption rate and generates fewer fine particles than those using conventional granular adsorbents.
It can purify blood safely and efficiently, and is useful for treating renal failure, liver failure, drug addiction, and various immune diseases.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the blood purification device of the present invention, excluding a storage container. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the assembled blood purification device of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Adsorption body, 2... Elastic body, 3... Support frame, 4... Storage container, 6... Blood inlet, 7... Blood outlet.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Adsorbent 1 is formed by winding an adsorption film formed by immobilizing a powder or particulate adsorbent onto a membrane support, and is made of a foam having open cells, and the adsorbent is tightly attached to both ends of the adsorbent for adsorption. An elastic body 2 that protects the end of the body, and a support frame 3 made of a rigid material that holds the adsorbent and the elastic body as a whole from both sides of the elastic body and has a space through which blood can pass. 1. A blood purification device, characterized in that the device is housed in a container having an inlet and an outlet.