JPS6314031B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for charging coal in a coke oven, in which the coal is charged by gravity falling into a coking chamber, and in particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for charging coal in a coke oven, in which the coal is charged in advance by gravity. It relates to something that is pressurized and charged immediately before charging without being molded.

[Technical Background of the Invention] Generally, a coal loading car is used to charge the charged coal into the carbonization chamber in a room furnace type coke oven, and the charged coal stored in a hopper on the coal loading car is transferred to the lower part of the hopper. The carbonization chamber is loaded through a table feeder through a charging port on the ceiling of the carbonization chamber under gravity. The height of the carbonization chamber increases as the size increases, and in recent years it has increased to 6 to 7 m.
However, the charged coal is pulverized coal, and its particle size is small and light (87% of the particles are 3 mm or less, and the bulk density in the natural state is 0.5 t/m ³ ), so if the pulverized coal alone falls under gravity, it will not be carbonized. The packing density in the chamber is small, and the packing density in the upper part, where the falling distance is small in the height direction of the carbonization chamber, is even smaller than that in the lower part.

Furthermore, since charging from the coal loading car is limited to the vertical direction, the filling density in the middle of the charging port is lower than that directly below the charging port, resulting in an imbalance in the packing density in the longitudinal direction of the coking chamber.

By the way, coke strength is proportional to packing density (in the process of coal softening and melting by heating and turning into coke, when the packing density is high, the distance between particles is small, so the reaction between particles is smooth and the coke has a high strength. ), a low packing density means that the coke strength is weak when carbonized to make coke. Therefore, if only pulverized coal falls by gravity, the coke strength is weak, and furthermore, the coke strength varies in the height direction of the carbonization chamber, and the coke becomes weaker as it goes to the top. Weak coke strength increases the amount of coke breeze generated and reduces the yield of useful lump coke, so it is necessary to improve the packing density.

Therefore, one method to improve packing density is to add pulverized charcoal (size 51 x 41 x 31
A method of blending briquette coal in which 30 to 40% of molten coal (mm, coal density 1.18 t/m ³ ) is blended and charged has been considered and has been put into practical use. According to this method, the coke strength can be considerably improved compared to a charging method that simply uses gravitational fall of pulverized coal.

[Problems with Background Art] However, the briquette blending method has various problems as follows.

Molded coal manufacturing equipment and equipment for uniformly mixing powdered coal are required, but these equipments are large-sized.

The equipment is too large to be mounted on a coal charging car, so it is installed on the ground.The mixture of pulverized coal and briquette coal is carried by a belt conveyor to a storage tank in a coal tower above the coke oven, and then cut into the hopper of a charging car. It can be done.

Molded coal is therefore subjected to many large impacts during transport before it is charged into the carbonization chamber, so to prevent damage, a binder (such as Pitch) is used to mold the coal under high pressure. ing.

However, since the price of the binder added is high, the running cost is high, which is an economic disadvantage.

Even if the coal is mixed uniformly on the ground, separation of briquette coal and powdered coal occurs during the transportation process to the coal loading car, and segregation of briquette coal occurs when it is filled in the carbonization chamber.
When the coal briquettes segregate, voids are created between the coal briquettes, and the bulk density of the segregated portion is lower than that of the uniformly mixed portion, resulting in an imbalance in packing density.

Since the bulk density of briquette coal and the blending ratio with powdered coal are constant and cannot be adjusted, the bulk density of the charged coal mixed with this will also be constant, and when it is filled in the carbonization chamber, there will be an imbalance in the packing density in the height direction. Especially in the upper part where the head is small, there is no tamping due to gravity, so the packing density is low and it becomes so-called foam coke.

Since the charging is limited to the vertical direction, there is an unbalance in the packing density in the longitudinal direction of the carbonization chamber.

[Object of the Invention] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its purpose is to adopt a method of charging coal by gravity drop, but without using expensive equipment or binders. By compacting and charging pulverized coal, the packing density in the coking chamber is increased and the strength of the coke is improved.In addition, homogenization in the height and longitudinal directions has been achieved by reducing lump coke due to a decrease in coke quality and powder ratio. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for charging coal in a coke oven and an apparatus therefor, which can significantly improve the yield.

In the present invention, the bulk density of charged coal to improve the packing density in the carbonization chamber is not increased by pre-forming.
This was done based on the knowledge that it would be better to raise the temperature immediately before charging to avoid receiving external shocks.

That is, in the method of charging coal in a coke oven according to the first invention, powdered coal is pressurized by a compaction means placed above the coking chamber, and compacted coal with only contained moisture as a binder is produced immediately before charging. This compacted coal and powdered coal added as needed are dropped into the carbonization chamber, and in order to keep the packing density in the carbonization chamber constant, the coal is mixed according to the head that changes due to the accumulation in the carbonization chamber. The bulk density of the consolidated coal or the charging ratio of the consolidated coal to the powdered coal is adjusted.

Further, in the charging device for charging coal in a coke oven according to the second invention, a hopper having an outlet opened and closed by a cut-off valve is provided directly above the charging port of the coking chamber, and a hopper is provided at the outlet of the hopper. a consolidation frame that takes in a part of the powder stored in the consolidation frame, and a pressurizing means that pressurizes the powdered coal taken into the consolidation frame between the above-mentioned cut-out valve and forms consolidated coal. The compacted coal in the compaction frame is allowed to fall by gravity into the carbonization chamber from the charging port by opening the cut-out valve.

This makes it possible to increase the bulk density of the charged coal without requiring large-scale above-ground equipment, and prevents the equipment from becoming complicated and equipment costs from increasing.

[Embodiments of the Invention] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view showing an example of a coal charging device in a coke oven for carrying out the method of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, the charging coal charging device 1 has a carbonization chamber 2.
A cart 4 is provided above and runs on the ceiling 3 of the carbonization chamber 2 in the width direction of the carbonization chamber 2 (direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper). A movable frame 5 that is movable in the left-right direction), a hopper 6 fixed on the movable frame 5, a compaction device 7 fixed to the hopper 6, and a ceiling 3 of the carbonization chamber 2 communicating with the outlet 6A of the hopper 6. and a chute 9 facing a charging port 8 provided at the top.

The consolidation device 7 has a cut-off valve 11 that opens and closes the lower part of the outlet of the hopper 6 using a hydraulic cylinder 10, and also has a consolidation frame that moves up and down from the upper part of the outlet of the hopper 6 and is inserted into and removed from the outlet of the hopper 6. Consolidation cylinder 12 and consolidation plunger 1 as pressurizing means
It has 3. The consolidation cylinder 12 is connected to an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 1 suspended from the hopper 6 via a support 14.
When the hopper 5 is lowered, the pulverized coal 16 stuck in the outlet of the hopper 6 is taken into the compacted cylinder 12 from its open bottom. The consolidation plunger 13 is fitted into this consolidation cylinder 12, and this consolidation plunger 13 is supported by a main hydraulic cylinder 19 suspended in the same way as the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 15 so as to be movable up and down, and when lowered, the consolidation plunger 13 The powdered coal taken into the body 12 is pressurized to form consolidated coal 17. The main hydraulic cylinder 19 allows the pressing force of the consolidation plunger 13 to be adjusted.

The chute 9 is a fixed chute 9A connected to the outlet 6A of the hopper 6 via the cutoff valve 11.
and a movable chute 9B that communicates with the fixed chute 9A and is movable θ in the longitudinal direction of the carbonization chamber 2.
The charging coal is discharged from the outlet by falling by gravity (by gravity or accelerated if necessary) and is charged into the carbonization chamber 2 through the charging port 8. The movable frame 5 has a pinion 2 provided on the trolley 4.
A rack 21 that meshes with the pinion 20 is provided, and the rotation of this pinion 20 causes the movable frame 5 to move on the carriage 4 in the direction of the arrow. Wheels 22 are provided at the bottom. The movement of the movable frame 5 is linked with the swinging of the movable chute 9B, so that when the movable chute 9B swings to the right, the movable frame 5 moves to the left side opposite to this, and vice versa. When the chute 9B swings to the left, the movable frame 5 moves to the right to prevent the tip of the movable chute 9B from coming off the loading port 8 whose diameter is limited.

Further, the cart 4 runs on rails 23 arranged above the ceiling 3 of the carbonization chamber 2, and guides the charging device 1 to the carbonization chambers 2 arranged in multiple layers in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper. .

In FIG. 1, 24 is the floor of the carbonization chamber 2, 25 is a support for fixing the hopper 6 to the movable frame 5, 26 is a pressure receiving seat that supports the cut-out valve 11 from below, and 27 is provided on the trolley 4. It is a wheel.

The above-mentioned hopper 6, compaction device 7, and chute 9 form one set, and this set is prepared in the movable frame 5 in the same number as the charging ports 8 of one carbonization chamber 2.

Next, the operation of the coal charging device having the above configuration will be explained.

In FIG. 2A, the cutoff valve 11 is closed;
The outlet 6A of the hopper 6 is filled with powdered coal 16. The consolidation plunger 13 and the consolidation cylinder 12 rise to the upper limit and are removed from the outlet 6A of the hopper 6. This state is the state of waiting for charging. Next, the cut-off valve 11 is opened, and powdered coal 16 is charged into the carbonization chamber 2 by falling by gravity from the outlet 6A of the hopper 6 through the chute 9 (FIG. 2B). Movable chute 9 during charging
B is rocked so that the powdered coal 16 is filled to the same height in the longitudinal direction of the carbonization chamber 2. At this time, the movable frame 5 is moved in conjunction with the swinging of the movable chute 9B.
Move the tip of the movable chute 9B to the charging port 8.
Make sure it doesn't come off. At the beginning of charging, charging only the pulverized coal 16 as described above is because the height of the coking chamber 2 is 6 to 7 m, and because of the height, the pulverized coal is sufficiently accelerated by its own weight and collides with the floor 24. Therefore, the bed 24 can be filled with a relatively large packing density even with the pulverized coal 16 alone. Furthermore, since the head is large, the purpose is to protect the bed 24 by alleviating the impact force of the consolidated coal 17, which will be charged later, on the bed 24.

When an appropriate amount of powdered coal 16 is filled into the carbonization chamber 2,
The cut-out valve 11 is closed, the consolidation plunger 13 remains stopped, and only the consolidation cylinder 12 is lowered, and the hopper 6 is lowered.
The pulverized coal 16 is charged into the outlet of the hopper 6 from the upper part of the outlet, and taken into the consolidated cylinder 12 (FIG. 2C).
When the tip of the consolidation cylinder 12 comes into close contact with the lower part of the outlet of the hopper 6, the descent of the consolidation cylinder 12 is stopped, the consolidation plunger 13 is lowered, and the powdered coal 16 is consolidated to form consolidated coal 17 with only the water content ( Figure 2D).
In this case, the size of the consolidated coal 17 is, for example, 400φmm x 500mm if the diameter of the charging port 8 is 450φmm.
The bulk density changes from 0.7 t/m ³ (from the floor 24 to the ceiling 3) as the head decreases due to the accumulation of powdered coal 16 and consolidated coal 17.
It is desirable to increase it to ^around 1.1t/m3. The reason why the bulk density is changed according to the head difference in this way is to prevent the tamping effect due to falling energy from decreasing as the head difference decreases and the packing density to decrease, by increasing the bulk density. be. In addition, the lower limit of the bulk density of consolidated coal 17 is 0.7t/m ³
This means that powdered coal 1 can be produced even without being pressurized and consolidated.
On the other hand, the upper limit of bulk density is set at 1.1t/ ^m3 because the relationship between consolidation pressure and bulk density is 9%, which is the normal moisture content of powdered coal. This is because the bulk density is almost saturated at 1.1 t/m ³ , and even if it is attempted to obtain a bulk density higher than this, the increase in bulk density will be small compared to the increase in consolidation pressure, making it uneconomical. Of course, water may be supplied to the pulverized coal 16 from the outside during compaction within a range where water content does not become excessive.

After compacting the compacted coal 17, the cut-off valve 11 is opened again, and the compacted coal 17 that has been heated up by the pressurization and remains inside the compacted cylinder 12 is pushed out by the downward movement of the compaction plunger 13, and remains in the carbonization chamber 2 as a block. (Fig. 2E). At this time, consolidated coal 1
7 is the moisture normally contained in powdered coal 16 (approximately 9%)
Because it is compacted and molded using only a binder such as pitch, it is weaker than molded coal that uses a binder such as pitch, and when it is charged into the carbonization chamber 2, it breaks into small blocks due to the impact of a collision. As will be described later, powdered coal 16 is charged thereon to fill in the gaps between the blocks, so that no voids are created. Furthermore, since the consolidated coal 17 is large in size, the collision energy due to its falling is large, and the compaction effect within the carbonization chamber 2 is increased, resulting in an increase in packing density. Therefore, even if the bulk density of the consolidated coal 17 is not very high, it has a large mass and falls as a whole in the form of a lump, so the packing density is higher than when powdered coal containing a large amount of air is dropped without applying any pressure. will improve.

When the extrusion of the consolidation plunger 13 is completed, the consolidation plunger 13 and the consolidation cylinder 12 are simultaneously raised. At this time, the cutoff valve 11 remains open, so as the consolidation plunger 13 and the consolidation cylinder 12 rise, the powdered coal 16 flows out and falls into the carbonization chamber 2 (FIG. 2F). After charging an appropriate amount of pulverized coal 16, the cutoff valve 11 is closed, and the state returns to the initial state shown in FIG. 2A. The reason why powdered coal 16 is charged after charging consolidated coal 17 is to fill in the gaps between cracked blocks and eliminate voids, as described above.

When one cycle is completed in this manner, the swing angle of the movable chute 9B is changed and the same procedure is repeated.

Therefore, the bulk density of the consolidated coal 17 or the powdered coal 16
By controlling the charging amount ratio between the carbonization chamber 2 and
0.7t/ ^m3 (0.5t/ ^m3 at the ceiling), approximately 0.9t/ ^m3
A uniform packing density can be obtained. Consolidated coal 1
The bulk density of 7 can be easily controlled by controlling the hydraulic pressure from the main hydraulic cylinder 19.

Additionally, in the past, charging from the coal loading car was limited to the vertical direction, so the filling density was lower in the middle between the charging ports compared to the area directly below the charging ports, resulting in an unbalanced packing density in the longitudinal direction of the coking chamber. However, since the charging direction of the powdered coal 16 or the consolidated coal 17 can be adjusted by swinging the movable chute 9B, the imbalance in the packing density in the longitudinal direction of the carbonization chamber 2 can also be alleviated. Furthermore, since the movable frame 5 moves as the movable chute 9B swings, the tip of the movable chute 9B does not come off the charging port 8, and a large swing angle can be obtained, further improving the uniformity of the packing density. be able to.

In addition, since the compaction device 7 only needs to pressurize the powdered coal 16 and mold the compacted coal 17, it can be downsized, so the compaction device 17 can be installed in the charging device, and it can be used in combination with conventional large-sized compacted coal production equipment and mixing. No equipment is required, and the equipment ratio can be significantly reduced.

In addition, in the above embodiment, a method was described in which the bulk density of the consolidated coal 17 was controlled according to a change in the head. The charge ratio control and the above embodiments may be controlled in combination.

In addition, although we have described the case where the hopper 6 has one outlet, by branching the hopper 6 there is one outlet.
One outlet is provided, a flow rate adjustment valve 31 is provided at this outlet and directly connected to the fixed chute 9A, and this other
While powdered coal 16 is continuously charged from one outlet, consolidated coal 17 is intermittently charged from the other outlet,
Alternatively, powdered coal 16 and consolidated coal 17 may be charged simultaneously and intermittently.

In the above embodiment, a reciprocating compaction device 7 using a compaction plunger 13 was used, but a screw feeder or a pressure roller may be used as means for pressurizing and compacting. These screw feeder type and roller type are suitable for continuous consolidation with low consolidation force, and they can achieve 0.7t/m ³ ~
Consolidated coal 17 with a low bulk density of about 0.8t/ ^m3 is easily broken by falling collisions in the carbonization chamber 2, and there are few voids, so there is no need to charge powdered coal 16, and the entire amount of charged coal is converted into consolidated coal. 17. There is an advantage that the tamping effect due to the energy of the falling collision is greater than in the case of only pulverized coal 16, and therefore the packing density is greater than in the case of only pulverized coal 16.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, two hoppers may be provided, one being a hopper 6 for compacted coal and the other being a hopper 30 exclusively for pulverized coal. In this case, different raw materials can be used, so for compacted coal, cheap slightly caking coal, which has inferior caking properties compared to caking coal that is charged as powdered coal, or non-caking coal, Steam coal can also be used, resulting in lower running costs. In addition, 31 in the figure is a flow rate adjustment valve.

[Effects of the Invention] In summary, the present invention exhibits the following excellent effects.

According to this method, the charged coal is pressurized and charged at the time of charging, rather than charging using compacted coal in advance, so that the compacted coal is protected from impact during transportation to the charging equipment. It will be possible to release
Since there is no need for an expensive binder such as pitch, which was required in the conventional briquette coal blending method to resist impact, and only the water contained in the coal is bound, running costs are significantly reduced. In addition, so that the packing density in the carbonization chamber is constant,
Since the bulk density of consolidated coal or the charging ratio of consolidated coal and powdered coal is adjusted according to the head, it is possible to eliminate the unbalance in packing density that occurred in the height and longitudinal directions of the coking chamber. . As a result, homogeneous coke with high strength is obtained, the generation of fine coke is reduced, and the yield of lump coke is greatly improved.

According to this device, a hopper having an outlet is provided directly above the charging port of the carbonization chamber, a compaction means is provided at the outlet of the hopper, and after compaction, if the cut-off valve is opened, the hopper will fall directly into the carbonization chamber by gravity. With this simple structure, it is possible to increase the packing density of the charged coal in the carbonization chamber, which eliminates the need for conventional large briquette coal production equipment and mixing equipment, significantly reducing equipment costs. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partial front cross-sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of a coal charging device in a coke oven for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIGS. 2A to 2F illustrate the operation of the device according to FIG. 1. Figures 3 and 3 are front views of main parts showing other embodiments of a coal charging device for carrying out the method of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is the charging coal charging device, 2 is the carbonization chamber,
6 is a hopper, 6a is an outlet of the hopper, 7 is a compaction device as compaction means, 16 is powdered coal, and 17 is compacted coal.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Powdered coal is pressurized by a compaction means disposed above the carbonization chamber to form compacted coal with only the water content as a binder immediately before charging, and this compacted coal and, if necessary, The powdered coal to be added is dropped and charged into the carbonization chamber, and the bulk density of the consolidated coal or the density of the consolidated coal and powdered coal is adjusted according to the head that changes due to the accumulation in the carbonization chamber so that the packing density in the carbonization chamber is constant. 1. A method for charging coal in a coke oven, characterized in that the ratio of the charging amount is adjusted. 2 The range for adjusting the bulk density of the consolidated coal is
The charging method according to claim 1, characterized in that the charging amount is from 0.7 t/m ³ to 1.1 t/m ³ . 3. A hopper having an outlet opened and closed by a cut-off valve is provided directly above the charging port of the carbonization chamber, and a consolidation frame body is provided at the outlet of the hopper to take inside a part of the powder stored in the hopper. , Attaching a consolidation means consisting of a pressurizing means for pressurizing the powdered coal taken into the consolidation frame between the cutting valve and forming consolidated coal,
A charging device for charging coal in a coke oven, characterized in that the compacted coal in the compaction frame is caused to fall by gravity into the carbonization chamber from the charging port by opening the cut-off valve.