JPS63131876A - Pump device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce electric power consumption by arranging a control means which works when a power switch comprising pressure switches is closed and determines a motor output from a pressure drop between a power switchon pressure and an operation start pressure and based on a pressure sensor signal. CONSTITUTION:A control circuit is provided with a pressure switch 1 as a power switch and with a pressure sensor 18 for detecting variance in pressures in a pressure tank. A control means calculates a change in a pressure drop between a power switch-on pressure and an operation start pressure, determines an output of a pump motor for its best operating condition, and drives the pump. As a result, the power consumption when the amount of water used is small can be reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a pump device, and particularly to a pump device that operates and stops depending on the pressure of a pressure tank.

[Conventional technology]

A conventional pump device of this type includes a pump, an electric motor that drives the pump, a pressure tank provided on the discharge side of the pump, and a pressure tank that detects the pressure of the pressure tank and operates the pump according to the detected pressure. Generally, the motor is configured to include at least a pressure switch that controls starting and stopping of the electric motor that drives the motor.

According to such pumping equipment.

(1) You want to make the pressure tank smaller to reduce the installation space. (2) You want to save power and reduce running costs. In the case of conventional pump equipment, (i) If you reduce the capacity of the pressure tank, the number of pulsations will increase. (fl) When operating when the amount of water used is low, vortex pumps require increased input, reducing efficiency, and the pressure switch is operated frequently, shortening its life and increasing noise. (fit) The mechanical pressure switch cannot set a high set value (operation stop pressure) because the pressure gradient is small near the cut-off pressure, and (iv) there is hysteresis in the on/off operation of the mechanical pressure switch, so the discharge There was a problem in that pressure pulsation became large.

As a solution to the above problems,
Although the pump device described in Publication No. 2 has been proposed,
Even with this pump device, the following points were not sufficient.

(1) It is not effective in reducing input during operation when the amount of water used is small.

(2) - If the pump is stopped, the pressure will drop significantly and the pulsation will become large in order to restart the pump.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In other words, in the case of the above-mentioned pump device, there is a problem in that during operation when the amount of water used is small, the pump device operates at full power near the cut-off pressure, resulting in an increase in input power.

This is because operation close to the cut-off pressure is impossible with a start/stop system using a single mechanical pressure switch.

Therefore, a flow switch with a built-in reed switch is used, but since the reed switch is for low-power applications and cannot cut off the motor load manually, an electronic circuit is required. I was worried that I would run out of electricity every time I turned it on.

To avoid this, there is a drawback that an expensive self-holding circuit is required.

Pumps are equipment installed outdoors and are subject to changes in the temperature of the outside air,
Must be directly exposed to and resistant to humidity changes. Since actual operation is performed intermittently, considering the lifespan of circuit elements, avoiding continuous input can extend the lifespan by more than 10 times.6 The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to improve the lifespan of circuit elements. To provide a pump device that enables continuous operation when the amount of water used is small without using a pressure switch.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention, which has achieved the above object, is a power switch consisting of a pressure switch that closes when the pressure in the pressure tank becomes lower than the set power-on pressure and opens when the set operation stop pressure is reached. and.

A pressure sensor capable of detecting pressure including at least the operation start pressure within the operating range of the pressure switch, and a pressure sensor that is activated when the power switch is closed and detects the pressure from the power-on pressure to the operation start pressure based on the signal from the pressure sensor. The control means determines the output of the pump motor based on the change in the decrease and controls the drive of the pump motor.

[Effect]

When the pressure switch detects that the pressure is lower than the power-on pressure and the pressure tank is lower than the operation start pressure, the control means drives the pump motor. The control means calculates the change in pressure drop from the power-on pressure to the operation start pressure, determines the output of the pump motor to achieve the best operating state, and drives the pump motor.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

1 and 2 are circuit diagrams showing an embodiment of a pump device according to the present invention.

In Figure 1, 1 is a pressure switch as a double-pole, double-throw power switch, 2 is a power transformer, 3 is a rectifier circuit, 4 is a constant voltage circuit, 5 is an instruction control unit composed of a microcomputer, etc., and 6 is a pump. Driving electric motor (motor), 7
is a phase advance capacitor.

8 is a triac which is a semiconductor switching element, 9 is a pulse transformer that converts the gate signal of the triac 8, 10 is a programmable, unijunction, transistor (PUT), 1.1 is a DA converter, and 12 is a clock circuit. In Figure 2, 13 is the first unit for measuring the outside temperature.
a thermistor, 14 a second thermistor for measuring water temperature, 15 a DA converter, 16 a first comparator, 17
is a second comparator, 18 is a pressure sensor that detects pressure fluctuations on the discharge side from the pressure tank, and 19 is pressure sensor 1.
This is an oscillator circuit that converts the change in 8 into a pulse signal and outputs it.

The instruction control unit 5 connects the terminal Van to the positive terminal of the constant voltage circuit 4 and connects the reset terminal RESET to the reset circuit (C11
R1), the terminal INT is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier circuit 3 via the capacitor Cz, the terminal Vss is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier circuit 3,
Terminal P20. P21 and P22 are connected to the DA converter 11, respectively. Similarly, the instruction control unit 5 connects terminals P30°P31. P32. P33 to DA converter 15,
The output of the first comparator 16 is connected to the terminal P40, and the output of the first comparator 16 is connected to the terminal P40.
The output of the second comparator 17 is connected to the terminal P42, and the output of the oscillation circuit 19 is connected to the terminal P42.

Note that in the present invention, a description of temperature control will be omitted.

The present embodiment will now be explained using FIGS. 3 to 6.

Figure 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the characteristics of the pressure switch and pressure sensor, Figure 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the pressure sensor and oscillation frequency, Figure 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the characteristics of the well pump device, and Figure 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the characteristics of the well pump device.
The figure is a characteristic diagram that captures the performance at the initial stage of pump operation in terms of rate of change.

The first operation is shown. A in FIG. 3 indicates the characteristics of the pressure switch 1, and Pan CfR source input pressure) =
2kg/a1. Poff (operation stop pressure) = 4kg/
d shows the operating range. , B is the pressure sensor 18
It shows the same characteristics as conventional pressure switches (P-
LL: Operation start pressure = 1 kg/d, Poff: Operation stop pressure = 4 ksg/cd> Covers the operating range. FIG. 4 shows the characteristics of the pressure sensor 18 and the oscillation circuit 19. Each pressure transmits a pulse to the input port P42 of the instruction control unit 5 as a frequency shown on the horizontal axis, and the pulse is transmitted to the input port P42 of the instruction control unit 5. It is counted by a counter in the RAM area, and the pressure can be determined. Other pressures include PH (control upper limit pressure), PC (control center pressure), and PL.
There are various detection points such as (control lower limit pressure) and F
off.

F) (, FC, Fan, FL, FLL frequencies correspond to 0. For example, Foff=20kHz, FLL=24kHz
It becomes z.

FIG. 5 shows the characteristics of the well pump device at the initial stage of operation. When water is used from the operation stop pressure (Poff) state, the pressure gradually decreases and the operation start pressure of the motor 6 (P L
L). On the way, the pressure switch 1 is operated by the pressure of Pon, the power is turned on, and the control circuit starts operating. This Po
The time T1 required to reach ff = PLL is a parameter indicating the characteristics of (1) the amount of water used, (2) the discharge side pipe resistance, and (3) the uplift height on the discharge side. For example, since water is pushed out using the internal pressure of a pressure tank, the pressure will drop suddenly if the amount of water used increases, if the pipe resistance is low, or if the push-up height is low. After the power is turned on.

The required time Δt from PL to PLL when the pressure is detected by the pressure sensor 18 is information that determines the magnitude of the load. In other words, the loads (1) to (3) can be expressed as a function of pressure with time as a variable.

The required time T2 indicates water pressure fluctuations after the pump starts operating, including (1) amount of water used, (2) pipe resistance on the discharge side, (3) uplift height on the discharge side, and (4) suction. Side suction height,
(5) It is a comprehensive parameter of pump performance that indicates the characteristics of the pipe resistance on the suction side.

Similar to T1, this will be explained using an example. Pressure increases as the pump operates, but when the amount of water used decreases, when the pipe resistance on the discharge and suction sides is low, when the uplift height on the discharge side is low, and when the suction height on the suction side is low, In either case, the pressure rises suddenly. Again, regarding (1) to (5),
It can be expressed as a function of pressure with time as a variable. In the present invention, the parameter Δt in T1 is utilized.

The values of T1 and T2 shown here are information that is not fully utilized in the conventional technology, and is discussed for the first time in the present invention.

The curve of Δt in FIG. 5 is the pressure drop leading to pump operation, and has the advantage that information on the required amount of water can be reliably obtained regardless of the supply capacity of the pump.

Figure 6 shows the case where the curve of Δt is different, and Q
This is the characteristic when the amount of water used increases in the order of l>02>03. Here, the time required from PL to PLL is t 1
Since the time increases in the order of <t2<t3, it can be determined by measuring the required time with an internal counter (not particularly shown) of the instruction control unit 5.

In Figure 5, after measuring at the above-mentioned Δt, the pump is operated under optimal conditions and the pump output is lowered as shown by the broken line. P2O of the instruction control unit 5 in the A conversion circuit 11;

P is determined by the voltage level created by converting the digital signals output from the ports of P21 and P22 into analog signals.
The firing angle of the UTIO changes and the triac 8 is driven via the pulse transformer 9, allowing one-phase control. As a result, the rotation speed of the motor 6 that drives the pump is controlled and the optimum condition PC is determined.Δt in FIGS. 5 and 6 above is PL−
Although the time was measured based on the time required between PLLs, it is also possible to measure the time required between PLLs as long as there is at least one measurement point using a pressure sensor.

FIG. 5 shows a case where the pump has sufficient supply capacity, and can pressurize up to the Poff pressure even if the amount of water used is large. If the supply capacity of the pump is insufficient for the amount of water used, there may be cases where the PL is not reached. Therefore, it is generally preferable to set the PL near the PLL to relieve the case where the supply capacity is insufficient.

The second operation will be explained.

An operating method for controlling pressure fluctuations during operation will be explained using FIG. 7. When multiple faucets are opened during operation, pressure fluctuations occur. At this time, the case where the pressure increases is classified as ■, and the case where it decreases is classified as ■.

First, when the pressure in ■ becomes PH, change to control in either ■ or ■. The operating method of operating under optimal conditions (optimal pressure pc) will be described in detail later, but the output is controlled by changing the output in multiple stages. Therefore here.

This means that you can reduce the power to the curve shown by reducing the output. However, the output at this time is Min.

In this case, it is assumed that the faucet is closed, and the output is set to Max.
It can operate at full power so that it opens to a ■ curve.

Next, when the pressure (■) reaches PL, the power can normally be increased to the curve (■). Also, if the output at this time is Max, it is determined that the supply will not be in time even if the pump is operating at full power, and the output will remain at Maz. Since this occurs, a timer operation is performed to detect abnormalities. In this case, according to the present invention, even if the load condition changes during operation, it is possible to follow the curve (■).

By determining the operating conditions of the pump through the first and second operations described above and operating the pump while monitoring it, an operating method that operates under optimal conditions can be realized.

FIG. 8 shows the main routine of the process. Processing starts when pressure switch 1 is turned on, and after initial processing (step 100), control (1) or control (2) is performed.
(Step 101).

Control (1) is (step 102) the above-mentioned first (operation)
This is a processing subroutine. Details will be explained with reference to FIG. 9. Control (2) is a subroutine of the second step process (step 1o3). The details will be explained with reference to FIG. Next is a drive processing subroutine for controlling the phase of the motor 6 (step 104).
This will be explained with reference to FIG. Next (step 105) is an abnormality check subroutine for detecting and processing various abnormalities, but a detailed explanation of the present invention will be omitted. Next, check whether pressure switch 1 is OFF (step 10'6).

If it is not OFF, the process returns to step 101. Such processing is repeatedly performed in the instruction control section 5. When the pressure switch 1 is turned off, the main power supply is cut off as shown in FIG. 1, so the process is reset and the process ends.

FIG. 9 is control (1), which is a subroutine of the first (operation) process.

When this subroutine is selected, it is first checked whether or not the timer is running (step 201). Since timing is necessary to carry out the first (operation) process, it is determined as No, and the process branches to the right and enters the instruction control section 5. Start the timer using the counter in the RAM area (step 2).
02,203).

The timer starts when the time reaches FLL (steps 202, 203), and stops when the time reaches FH as shown in the flowchart (steps 204 and 205).

Next, the required time is divided into, for example, three stages (step 206); in FIG. 9, X=1. Set X=3 and X=5 and tail (steps 207, 208, 209).

Once the settings are complete, return from the subroutine.

In this embodiment, consideration is given to controlling the power of X in five stages from 1 to 5, but as necessary. This is a subroutine for the process. First, it is determined whether it is below FL (step 301), and if it is not FL, the process branches to (step 302). Step 3 to judge FH or higher
02), if FH is not reached, the pump returns and continues pump operation. When the pressure rises to FH in step 302, the process branches to step 303 to perform output reduction (power down) processing. Here, the parameter Y is used because the operation related to the operation stop pressure operation is also performed.

If Y=1 is not found in step 303, the process branches to step 304, where X=X-1 (7) is subtracted. This is a power-down set. When the result of subtraction is determined to be less than 1 in step 305, full power operation is performed at the stop pressure, and the process moves to step 306, where X=5. Y=1 is set.

On the other hand, if the determination in step 301 is YES, the process branches to step 308, and the process of increasing the output (power up) is performed (step 308).
Immediately after processing the initial control (1), the pressure is F
Since L has not been reached, YES is determined as the first initial pressurization.
and exits from this subroutine. However, if the pressurization check subroutine is passed and the pressure does not rise above FL within the specified time, the motor output will be operated at full power, and if the pressure still does not rise above FL within the specified time, an abnormality will be handled. .

If the result of the determination of initial pressurization in step 307 is No, proceed to step 309.Next, this step 3
In 09, the parameters of W are used because the operation related to water leakage treatment is also performed.

If the determination in step 309 is not W=1, step 3
10, and the addition of X=X+1 is performed in step 310. This is the power-up set and the result of addition is 5.
If it is determined in step 311 that it is below, power-up operation is performed (go to return). If it is determined in step 311 that X exceeds 5, water leakage processing is performed (step 312)
In step 313, x=5°W=1
starts a timer using a counter in the RAM area in the instruction control unit 5 (step 314).
During normal operation, the timer should be set to about 60 minutes. Continue operation until time is up (Step 315)
If the motor does not recover from FL during this time, it is determined that there is an abnormality, the motor is stopped (step 316), and the abnormality processing subroutine processing is entered (step 317).

A detailed explanation of this process will be omitted.

Next, FIG. 11 will be explained. This is a drive processing subroutine for controlling the phase of the motor. Sorting is done in five stages depending on the value of X determined in the previous subroutine. In step 401, the value of X is first determined. When X=1 in step 401, data 111 is set in the RAM area in the instruction control unit 5 (step 402). These binary numbers are P22°P21. Output to each P2O boat. Furthermore, when the judgment result in step 401 is X=5, data 000 is set in the RAM area in the instruction control unit 5 (step 403). The first signal is output to the port (P22゜P21.P2O)
PUTIO, pulse transformer 9. It is transmitted and driven to the triac 8. If there is a change in the second (operation) process, the change is immediately processed in this subroutine and power control can be performed. still.

If it is determined in step 401 that 1<X<5, the process moves to step 404 and the value of X is determined. Step 404
If X=2, go to step 405.

If X=3 in step 404, the process proceeds to step 406, and if X=4 in step 404, the process proceeds to step 407.

Next, FIG. 12 will be explained. This is the power applied to the motor by the power control described above, which is indicated by diagonal lines. x=5 is 100%, X=3 is 80
%, and when X=1, the power is changed to about 50% to cope with load fluctuations.

In this embodiment, control using a pressure sensor in a weak current circuit when the pressure switch 1 is energized has been described.
This method is also effective for other temperature control.

Also, in this example, a double-pole, double-throw pressure switch was used to ensure safety against electrical leakage, but it is also possible to configure the circuit using a single-pole, single-throw pressure switch. There is no problem as long as it is within the range.

In this example, the change in time required per standard pressure width is Δt
The change in pressure per reference time was used as Δp and Δ
It is also possible to use it as F (frequency change width).

In the present invention, a PUT and a pulse transformer are used, but a UJT (junction, transistor) can be used as a substitute for the PUT, and a photo tri-hook can be used as a substitute for the pulse transformer, and phase control is possible with either method.

In this embodiment, the output of the motor was controlled by phase control, but it is also possible to control the output by continuously operating the alternating current that powers the motor (converter control), or by changing the frequency (inverter control).

Since this embodiment is configured as described above, (1) operation can be started and stopped using the pressure switch, so even when the pump is on standby, it will not run out of electricity unless it is turned on, making it safe and reliable. (2) A pressure sensor can detect pressure fluctuations caused by the amount of water used, etc., and determine pump operating conditions. (3) Pump motor phase There is an advantage that control is performed by the output of the instruction control section and operation can be performed under optimal output conditions.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, power consumption can be reduced when the amount of water used is small, and pulsation of water pressure can be reduced by expanding the pump operation range.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are circuit diagrams showing an embodiment of the pump device according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the characteristics of the pressure switch and the pressure sensor, and FIG. 4 is the relationship between the pressure sensor and the oscillation frequency. Figure 5 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the pump device, Figure 6 is a characteristic diagram that captures the performance at the initial stage of pump operation as a rate of change, and Figure 7 explains the operation to control pressure fluctuations during pump operation. FIGS. 8 to 11 are flowcharts for explaining the operation of the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the electric power applied to the motor. 1...Pressure switch, 5...Instruction control unit, 6...
Motor, 8... Triac, 9... Pulse transformer, 10... 81st prisoner 2nd eel 3rEU Ji 40 →L 6th prisoner

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A power switch consisting of a pressure switch that closes when the pressure in the pressure tank falls below the set power supply pressure and opens when it falls below the set operation stop pressure; A pressure sensor that can detect pressure including at least the operation start pressure in the operating range, and the pump is activated by closing the power switch and detects the change in pressure drop from the power supply pressure to the operation start pressure based on the signal from the pressure sensor. A pump device comprising a control means for determining the output of a motor and controlling its drive.