JPS63123546A - Method and device for forming long body of nonuniform section by forming - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize the forming of the long product of nonuniform section using no form by forging the long-sized blank whose both end parts are restrained by two manipulators in each section continuously in the longitudinal direction by the opposing die having the necessary die shape. CONSTITUTION:The upper die 55 and lower die 56 of a forging device 13 have the die shape corresponding to each section dividing a product in the longitudi nal direction, forging in order by dividing the blank 11 held by the clamping arm 14 of an manipulator 12 into the longitudinal direction. In the case, the blank 11 is forged with twisting it by the manipulator 12 with the longitudinal direction as (x) axis, the forging direction (y) axis and the direction at right angles with both axes (z) axis. This twisting restrains a root part N around each (y), (z) axial direction and each (x), (y) and (z) axes, restrains the other end side around each (y), (z) axial direction and each (y), (z) axes and the restraint around the (x) axis of the root part N is performed by giving in advance the twisting angle for the root part N of forging area. The forming of the long-sized product of nonuniform section using no form is thus realized.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a forming method and apparatus for forming by forging a long object with a variable cross section that has a twist and a cross-sectional shape that is vertically and horizontally asymmetric.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, the molding of long products with such complex shapes was
This is done by forging using a mold that can form the entire shape of a long product. A conventional molding method is shown in FIGS. 13 to 16. Of these, FIGS. 13 to 15 show the molding pattern of the material, and FIG. 16 shows the apparatus. The molding method will be explained. Figure 1; Figure 3 shows the basic material, Figure 14 shows the primary material before forging, and Figure 15 shows the shape after forging.6 The basic material in Figure 1 and Figure 3 also has a constant volume after forging. Based on the idea that , the shape that fills that volume is calculated. The primary material shape with a round cross section in Figure 14 is based on the idea that all the raw material flows in the width direction during forging because the product is long in the longitudinal direction, so the cross-sectional area in the width direction is the final product. The diameter of the round cross section is calculated using the same dimensions. This primary material having the shape shown in FIG. 14 is formed from the basic material shown in FIG. 13 by machining or forging. This molded primary material 1 is set in the lower mold 2 of the apparatus shown in FIG. 16, and the upper mold 4 is lowered by the drive device via the screw 3.
The primary rope material 1 is inserted into the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 2 and molded into the product shape shown in FIG. 15 along the molds. The device has a structure in which an upper mold 4 and a lower mold 2 are set in an overall frame 5 using a sliding part 6 as a guide, and the upper mold 4 is connected to a drive device 7 via a screw 3 so that it can be raised and lowered. It becomes. In the case of this conventional method and equipment, the forging process is performed using a complete mold, which requires a very large processing force, the cost of the mold to be made as an integral part is high, and it takes a long time to manufacture the mold. There is such a problem.

Another processing method is to sequentially add different upper dies to the workpiece, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11375/1981, but basically the total dies of the upper and lower dies are necessary and expensive. Furthermore, the processing force does not become so small because the upper mold ultimately comes into contact with the entire shape area of the long product.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

As explained above, the conventional technology has the problem that the processing force required for molding is large, and the shape of the mold is complicated, which takes many days to manufacture the mold and increases the cost of the mold.

[Means for solving problems]

The forging method of the present invention does not use a full die, but instead uses a die corresponding to each segment divided into a plurality of parts in the longitudinal direction of the long product. This division needs to be sufficiently small in the longitudinal direction, and therefore the number of divisions needs to be sufficiently large. The opposite type is used. Then, forging is performed for each section continuously in the longitudinal direction, and in this forging, dies of different shapes are used at locations where the cross section of the long product changes in the longitudinal direction. Constraining both ends of the raw material for long products is important in order to absorb the bending that occurs during forging and to provide a predetermined chamfer angle to each cross section. First, a description will be given assuming that the longitudinal direction is the X-axis direction, the forging direction is the y-axis direction, and the directions perpendicular to the X-axis direction and the y-axis direction are two-axis directions. The one end side is restrained in the y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, around the X-axis, around the X-axis, and around the X-axis. The other end side is restrained in the y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, around the X-axis, and around the X-axis. Among the constraints on the negative end side, the constraints around the X-axis are performed in order to give a predetermined torsion angle in the section to be forged. This torsion angle is determined to satisfy the torsion angle required for each cross section, and is given as the torsion angle with respect to the one end side.

The forging forming apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus used for carrying out the forging forming method. That is, the opposing molds each having a mold shape corresponding to each of the plurality of divisions in the longitudinal direction of the long product are composed of an upper mold and a lower mold.

The forging device having the mold is configured to be movable in the longitudinal direction, so that forging can be carried out in each section continuously in the longitudinal direction. Two manipulators are used to restrain both ends of the long product material. This manipulator has a clamp arm for clamping the end of a long product. One of the two clamp arms has a structure that allows it to be fixed at any rotation angle around the longitudinal axis, that is, around X@. The other clamp arm has a structure that allows it to freely rotate around the longitudinal axis, that is, around the X axis.

[Effect]

By using opposing dies (hereinafter referred to as sectional dies) that have a die shape corresponding to each section divided into multiple sections in the longitudinal direction of a long product, and by performing forging for each section continuously in the longitudinal direction, It does not require a total type like . When forging is performed using such a segmented die, long products with a cross-sectional shape that is asymmetrical vertically and horizontally tend to bend vertically (in the y-axis direction) or horizontally (in the biaxial direction) each time they are forged. . Furthermore, if a fixed twist is required for the entire long product, it is not possible to process the product successfully using only one section type. The above-mentioned problems regarding bending and twisting have been solved by devising restraints at both ends of the long product.

That is, vertical and horizontal bending is forcibly prevented by restraining the y-axis direction and the z-axis direction at both ends. Note that the X-axis direction is not restricted because material flow occurs. Further, the two ends around the X axis are also restrained at both ends. Regarding the X-axis, a torsion angle for one end is given in advance, and forging is performed in this given state.This causes the torsion angle to be given only to the section to be forged, due to a phenomenon called a so-called plastic joint. It will be done. That is,
This is because at the moment when forging is performed, the material in that section is in a yield state and has lost its elasticity against torsion. Note that the direction of forging is always constant,
For example, it is performed only in the vertical direction.

The X-axis bending on the other end side is not restricted, allowing the material to rotate freely during forging.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12. 2 to 6 show the change in shape from raw material to product, and FIG. 5 shows the shape of the final product manufactured by the present invention. The cross-sectional shape is asymmetrical, and has a twisted shape with respect to the root N in the longitudinal direction, for example, OL@ in the B section and θ2@ in the C section.

As for the forming method, first calculate the overall volume from the final product shape shown in Figure 5, and then create a round material (diameter medium, length L) with the shape shown in Figure 2.
Cut the basic material so that the volumes are the same at L). In this case, the basic material may have a round shape or a square shape.

This basic material is formed into the primary material shown in FIG. Molding is done using an upper die with flat contact areas.

Using the lower mold, the basic material is sandwiched between the upper mold and the lower mold to form a narrow mold with sufficient width in the longitudinal direction.

The primary material has a width Wo in the cross section of the final product in Figure 5,
It has the same width as Bo, has a height ho that includes the height dimension in the cross section of the final product, and has a rectangular cross section of WoXho (see the Ao*Co cross section in the figure). The amount obtained by subtracting the cross-sectional area of the product from this rectangular cross-section (the shaded area) entirely flows in the longitudinal direction during forging. Further, the length L2 is determined based on the principle of constant volume. The width and thickness of this primary material are as follows in the longitudinal direction: Wo −+Bo, ho→
If it changes to so, it is formed by connecting it in a straight line as a mesh.

Next, the secondary material shown in FIG. 4 is molded. This molding is
1! It is based on a mold (referred to as a segmented type) that has a mold shape that corresponds to each division divided into a plurality of parts in the longitudinal direction of the product. This segmented mold consists of an upper, lower and lower mold, and the length in the longitudinal direction is sufficiently small. Using this segmented die, the primary material is sandwiched between the sections to form the material. Once the forming of a certain cross-sectional position is completed, the position in the longitudinal direction is changed and each section is successively formed. If the cross section changes drastically in the longitudinal direction, replace the mold. Otherwise, the same mold can be used for molding by controlling the stroke positions of the upper and lower molds. At this time, since the cross-sectional shape of the product is asymmetrical, bending occurs in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) and left-right direction (biaxial direction), but this can be prevented by restraining the mold itself and bending both ends of the secondary material in the y-axis direction. This is prevented by constraint in the z-axis direction.

Next, the final product shown in Fig. 5 is molded. In Fig. 4, a finishing allowance of 1 to 2 + s + w is left for the final molded dimensions. In the molding shown in Fig. 5, the root part N is used as a reference. Consider, for example, in the longitudinal direction B cross section, the torsion angle θ
If 1 is required, rotate the entire secondary material to 01, and in this state, set the upper and lower molds at the processing section and Bz cross section so that they are at the rotational position of 0'' with respect to the root N. , forge-form.At this time, the secondary material is used for the finishing allowance (hl-h
o, SrSo), the material becomes in a yield state. In this yield state, the torsion is applied at the torsion angle 01, so that the torsion is formed by a small torsional force. At this time, no twist is formed in the other sections that are not in the yield state, and the required twist angle in the cross section can be accurately formed. Note that the fact that the downward stress in the vertical direction creates a yield state also with respect to movement in the torsional direction (around the X axis) can be easily explained using the Mises yield condition equation. First, a microcube of material in the section where forging will be performed is taken out and stressed as shown in Figure 6.

At this time, the conditions for material yield are expressed by the following formula.

(σX-σy)"+(σy-σz)"+(σ2-σx)
z+6 (τyz”+ f 2X”+ τxy”)=
2 Y'' where Y is the tensile yield stress.

As can be seen from this equation, if the working force due to forging in the vertical direction, that is, the stress σy, becomes sufficiently large, a yield state of the material can be obtained even if τxyHτ,2, which is related to the torsional force, is small. This state in which the material loses resistance to processing forces such as torsion in the section where forging is performed is called a plastic joint.

By continuously performing the forging process using this segmented die in the longitudinal position, an accurate twisted shape is given to the entire item A. At this time, although the amount of finishing allowance achieved by forging is small, since the cross section is asymmetrical, bending occurs as in the case of FIG. 4. Therefore, the secondary material is restrained and prevented from bending, and at the same time, rotation around the X axis is made free so that the tip of the secondary material can rotate during molding with the upper and lower molds.

Next, an example of an apparatus for carrying out this processing method will be explained. Although FIG. 1 shows an overall view, the device configuration includes manipulators 12 for handling the material 11 on the left and right sides, and a forging bag [13 for forming the material 11] between them.

The left and right manipulators 12 are approximately the same, and the seventh
Details are shown in the figure and FIG. The manipulator 12 is
Axial direction.

It has a clamp arm 14 that can move in the y-axis direction and around the Z-axis.

First, the structure of the clamp arm 14 that clamps the material is as follows.
The clamp abutting portion 15 is connected to a clamp arm 14 via a pin 16, the clamp arm 14 is connected to a clamp shaft 18 through a pin 17, and the clamp shaft 18 is connected to a clamp cylinder 19. Further, the position of the clamp arm 14 is determined by a pin 20, and the pin 2o is fixed to the face plate 21. The face plate 21 is supported by a frame 23 with a cushion material 22 in between.

The clamp shaft 18 can move in the X-axis direction using the bush 24 as a guide, and the coaxial force is also transmitted to the material via the key 25.

Rotation around the X-axis is achieved by coaxially coaxially rotating the entire clamp shaft 18 and rotation shaft 26, and is performed by a rotation motor 27 via gears 28 and 28'.

The rotation of the rotating shaft 26 is transmitted to the clamp shaft 1 through the bushing 24.
It is transmitted to the 82-sided plate 21 and rotates the clamp arm 14. Further, the rotating shaft 26 is held by a frame 31 via a bearing 30.

Movement in the y-axis direction moves the clamp shaft 18, rotation shaft 26, and frame 31 as a whole. The frame 31 is guided by the sliding surface 34 and moved in the y-axis direction by the moving motor 32 via the moving shaft 33.

Furthermore, movement in the Z-axis direction is achieved by moving the entire manipulator, and the drive shaft 36 is moved by the drive motor 35.
The saddle 37 is moved through.

A sliding surface is attached to the saddle 37 and moves on a pedestal 38.

Movement in the X-axis direction is to move the entire manipulator, and is performed by moving the pedestal 38 via the drive shaft 40 using the sliding surface as a guide by the drive cylinder 39. It is installed.

Next, the configuration of the forging machine will be explained with reference to FIG. 9. Inside the overall frame 50, an upper die drive cylinder 51 and a lower die drive cylinder 52 are attached via flanges 53 and 54, and their tips are respectively attached. Upper mold 55. The lower die 56 is attached. Moreover, each mold is structured to be able to move up and down using a sliding plate 57 as a guide. Further, a guide member 58 that can be moved separately in the left and right direction near the upper mold and the lower mold is installed on the side of the overall frame 50, and a drive cylinder 59 is provided.
It is installed at the tip of the.

To explain the operation with reference to Figures 10 to 12, first, the basic material (Figure 2) is set on the left and right manipulators,
Clamping is performed by the clamp arm 14 using the clamp cylinder 19. At this time, the end surface of the basic material is clamped by the stopper 1.
8' for positioning. In this state, the first
Using molds with flat contact surfaces as shown in Figure 0 for the upper and lower parts, a round shape is molded into a predetermined rectangular shape. This allows the same molding device to be used for pre-processing as well. At this time, the basic material is rotated 90 degrees to form a rectangular shape because it is formed from two directions, top and bottom. Also, if the cross section becomes tapered, the drive cylinder 32 etc. can control the arbitrary position. This upper type is a function that allows
By communicating the positioning of the lower die, the tapered shape is formed.

Furthermore, although the material flows in the longitudinal direction during forging, this impact force is alleviated by the damper 22. By changing the position of the material in the longitudinal direction using this method, the first material (Fig. 3) is formed by sequentially performing forming while changing the forging position. At this time, when molding the part clamped by the manipulator, the manipulator is unclamped and the clamped part is molded.

Next, a secondary material (Fig. 4) is produced from the primary material. At that time, molding is performed using a mold with a shape that matches the cross-sectional shape of the product in each category. In this case, the basic processing method is the same as the molding of the primary material described above, but the difference is that As shown in the figure, the cross section to be molded is asymmetric cross-sectional molding. In order to prevent the bending caused by this, as shown in FIG. The manipulator provided restricts deformation and produces a straight product. However, the molding in this case is performed with a finishing allowance of 1 to 2 mm left over from the final product shape.

Next, the process of molding the final product (FIG. 5) will be explained. In this case, with the root N as a reference, if a 01° twist is required at any position in the longitudinal direction, for example at cross section B, the root N is rotated 01° by the rotation motor 27 via the gears 28 and 28'. let The state of the manipulator in this state is shown in FIG.

Furthermore, the forging sections before forging at this time are shown in FIG. With the secondary material rotated by θ1°, the upper mold 55 of the forging section
The lower mold 56 is set at 0° (horizontal state),
In this state, it is forged.

The forming state is shown in Fig. 12. This part is in a 0° state, and this part is in a yield state by the 6 forging parts that twist θ1° with respect to the reference position, so it is easy to Molding is performed instead.

Here, the movements of the manipulator in the y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, and around the This method has the advantage that it is possible to form a long product having a cross section that changes arbitrarily and an arbitrary twist shape depending on the apparatus.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, a mold divided into a plurality of parts in the longitudinal direction (segmented mold) can be used, the processing force for forging can be sufficiently reduced, and the equipment cost of the forging device can be reduced. Further, since a segmented mold is used, the mold shape can be simplified, and therefore the man-hours for manufacturing the mold and the cost of the mold can be reduced. Regarding the mold shape, in the case of a complete mold, even if only the torsion shape changes, the mold must be remanufactured.6 With the present invention, the mold can be controlled by the rotation angle of the manipulator, so it is possible to keep the mold the same. Become. Furthermore, in the case of a full mold having a twisted shape, the distribution of processing force becomes uneven and the mold life is extremely shortened, but in the present invention, the segmented mold receives the processing force uniformly, so the mold life is long.

Furthermore, the present invention has the advantage that the same equipment can be used to process everything from basic materials to final products, thereby improving work efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an overall front view of a molding device used in carrying out the embodiment shown in Figs. Figure 6 is a diagram showing the stress acting on a microcube in the material undergoing forging processing, Figure 7 is an enlarged front view of the manipulator in Figure 6, and Figure 8 is a diagram showing how the shape changes. 7 is a side view, FIG. 9 is a side view of the forging device shown in FIG. 6, and FIGS. 10 to 12 are diagrams showing how the cross section of the material changes with the forging device shown in FIG. Figures 13 to 15 are diagrams showing how the shape of the material changes using the conventional method;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a conventional molding device. 11...Material, 12...Manipulator, 13...
- Forging device, 14... Clamp arm, 55... Upper die, 56... Lower die, 58... Guide member.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for forming a long product by forging, the cross-sectional shape of which changes in the longitudinal direction, the cross-sectional shape is asymmetrical in the vertical and horizontal directions, and has twist throughout the product, comprising: Using opposing dies with mold shapes corresponding to each divided section, forging is performed for each section continuously in the longitudinal direction, and both ends of the material of the long product are restrained with the longitudinal direction as the x-axis direction. The forging process direction is the y direction, and the direction perpendicular to the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction is the z-axis direction, and one end is restrained in the y-axis direction, z-axis direction, around the x-axis, around the y-axis, and around the z-axis, and the other end is A long article with a variable cross section, characterized in that it is constrained in the axial direction, the z-axis, the y-axis, the z-axis, and the constraint around the x-axis on the one end side is performed by giving a torsion angle in advance to the one end side in the section to be forged. Forging method. 2. In claim 1, the material is subjected to pre-processing, and this pre-processing involves first molding a square-shaped first material, and then molding the mold according to claim 1. A forging method for a long article with a variable cross section, using the same mold, leaving a predetermined finishing allowance in the y-axis direction, and constraining one end around the x-axis without giving a torsion angle. 3. The method for forging and forming a long article with a variable cross-section according to claim 2, wherein the rectangular shape of the primary material has a dimension in the z-axis direction, that is, a width dimension that is the same as the width dimension of the product. 4. In a device that uses forging to form a long product whose cross-sectional shape changes in the longitudinal direction, the cross-sectional shape is asymmetrical in the vertical and horizontal directions, and has twist throughout, it is compatible with each division of the long product divided into multiple parts in the longitudinal direction. A forging device that forges each section by moving in the longitudinal direction, and two manipulators that have clamp arms that clamp both ends of a long product. A forging and forming apparatus for a long object with a variable cross section, in which one of the two clamp arms is fixed at an arbitrary rotation angle around the longitudinal axis, and the other is freely rotatable around the longitudinal axis. 5. In claim 4, the forging device is a forging device for forging long objects with variable cross-sections, which has guide members near the upper and lower dies that come into contact with the long objects to prevent them from bending in the left-right direction. 6. The forging forming apparatus for a variable cross-section elongated article according to claim 4, wherein the clamp arm has a damper made of an elastic material that functions in the longitudinal direction, vertical direction, and left/right direction of the elongated article.