JPS63119954A - Ultrasonic oscillating mold for continuous casting - Google Patents
Ultrasonic oscillating mold for continuous castingInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63119954A JPS63119954A JP26579686A JP26579686A JPS63119954A JP S63119954 A JPS63119954 A JP S63119954A JP 26579686 A JP26579686 A JP 26579686A JP 26579686 A JP26579686 A JP 26579686A JP S63119954 A JPS63119954 A JP S63119954A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mold body
- cooling water
- continuous casting
- protecting layer
- protective layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- QDWJUBJKEHXSMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynenickel Chemical compound [Ni]#B QDWJUBJKEHXSMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 9
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/053—Means for oscillating the moulds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は連続鋳造過程で鋳型と溶鋼との焼着きを防止す
るため、鋳型本体を超音波を用いて振動させるようにし
た連続鋳造用超音波振動鋳型に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an ultrasonic mold for continuous casting in which the mold body is vibrated using ultrasonic waves in order to prevent the mold from sticking to the molten steel during the continuous casting process. This invention relates to sonic vibration molds.
一般にこの種の鋳型本体は内部に冷却水室を備えた中空
矩形又は円形の環状に形成されているが、このような鋳
型本体に対する超音波振動の付加手段は鋳型本体の外周
壁を貫通させて振動伝達棒の先端を内周壁の外周面、即
ち冷却水室内面であってメニスカス位置と略対応する部
分に連結すると共に、この振動伝達棒の基端に超音波振
動装置を取り付けて構成してあり、超音波振動装置の振
動を振動伝達棒を介して鋳型本体の内周壁に伝達し、鋳
型本体を所定の振幅で振動させるようにしである(特開
昭56−11155号、特開昭54−96431号、特
開昭57−58954号、特開昭57−62842号)
。Generally, this type of mold body is formed into a hollow rectangular or circular ring shape with a cooling water chamber inside, but the means for applying ultrasonic vibration to the mold body is by penetrating the outer peripheral wall of the mold body. The tip of the vibration transmission rod is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral wall, that is, the inner surface of the cooling water chamber, at a portion approximately corresponding to the meniscus position, and an ultrasonic vibration device is attached to the base end of this vibration transmission rod. The vibration of the ultrasonic vibration device is transmitted to the inner peripheral wall of the mold body through a vibration transmission rod, and the mold body is vibrated with a predetermined amplitude (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 56-11155 and 1983). -96431, JP-A-57-58954, JP-A-57-62842)
.
しかしこのような構成では冷却水室内に水を通流させつ
つ超音波振動をさせた場合、冷却水室の内周面に溝状、
或いは穴状の侵食が発生し、特に振動、振幅の大きい部
分では浸食部分の数、程度ともに大きく鋳型本体の破壊
を招く虞れがあった。However, in such a configuration, when ultrasonic vibration is caused while water is flowing through the cooling water chamber, grooves and grooves are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cooling water chamber.
Alternatively, hole-like erosion may occur, and especially in areas where vibration and amplitude are large, the number and degree of erosion may be large, potentially leading to destruction of the mold body.
このような侵食の原因は冷却水中に発生したキャビテー
ション、即ち、冷却水中に負圧が生じて水中に空孔が発
生しこの空孔が振動し、圧壊されるとき衝撃波が発生し
、空孔に接した鋳型本体の冷却水室の内周壁面が侵食さ
れる現象によることと考えられる。The cause of this kind of erosion is cavitation that occurs in the cooling water. In other words, negative pressure is generated in the cooling water, pores are generated in the water, and when these pores vibrate and are crushed, shock waves are generated and the pores are crushed. This is thought to be due to a phenomenon in which the inner circumferential wall surface of the cooling water chamber of the mold body in contact with the mold body erodes.
そこでこのようなキャビテーションによる侵食を防止す
る手段として、従来にあっては特にキャビテーションの
発生し易い場所、例えば冷却水室の幅が狭くなっている
部分の内周壁に4z青銅。Therefore, as a means to prevent such erosion due to cavitation, conventionally, 4Z bronze was applied to the inner peripheral wall of the area where cavitation is particularly likely to occur, such as the narrow part of the cooling water chamber.
Mn青銅、 Be青銅、或いは炭素鋼2合金鋼等の如き
キャビテーションに対する耐食性に優れた金属板を溶接
する方法(特開昭59−197348号)、或いは冷却
水室内にその内、外周壁面間にわたってり7シツン材と
してポリウレタン、ゴム等を充填介在させる方法(特開
昭59−197351号)等が採用されている。A method of welding a metal plate with excellent corrosion resistance against cavitation such as Mn bronze, Be bronze, or carbon steel 2 alloy steel (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 197348/1983), or a method of welding a metal plate with excellent corrosion resistance against cavitation, such as Mn bronze, Be bronze, or carbon steel 2 alloy steel, or a method of welding a metal plate with excellent corrosion resistance against cavitation, such as Mn bronze, Be bronze, or carbon steel 2 alloy steel. 7. A method of filling and interposing polyurethane, rubber, etc. as a material (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 197351/1983) has been adopted.
しかしこのような従来の手段にあっては保護部材を溶接
等にて固定するため取り付は作業自体に多くの手間を要
し、特にビレフト材等を鋳造するときに用いる円形の環
状鋳型本体の場合、その取り付は加工が非常に困難であ
るという問題があり、またポリウレタン等を用いる方法
は耐久性、耐熱性が小さく保守点検が煩わしいという問
題があった。However, with such conventional means, the protective member is fixed by welding, etc., and the installation itself requires a lot of effort, especially when it comes to the circular annular mold body used when casting billet materials etc. In this case, there is a problem in that it is extremely difficult to process for installation, and methods using polyurethane or the like have low durability and heat resistance, making maintenance and inspection troublesome.
本発明はかかる事情に鑑みなされたものであって、その
目的とするところは耐キャビテーション侵食性に優れた
保護層を必要個所に対し容易、且つ迅速に形成し得るよ
うにした連続鋳造用超音波振動鋳型を提供するにある。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide an ultrasonic casting method for continuous casting that allows a protective layer with excellent cavitation erosion resistance to be easily and quickly formed at necessary locations. To provide vibration molds.
C問題点を解決するための手段〕
本発明にあっては保護層を鋳型本体の材料よりも硬度の
高い材料をメッキすることによって形成する。Means for Solving Problem C] In the present invention, the protective layer is formed by plating a material harder than the material of the mold body.
本発明にあってはこれによって保護層を必要とする対象
部の広、狭、表面性状の如何にかかわらず、均一な保護
材の形成が可能となる。According to the present invention, it is possible to form a uniform protective material regardless of whether the target area requiring a protective layer is wide or narrow, or has a surface texture.
以下本発明をその実施例を示す図面に基づき具体的に説
明する。第1図は本発明に係る連続鋳造用超音波振動鋳
型(以下本発明品という)の模式的断面図であり、図中
1は鋳型本体、2は振動伝達棒、3は超音波振動装置、
4は浸漬ノズルを示している。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be specifically described below based on drawings showing embodiments thereof. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic vibration mold for continuous casting according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the product of the present invention), in which 1 is a mold body, 2 is a vibration transmission rod, 3 is an ultrasonic vibration device,
4 indicates a submerged nozzle.
鋳型本体1は内部に冷却水室1aを備えた中空の環状に
形成されており、その内側には浸漬ノズル4を通じて溶
融金属5が注入され、鋳型本体1内を下降する過程で鋳
型本体lとの熱交換により冷却されて凝固シェル6を形
成し、鋳片7となってロールガング8により下方に連続
的に引抜かれてゆくようになっている。The mold body 1 is formed into a hollow annular shape with a cooling water chamber 1a inside. Molten metal 5 is injected into the inside of the mold body through an immersion nozzle 4, and in the process of descending inside the mold body 1, it is mixed with the mold body l. It is cooled by heat exchange to form a solidified shell 6, which becomes a slab 7 and is continuously drawn downward by a roll gang 8.
振動伝達402は金B製で棒状に形成され、端条部を備
えたその先端部は鋳型本体1の周方向の複数位置で夫々
鋳型本体1の外周壁に穿った孔1bに0リング10等に
て水田状態に貫通させ、冷却水通流用の空間である冷却
水室1aに面する内周壁であって、メニスカス位置と対
応する部分、又はその近傍の内周壁に形成した螺条孔に
螺合連結せしめてあり、また基端部には超音波振動装置
3が装着され、該超音波振動装置3の振動を振動伝達棒
2を介して鋳型本体1の内周壁に伝達し、鋳型本体1の
内周壁を壁面と直交する向きに振動させるようになって
いる。The vibration transmission 402 is made of gold B and is formed into a bar shape, and its tip end with an end strip is inserted into the hole 1b drilled in the outer peripheral wall of the mold body 1 at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction of the mold body 1, respectively. A screw hole is inserted into the inner peripheral wall facing the cooling water chamber 1a, which is a space for cooling water circulation, and formed in the inner peripheral wall at a portion corresponding to the meniscus position or in the vicinity thereof. The ultrasonic vibrating device 3 is attached to the base end, and the vibration of the ultrasonic vibrating device 3 is transmitted to the inner circumferential wall of the mold body 1 via the vibration transmission rod 2. The inner circumferential wall of the wall is vibrated in a direction perpendicular to the wall surface.
そして本発明品にあっては振動伝達棒2の先端部が固定
されている鋳型本体工の内周壁の外面、即ち冷却水室1
aに面する部分に、前記振動伝達棒2の先端部の連結位
置を中心にして上、下方向に所要の範囲で全周にわたっ
て保護Ni0がメッキによって所要厚さく10μm以上
)に付着形成しである。保護層10としては鋳型本体1
として通常用いられる銅の硬度(ビッカース硬度、以下
同じ)より高い材料、かつ、銅との密着性の良い材料例
えばニッケルーボロン(Ni : 93〜95%、B:
5〜7%)、ニッケル−ボン(Ni : 90〜92%
、P:8〜10%)等が用いられる。In the product of the present invention, the outer surface of the inner peripheral wall of the mold body to which the tip of the vibration transmission rod 2 is fixed, that is, the cooling water chamber 1
On the part facing a, protective Ni0 is deposited to a required thickness of 10 μm or more by plating over the entire circumference in the required range upwards and downwards centering on the connecting position of the tip of the vibration transmitting rod 2. be. The mold body 1 serves as the protective layer 10.
Materials that have a hardness higher than that of copper (Vickers hardness, the same applies hereinafter) and that have good adhesion to copper, such as nickel-boron (Ni: 93-95%, B:
5-7%), nickel-bond (Ni: 90-92%)
, P: 8-10%), etc. are used.
ちなみに特開昭59−197348号で示されているI
n’青銅の硬度は100〜150 、Be青銅等の鋳型
本体1の硬度は400〜500程度であるのに対し、前
記ニッケルーボロンは975〜1075、ニッケルーリ
ンは1100程度である。By the way, I shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-197348
The hardness of n' bronze is about 100-150, and the hardness of the mold body 1 made of Be bronze is about 400-500, while the hardness of nickel-boron is about 975-1075 and that of nickel-phosphorus is about 1100.
保護層IOの厚さはキャビテーションに対する充分な耐
侵食性を得る必要上10μm以上必要であり、また厚さ
の上限は通常メッキによって形成可能な範囲であればよ
いが、通常は1fi程度あれば強度的には十分である。The thickness of the protective layer IO needs to be 10 μm or more in order to obtain sufficient erosion resistance against cavitation, and the upper limit of the thickness is within the range that can be formed by normal plating, but usually about 1 fi is sufficient for strength. It is sufficient for the purpose.
次に本発明品と比較例とについての比較試験結果を示す
。本発明品の試料はCu (硬度: 100)製の第1
図に示す如き鋳型本体(内径:320n、長さ:900
mm、肉厚: 15fi)の冷却水室の内壁面の2個所
に振動伝達棒を連結すると共に、この振動伝達棒の連結
位置を含む上、下所要の範囲で周方向の全面にわたって
各種金属をメッキして保護層を形成した後、このような
各鋳型本体に超音波付加部分に対して25〜30μm、
メニスカス位置と対応する位置を含むその上、下に20
0nにわたる部分に対して約5μm以上の振幅となるよ
う振動を加えつつビレツトの鋳造を行った後、耐キャビ
テーション侵食性を調べた。なお、比較例についても試
験条件は同じとした。結果は表1に示すとおりである。Next, comparative test results for the product of the present invention and a comparative example will be shown. The sample of the product of the present invention is the first one made of Cu (hardness: 100).
The mold body as shown in the figure (inner diameter: 320n, length: 900m)
A vibration transmission rod is connected to two locations on the inner wall surface of the cooling water chamber (mm, wall thickness: 15fi), and various metals are coated over the entire circumferential surface in the required range above and below, including the connection position of the vibration transmission rod. After plating to form a protective layer, each mold body has a thickness of 25 to 30 μm relative to the ultrasonic application area.
20 above and below, including the position corresponding to the meniscus position.
After casting a billet while applying vibration to the portion extending over 0 nm with an amplitude of about 5 μm or more, the cavitation erosion resistance was examined. Note that the test conditions were the same for the comparative examples. The results are shown in Table 1.
表1から明らかなように保護層として比較的硬度の大き
い金属をメッキした本発明品の場合は数ケ月の連続した
鋳造を行ったが、何らの侵食も見られず、耐侵食性に良
好な結果が得られた。As is clear from Table 1, the product of the present invention, which is plated with a relatively hard metal as a protective layer, was continuously cast for several months, but no corrosion was observed and the product had good corrosion resistance. The results were obtained.
なお比較例として示した保護層を設けない場合は鋳込延
べ時間約100時間で超音波付加部周辺に数10ケ所に
わたり幅0.5〜1fi、深さ0.5〜1.0鶴の点状
、スジ状の侵食が認められた。In addition, when the protective layer shown as a comparative example is not provided, the total casting time is about 100 hours, and several tens of points with a width of 0.5 to 1 fi and a depth of 0.5 to 1.0 mm are formed around the ultrasonic application area. Erosion in the form of stripes and stripes was observed.
また保護層を単なるNiメッキによって構成した場合も
同じく鋳込延べ時間約100時間で硬度不足に因ると考
えられる侵食が数ケ所に確認された。In addition, when the protective layer was simply formed of Ni plating, corrosion was observed in several places after a total casting time of about 100 hours, which was thought to be caused by insufficient hardness.
(以下余白)
表 1
〔効果〕
以上の如く本発明品にあっては、保護層をメッキによっ
て冷却水通流用空間の周壁面に形成することとしている
から、保護層の形成が極めて容易、且つ迅速に行うこと
が出来、保護層形成のための作業性に優れ、形成対象部
分の広、狭、表面の性状等に煩わされることなく、所要
厚さに形成し得て高い信頼性が得られるなど本発明は優
れた効果を奏するものである。(The following is a blank space) Table 1 [Effects] As described above, in the product of the present invention, since the protective layer is formed on the peripheral wall surface of the cooling water flow space by plating, it is extremely easy to form the protective layer. It can be performed quickly, has excellent workability for forming a protective layer, and can be formed to the required thickness without worrying about the width or narrowness of the area to be formed or the surface properties, resulting in high reliability. The present invention has excellent effects such as:
第1図は本発明品の使用態様を示す模式的断面図、第2
図は部分拡大図である。
1・・・鋳型本体 1a・・・冷却水室 1b・・・孔
1c・・・0リング 2・・・振動伝達棒 3・・・超
音波振動装置 4・・・浸漬ノズル 5・・・溶融金属
6・・・凝固シェル 7・・・鋳片 8・・・ロールガ
ング10・・・保護層
特 許 出願人 住友金属工業株式会社代理人 弁理
士 河 野 登 夫菟 1 図
第 2 図Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the product of the present invention is used;
The figure is a partially enlarged view. 1... Mold body 1a... Cooling water chamber 1b... Hole 1c... 0 ring 2... Vibration transmission rod 3... Ultrasonic vibration device 4... Immersion nozzle 5... Melting Metal 6... Solidified shell 7... Slab 8... Rollgang 10... Protective layer patent Applicant Sumitomo Metal Industries Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney Noboru Kono 1 Figure 2
Claims (1)
通流用の空間に面する壁面に、鋳型本体の材質よりも硬
度の高い材料をメッキして耐キャビテーション侵食用の
保護層を形成したことを特徴とする連続鋳造用超音波振
動鋳型。 2、前記保護層はNi−B合金(Ni:93〜95%、
B:5〜7%)を材料とし、10μm〜1mmの厚さに
形成されている特許請求の範囲第1項記載の連続鋳造用
超音波振動鋳型。 3、前記保護層はNi−P合金(Ni:90〜92%、
P:8〜10%)を材料とし、10μm〜1mmの厚さ
に形成されている特許請求の範囲第1項記載の連続鋳造
用超音波振動鋳型。[Claims] 1. The wall surface facing the space for cooling water flow inside the mold body equipped with means for applying ultrasonic vibration is plated with a material harder than the material of the mold body to prevent cavitation erosion. An ultrasonic vibration mold for continuous casting, characterized by forming a protective layer for continuous casting. 2. The protective layer is made of Ni-B alloy (Ni: 93-95%,
The ultrasonic vibration mold for continuous casting according to claim 1, which is made of B:5 to 7%) and formed to have a thickness of 10 μm to 1 mm. 3. The protective layer is made of Ni-P alloy (Ni: 90-92%,
The ultrasonic vibration mold for continuous casting according to claim 1, which is made of P: 8 to 10%) and formed to have a thickness of 10 μm to 1 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP26579686A JPS63119954A (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Ultrasonic oscillating mold for continuous casting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP26579686A JPS63119954A (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Ultrasonic oscillating mold for continuous casting |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS63119954A true JPS63119954A (en) | 1988-05-24 |
Family
ID=17422155
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP26579686A Pending JPS63119954A (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1986-11-07 | Ultrasonic oscillating mold for continuous casting |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS63119954A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6438138U (en) * | 1987-08-29 | 1989-03-07 | ||
EP0911095B2 (en) † | 1997-10-25 | 2010-07-21 | KM Europa Metal Aktiengesellschaft | Mould for continuous casting machine |
-
1986
- 1986-11-07 JP JP26579686A patent/JPS63119954A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6438138U (en) * | 1987-08-29 | 1989-03-07 | ||
JPH0415396Y2 (en) * | 1987-08-29 | 1992-04-07 | ||
EP0911095B2 (en) † | 1997-10-25 | 2010-07-21 | KM Europa Metal Aktiengesellschaft | Mould for continuous casting machine |
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