JPS631144B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS631144B2 JPS631144B2 JP18326380A JP18326380A JPS631144B2 JP S631144 B2 JPS631144 B2 JP S631144B2 JP 18326380 A JP18326380 A JP 18326380A JP 18326380 A JP18326380 A JP 18326380A JP S631144 B2 JPS631144 B2 JP S631144B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- molding sand
- flask
- model
- refrigerant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
- B22C9/126—Hardening by freezing
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は液体窒素等の冷媒を吹き付けて冷却し
た金型模型箱内に適量の水を含有した鋳物砂を充
填し該鋳物砂を凍結させて硬化させるようにした
鋳型造型方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a mold in which foundry sand containing an appropriate amount of water is filled in a mold box cooled by spraying a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen, and the foundry sand is frozen and hardened. Regarding the molding method.
近年、適量の水を含有した鋳物砂を模型箱内に
充填圧縮して所要の形状にし、これを該模型箱か
ら分離したあと、液体窒素等の冷媒を吹き付け該
鋳物砂中の水を凝固させて硬化させるようにした
鋳型造型方法がある。しかし、この鋳型造型方法
によると、模型箱内に圧縮充填した鋳物砂を模型
箱と分離したあと、液体窒素等の冷媒を吹き付け
て凍結硬化するため、該鋳物砂を模型箱から取り
出す際、損傷したり、歪を生じるため、慎重なハ
ンドリングが必要であると共にハンドリングに耐
え得る強度を保つように粘結剤を添加しなければ
ならないなどいろいろ問題があつた。 In recent years, molding sand containing an appropriate amount of water has been packed into a model box and compressed into the desired shape, separated from the model box, and then sprayed with a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen to solidify the water in the molding sand. There is a mold making method in which the mold is hardened. However, according to this mold making method, the molding sand compressed and packed into the model box is separated from the model box and then sprayed with a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen to freeze and harden it. There were various problems, such as the need for careful handling and the addition of a binder to maintain the strength to withstand handling as the material would bend or become distorted.
本発明はこれらの問題点に鑑みて成されたもの
であつて、粘結剤を添加しないくとも、容易に鋳
型を造型できる鋳型造型方法を提供することを目
的とするものである。以下に、本発明の構成を実
施例に基づいて説明する。１は昇降自在なテーブ
ルで、該テーブル１上面には、上端部に鋳物砂供
給口２ａを備えた垂直二つ割の金型模型箱２が載
置されており、該金型模型箱２内におけるキヤビ
テイ面の側部及び底部には、それぞれ外気に連通
して通気孔３が穿設され該通気孔３にはキヤビテ
イ面と同一面上にベントプラグ４が埋設されてい
る。５は金型模型箱２の外側面に配設された液体
窒素導入管で、該液体窒素導入管５は金型模型箱
２の外側面に突設した支持部材６を介して支持さ
れ、金型模型箱２に対向した側面にはノズル７が
略等間隔を保つて突設されると共に、一端を液体
窒素タンク（図示せず）に連通接続されて設けら
れている。８はテーブル１の対向上方に固設され
て下端部に鋳物砂吹込口８ａを備えたブローイン
グヘツドで、該ブローイングヘツド８の内部に
は、適量の水を含有した鋳物砂９が貯溜されてい
る。このように構成されたものは、第１図に示す
如く、金型模型箱２がテーブル１とブローイング
ヘツド８の間に挾持されノズル７から液体窒素が
金型模型箱２の外表面に噴射されて該金型模型箱
２が一定温度まで冷却されると、ブローイングヘ
ツド８内には、圧縮空気が供給され適量の水分を
含有した鋳物砂９が鋳物砂吹込口８ａ及び供給口
２ａを介して金型模型箱２のキヤビテイ内に吹き
込まれ、該金型模型箱２のキヤビテイ内は鋳物砂
で充填される。一方、圧縮空気はベントプラグ４
及び通気孔３を介して外方に排出される。ブロー
イング完了後、テーブル１を下降して金型模型箱
２をブローイングヘツド８下面から離し、この状
態で所定時間鋳物砂を該金型模型箱２内に保持す
る。すると、該金型模型箱２内に保持された鋳物
砂は表面が硬化し、ハンドリングに耐え得るに必
要な強度となる。次いで、図示されないクランプ
装置を解除して金型模型箱２を開いて金型模型箱
２から鋳型を取り出し、その後該鋳型を冷凍室内
に入れて内部まで硬化させて凍結鋳型とし注湯を
行うものである。以下に、これらの実験結果を下
記に示す。先ず、金型温度をいろいろ変えた場合
について、実験１乃至実験３に示す。 The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a mold making method that allows molds to be easily made without adding a binder. The configuration of the present invention will be explained below based on examples. Reference numeral 1 designates a table that can be raised and lowered, and on the top surface of the table 1, a vertically divided mold model box 2 with a molding sand supply port 2a at the upper end is placed. Ventilation holes 3 are formed in the sides and bottom of the cavity surface, respectively, to communicate with the outside air, and a vent plug 4 is embedded in the ventilation holes 3 on the same plane as the cavity surface. Reference numeral 5 denotes a liquid nitrogen introduction pipe arranged on the outer surface of the mold model box 2. The liquid nitrogen introduction pipe 5 is supported via a support member 6 protruding from the outer surface of the mold model box 2. Nozzles 7 are protruded from the side facing the model box 2 at approximately equal intervals, and one end is connected to a liquid nitrogen tank (not shown). A blowing head 8 is fixedly installed above the table 1 and has a molding sand inlet 8a at its lower end. Inside the blowing head 8, molding sand 9 containing an appropriate amount of water is stored. . In this structure, as shown in FIG. 1, a mold model box 2 is held between a table 1 and a blowing head 8, and liquid nitrogen is injected from a nozzle 7 onto the outer surface of the mold model box 2. When the mold model box 2 is cooled to a certain temperature, compressed air is supplied into the blowing head 8, and molding sand 9 containing an appropriate amount of moisture is passed through the molding sand blowing port 8a and the supply port 2a. The sand is blown into the cavity of the mold model box 2, and the cavity of the mold model box 2 is filled with molding sand. On the other hand, compressed air is vent plug 4
and is discharged to the outside through the ventilation hole 3. After the blowing is completed, the table 1 is lowered to separate the mold model box 2 from the lower surface of the blowing head 8, and in this state the molding sand is held in the mold model box 2 for a predetermined period of time. Then, the surface of the molding sand held in the mold model box 2 is hardened and has the necessary strength to withstand handling. Next, the clamping device (not shown) is released, the mold model box 2 is opened, the mold is taken out from the mold model box 2, and the mold is then placed in a freezing chamber to be hardened to the inside to be used as a frozen mold and molten metal is poured. It is. The results of these experiments are shown below. First, Experiments 1 to 3 show cases in which the mold temperature was varied.
（実験 １）
金型模型箱２のキヤビテイ形状を50〓×150〓と
し、これに水分を３％添加したフラタリーサンド
を、金型温度を−10℃に冷却した状態で充填する
と、ハンドリング操作が可能な鋳型取り出し時間
までに60秒かゝつた。(Experiment 1) The cavity shape of the mold model box 2 was set to 50〓×150〓, and when flattary sand with 3% moisture added was filled into it while the mold temperature was cooled to -10℃, the handling operation It took 60 seconds to remove the mold.
（実験 ２）
金型模型箱のキヤビテイ形状を50〓×150〓とし、
これに水分を３％添加したフラタリーサンドを、
金型温度を−30℃に冷却した状態で充填すると、
ハンドリング操作が可能な鋳型取り出し時間まで
に25秒かゝつた。(Experiment 2) The cavity shape of the mold model box is 50〓×150〓,
Flattery sand with 3% water added to this,
When filling with the mold temperature cooled to -30℃,
It took 25 seconds before the mold could be removed for handling.
（実験 ３）
金型模型箱のキヤビテイ形状を50〓×150〓とし、
これに水分を３％添加したフラタリーサンドを、
金型温度を−50℃に冷却した状態で充填すると、
ハンドリング操作が可能な鋳型取り出し時間まで
に10秒かゝつた。(Experiment 3) The cavity shape of the mold model box is 50〓×150〓,
Flattery sand with 3% water added to this,
When filling with the mold temperature cooled to -50℃,
It took 10 seconds before the mold could be removed for handling.
以上の実験１乃至実験３から解るように、金型
温度が−10℃以上においては、ハンドリング操作
が可能な鋳型取り出し時間は長くなり実用的でな
く、また金型温度が−50℃以下においては、鋳型
の取り出し時間に比してエネルギー損失が大きく
実用的でない。次に、添加水分量をいろいろ変え
た場合について、実験４乃至実験６に示す。 As can be seen from the above experiments 1 to 3, when the mold temperature is -10°C or higher, the time required to take out the mold during which handling operations can be performed becomes longer, making it impractical, and when the mold temperature is -50°C or lower, , the energy loss is large compared to the time required to take out the mold, making it impractical. Next, Experiments 4 to 6 show cases in which the amount of added water was varied.
（実験 ４）
金型模型箱のキヤビテイ形状を50〓×150〓とし、
これに水分を２％添加したフラタリーサンドを、
金型温度を−30℃に冷却した状態で充填するる
と、ハンドリング操作が可能な鋳型取り出し時間
までに20秒かゝつた。(Experiment 4) The cavity shape of the mold model box is 50〓×150〓,
Flattery sand with 2% water added to it,
When the mold temperature was cooled to -30°C and the mold was filled, it took 20 seconds to remove the mold before it could be handled.
（実験 ５）
金型模型箱のキヤビテイ形状を50〓×150〓とし、
これに水分を３％添加したフラタリーサンドを、
金型温度を−30℃に冷却した状態で充填すると、
ハンドリング操作が可能な鋳型取り出し時間まで
に25秒かゝつた。(Experiment 5) The cavity shape of the mold model box is 50〓×150〓,
Flattery sand with 3% water added to this,
When filling with the mold temperature cooled to -30℃,
It took 25 seconds before the mold could be removed for handling.
（実験 ６）
金型模型箱のキヤビテイ形状を50〓×150〓とし、
これに水分を５％添加したフラタリーサンドを、
金型温度を−30℃に冷却した状態で充填すると、
ハンドリング操作が可能な鋳型取り出し時間まで
に30秒かゝつた。(Experiment 6) The cavity shape of the mold model box is 50〓×150〓,
Flattery sand with 5% water added to it,
When filling with the mold temperature cooled to -30℃,
It took 30 seconds before the mold could be removed for handling.
以上の実験４乃至実験６から解るように、添加
水分量を減らせば、鋳型取り出し時間は短かくな
るが、鋳型強度は弱くなり、また添加水分量を増
せば、鋳型強度は増すが、しみつきが生じ、さら
にガス欠陥が発生し鋳型取り出し時間が長くなる
などの問題がある。 As can be seen from Experiments 4 to 6 above, if the amount of added water is reduced, the mold removal time will be shortened, but the mold strength will be weakened, and if the amount of added water is increased, the mold strength will increase, but the mold strength will be reduced. In addition, there are problems such as gas defects occurring and a longer mold removal time.
次に、本発明の他の実施例を第２図に基づいて
説明する。１０は上面に模型１０ａを装着した模
型板で、該模型板１０上面には、鋳枠１１が載置
され、該鋳枠１１と模型板１０とで画成された空
間内には、適量の水を含有した鋳物砂１２が充填
されている。１３は模型板１０の下面に配設され
た液体窒素導入管で、該液体窒素導入管１３の模
型板１０に対向した面には、ノズル１４が略等間
隔に複数個突設されると共に、一端に液体窒素タ
ンク（図示せず）が連通接続されて設けられてい
る。 Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. Reference numeral 10 denotes a model plate with a model 10a mounted on the upper surface, a casting flask 11 is placed on the upper surface of the model plate 10, and an appropriate amount of liquid is placed in the space defined by the casting flask 11 and the model plate 10. It is filled with foundry sand 12 containing water. Reference numeral 13 denotes a liquid nitrogen introduction tube arranged on the lower surface of the model plate 10, and a plurality of nozzles 14 are protruded from the surface of the liquid nitrogen introduction tube 13 facing the model plate 10 at approximately equal intervals. A liquid nitrogen tank (not shown) is provided in communication with one end.
このように構成されたものは、第２図に示す如
く、模型板１０と鋳枠１１とによつて画成された
空間内に鋳物砂１２が充填され、液体窒素がノズ
ル１４から模型板１０下面に噴射されると、模型
板１０は冷却され模型板１０表面の鋳物砂１２は
硬化される。次いで、模型板１０を離型し、鋳型
を保持した鋳枠１１を冷凍室内に入れて該鋳型内
部の水分を凝固させて該鋳型を完全に硬化させて
注湯可能な凍結鋳型とする。 In this structure, as shown in FIG. 2, the space defined by the model plate 10 and the flask 11 is filled with molding sand 12, and liquid nitrogen is injected from the nozzle 14 into the model plate 10. When sprayed onto the lower surface, the model plate 10 is cooled and the molding sand 12 on the surface of the model plate 10 is hardened. Next, the model plate 10 is released from the mold, and the flask 11 holding the mold is placed in a freezing chamber to solidify the moisture inside the mold and completely harden the mold, making it a frozen mold that can be poured.
次に、本発明のもう一つの実施例を第３図に基
づいて説明する。１５は上面に模型１５ａを装着
した模型板で、該模型板１５上面には、鋳枠１６
が載置され、該鋳枠１６と模型板１５とによつて
画成された空間内には、適量の水を含有した鋳物
砂１７が充填されている。１８は型合わせされた
模型板１５及び鋳枠１６の外周囲に配設された液
体窒素導入管で、該液体窒素導入管１８の模型板
１５及び鋳枠１６に対向した面には、ノズル１９
が略等間隔に突設され、該液体窒素導入管１８の
一端には、液体窒素タンク（図示せず）が連通接
続されて設けられている。２０は鋳型押し出し板
で、鋳枠１６から鋳型が押し出し出されるように
設けられている。 Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. Reference numeral 15 denotes a model plate with a model 15a mounted on the upper surface, and a casting flask 16 is mounted on the upper surface of the model plate 15.
is placed, and the space defined by the flask 16 and the model plate 15 is filled with molding sand 17 containing an appropriate amount of water. Reference numeral 18 denotes a liquid nitrogen introduction pipe arranged around the outer periphery of the matched model plate 15 and casting flask 16, and a nozzle 19 is provided on the surface of the liquid nitrogen introduction pipe 18 facing the model plate 15 and casting flask 16.
are protrudingly provided at approximately equal intervals, and a liquid nitrogen tank (not shown) is provided in communication with one end of the liquid nitrogen introduction pipe 18. A mold extrusion plate 20 is provided so that the mold is extruded from the flask 16.
このように構成されたものは、第３図に示す如
く、模型板１５と鋳枠１６とによつて画成された
空間内に鋳物砂１７が充填され、液体窒素がノズ
ル１９から模型板１５及び鋳枠１６の外周面に噴
射されると、模型板１５及び鋳枠１６は冷却され
て模型板１５及び鋳枠１６面に接触する鋳物砂１
７は硬化される。次いで、模型板１５を鋳枠１６
から離し、鋳型押し出し板２０を鋳枠１６内に嵌
挿して鋳枠１６から鋳型を下方に押し出し、対と
なる他の鋳型（図示せず）に重合し完成鋳型の状
態で冷凍室内に入れ、該完成鋳型内部の水分を凝
固させて硬化させ凍結鋳型とするものである。 In this structure, as shown in FIG. 3, the space defined by the model plate 15 and the flask 16 is filled with molding sand 17, and liquid nitrogen is injected from the nozzle 19 into the model plate 15. When sprayed onto the outer peripheral surface of the flask 16, the model plate 15 and the flask 16 are cooled and the molding sand 1 comes into contact with the surface of the model plate 15 and the flask 16.
7 is cured. Next, the model plate 15 is placed in the casting flask 16.
The mold extrusion plate 20 is inserted into the flask 16, the mold is extruded downward from the flask 16, the mold is overlapped with another mold (not shown), and the completed mold is placed in a freezing chamber. The water inside the completed mold is solidified and hardened to form a frozen mold.
要するに、本発明は冷媒によつて冷却された金
型模型箱内又は冷媒によつて冷却された鋳枠と模
型板とで画成された空間部内に適量の水を含有し
た鋳物砂を充填すると共に、該鋳物砂をそのまゝ
一定時間保持して該鋳物砂の表面を硬化し内部が
軟化状態の鋳型としたあと、該鋳型を前記金型模
型箱又は鋳枠から抜き出し、該鋳型の全表面に冷
媒を作用させて該鋳型の内部まで凍結させ、以つ
て該鋳型全部を硬化させるようにするが、或いは
鋳枠と冷媒で冷却された模型板とで画成された空
間部内に、適量の水を含有した鋳物砂を充填する
と共に、該鋳物砂をそのまゝ一定時間保持して該
模型板表面に接する鋳物砂を硬化したあと、該模
型板を離型し該鋳物砂を鋳枠内に保持したまゝさ
らに冷媒を作用させて該鋳枠内の鋳物砂を凍結硬
化するようにしたので、鋳型をハンドリングする
ために粘結剤を添加する必要もなく、容易に鋳型
を造型できるなど優れた効果を有し、この種の業
界にもたらす効果は著大である。 In short, the present invention involves filling molding sand containing an appropriate amount of water into a mold model box cooled by a refrigerant or into a space defined by a mold and a model plate cooled by a refrigerant. At the same time, the molding sand is held as it is for a certain period of time to harden the surface of the molding sand and create a mold with a softened interior, and then the mold is removed from the mold model box or flask and the entire surface of the mold is removed. A refrigerant is applied to the surface to freeze the inside of the mold, thereby hardening the entire mold, or an appropriate amount is applied to the space defined by the flask and the model plate cooled by the refrigerant. After filling molding sand containing water and holding the molding sand as it is for a certain period of time to harden the molding sand in contact with the surface of the model plate, the model plate is released and the molding sand is placed in the molding flask. Since the molding sand in the flask is freeze-hardened by applying a refrigerant to the sand while it is held in the flask, molds can be easily formed without the need to add a binder to handle the mold. It has excellent effects such as, and the effect it brings to this type of industry is significant.
第１図は本発明の実施例を示す断面図、第２図
乃至第３図は本発明の他の実施例を示す断面図で
ある。
２……金型模型箱、１０，１５……模型板、１
１，１６……鋳枠。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are sectional views showing other embodiments of the invention. 2... Mold model box, 10, 15... Model board, 1
1,16...Casting flask.
Claims (1)
媒によつて冷却された鋳枠と模型板とで画成され
た空間部内に適量の水を含有した鋳物砂を充填す
ると共に、該鋳物砂をそのまゝ一定時間保持して
該鋳物砂の表面を硬化し内部が軟化状態の鋳型と
したあと、該鋳型を前記金型模型箱又は鋳枠から
抜き出し、該鋳型の全表面に冷媒を作用させて該
鋳型の内部まで凍結させ、以つて該鋳型全部を硬
化させることを特徴とする鋳型造型方法。 ２ 鋳枠と冷媒で冷却された模型板とで画成され
た空間部内に、適量の水を含有した鋳物砂を充填
すると共に、該鋳物砂をそのまゝ一定時間保持し
て該模型板表面に接する鋳物砂を硬化したあと、
該模型板を離型し該鋳物砂を鋳枠内に保持したま
まさらに冷媒を作用させて該鋳枠内の鋳物砂を凍
結硬化させることを特徴とする鋳型造型方法。[Claims] 1. Foundry sand containing an appropriate amount of water is placed in a mold model box cooled by a refrigerant or in a space defined by a mold and a model plate cooled by a refrigerant. At the same time as filling, the molding sand is held as it is for a certain period of time to harden the surface of the molding sand and create a mold with a softened interior, and then the mold is taken out from the mold model box or flask and the mold is removed. A method for making a mold, which comprises applying a refrigerant to the entire surface of the mold to freeze the inside of the mold, thereby hardening the entire mold. 2 Fill the space defined by the casting flask and the model plate cooled with a refrigerant with molding sand containing an appropriate amount of water, and hold the molding sand as it is for a certain period of time to cool the surface of the model plate. After hardening the foundry sand in contact with
A mold making method, which comprises releasing the model plate and further applying a refrigerant to freeze and harden the molding sand in the flask while holding the molding sand in the flask.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18326380A JPS57106445A (en) | 1980-12-23 | 1980-12-23 | Mold making method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18326380A JPS57106445A (en) | 1980-12-23 | 1980-12-23 | Mold making method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57106445A JPS57106445A (en) | 1982-07-02 |
| JPS631144B2 true JPS631144B2 (en) | 1988-01-11 |
Family
ID=16132601
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18326380A Granted JPS57106445A (en) | 1980-12-23 | 1980-12-23 | Mold making method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57106445A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014117865B4 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2022-09-01 | Hyundai Motor Company | Vehicle misfuelling prevention system |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3215554A1 (en) * | 1982-04-26 | 1983-10-27 | Sintokogio, Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi | MOLD MAKING PROCESS |
| FR2566687B1 (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-08-22 | Air Liquide | DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING FROZEN MOLDS OR MOLDING CORES |
| JP4703972B2 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2011-06-15 | 株式会社日清製粉グループ本社 | Mixing equipment |
-
1980
- 1980-12-23 JP JP18326380A patent/JPS57106445A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014117865B4 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2022-09-01 | Hyundai Motor Company | Vehicle misfuelling prevention system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57106445A (en) | 1982-07-02 |
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