JPS63101975A - Image processor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To rapidly attain the deformation processing of an image with simple constitution by generating an address in a main scanning direction so as to store image data read by a 1st address generating means in a 2nd image storing part. CONSTITUTION:Image data specified by an address outputted from a reading address generating circuit 101 synchronously with an image synchronizing signal are read from an input image buffer memory 100 and the inputted image data are written in an output image buffer memory 102 by using an address generated from a writing address generating circuit 103 synchronously with the image synchronizing signal. Thereby, the number of picture elements such as rasters read out from an input image buffer 100 is less than the number of addresses generated at the time of writing data in the buffer memory 102 when its contrac tion ratio is <=1. Consequently, the image contracted in the raster direction is successively written in the buffer memory 102 and a deformed output image can be formed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Applications] The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, and more particularly to an image processing apparatus that transforms input image data.

[Prior Art] Graphical conversion, for example, rotation processing on an original image, in a conventional device of this type is performed by converting two images from an original image 900 shown in FIG. 9(a) to an image 901 shown in FIG. 9(b). Most of them were dimensional rotations. That is, the image 901 in FIG. 9(b) only has a configuration for processing at a constant rotation angle and constant magnification.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Therefore, for example, the original image 60 shown in FIG. 6(a) is converted into a rotated image (hereinafter referred to as an output image) 6 shown in FIG. 6(b).
2, it is impossible to perform a three-dimensional rotation process using the perspective method using the line segment 61 as a reference glaze, or it requires complicated calculations, which reduces the processing speed. Ta. For example, when forming an output image, if the development position of the image is calculated for each pixel data in a video RAM for display, it will take an extremely long time to form the entire image. So it becomes.

Furthermore, when it is implemented using hardware, the scale becomes too large, resulting in an unavoidable increase in cost.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an image processing device that has a simple configuration and can perform image transformation processing at high speed.

[Means for Solving the Problem] In order to solve this problem, the present invention has the following configuration.

That is, a first image storage section that stores at least one line of pixel data of an original image, and a first address that generates an address in the main scanning direction for reading the pixel data into the first image storage section. a generating means, a first setting means for setting a start position and a scanning interval of the address generated by the first address generating means, a second image storage section for storing output image data, and the first address. a second address generating means for generating an address in the main scanning direction for storing pixel data read by the generating means in the second image storage section; and a second address generating means for setting the second address start position. and setting means.

[Function] In the configuration of the present invention, the image stored in the first image storage section is read by the address generated from the first address generation means at the scan start position sound and scan interval set by the first setting means. The image data is then read, and the read image data is stored in the second image storage section from the position set by the second setting means using the address generated by the second address generation means, thereby generating a transformed image. It is something that forms.

Embodiments] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In this embodiment, an example will be described in which a three-dimensional perspective rotation process is applied as an example of graphical transformation when an output image is formed from a human-powered image.

[Outline of rotation processing (Fig. 4 (a), (b).

5(a), (b))] Now, in this embodiment, when forming an output image of a two-dimensional digital image read in raster order from an input original image, the inclination of the address in the main scanning direction is constant; Rotation that gradually changes for each raster at the same magnification (constant pixel density),
That is, it approximates three-dimensional rotation processing using perspective projection. There are various types of perspective three-dimensional rotation, but in this example, the rotation axis is the line segment 41 of the original image 40 shown in FIG. In other words, the output image 43 as shown in FIG. 4(b)
We will explain the rotation process to obtain .

- In a two-dimensional display device, perspective-based three-dimensional rotation processing is, for example, considering rotation around the Z axis (rotation angle is θ): (X', Y'', Z', It is defined by the matrix formula 1).Next, it is necessary to perform investment conversion for projection in order to display it on a two-dimensional display device.Also, in order to explain the processing to obtain the output image 43, this book In the example, FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) were prepared.The process until the original image 500 shown in FIG. 5(a) forms an output image (FIG. 5(b)) 5oi will be explained. , the rotation angle θ shown above, and the range of the area in which perspective rotation is performed, etc., will be described assuming that all the initial conditions have already been set.

[Description of basic configuration (Figure 1)] Now, as shown in Figures 5 (a) and (b), the input image 50
Let us consider again the case where 0 is rotated three-dimensionally in terms of perspective, as in the output image 501.

In this case, the grid spacing in the main scanning direction (X @ direction) and sub-scanning direction (Y-axis direction) of the output image 501 is equal to that of the input image 501.
It can be seen that it changes with respect to 0. to be specific,
The raster 57 of the human image 500 corresponds to the raster 56 of the output image 501, but the length of the raster 56 in the main scanning direction is shorter than that of the raster 57. The length of the raster becomes longer and finally becomes equal to that of the input image (referred to as condition 1). Furthermore, it can be seen that the sub-scanning interval of the output image 501 gradually becomes shorter as it goes upwards from the bottom side (referred to as condition 2). In other words, with these two conditional elements, perspective-like three-dimensional rotation processing is achieved.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned condition 1, when reading pixel data by addressing in the main scanning direction of the input image 500,
For example, if you read every other pixel interval,
In the end, half of the pixel data is read in the raster (main scanning) direction of the human image. If this is sequentially stored in the memory that stores the output image, an image with half the length will be created. Therefore, if the reading pixel interval for the input image is gradually reduced for each raster, an image that spreads toward the end will be formed.

Furthermore, it will be understood that condition 2 can be achieved by gradually decreasing the sub-scanning interval when reading pixel data from the input image 500.

Furthermore, when developing the pixel data read in this way, it is also necessary to set the development start position.

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram for realizing these processing contents.

In the figure, 100 is an input image buffer memory for storing human images. 101 is input image buffer memory 1
This is a read address generation circuit that generates an address for reading pixel data stored in 00, and generates addresses in the scanning direction 100a at set intervals. Further, 102 is an output image buffer memory for storing image data after processing such as rotation, and for example, this may be a video RAM for a display device, or an output image memory for outputting to a printing device. It may be. Reference numeral 103 denotes an image buffer memory 102 that outputs the pixel data read by the read address generation circuit 101.
This is a write address generation circuit that generates an address for writing to as shown in scan 102a, and generates addresses in order from a set position. Also, 104
and 105 are address buses, and 106 is a data bus for pixel data. The details of the read address generation circuit 101 and the write address generation circuit 103 will be described later.

Now, in a water device having such a configuration, first, as a preprocessing, an address saga for each raster is set like the start pixel 50 of the raster of the output image 501, and each raster direction (of the output image 501 with respect to the input image 500) is set. Find the reduction ratio in the main scanning direction).

[Explanation of write address generation (Figure 2)] Generate an address in the raster direction of the output image using the reduction ratio obtained in this way (this address is written in the output image buffer memory 10).
3) will be explained.

FIG. 2 is an internal configuration diagram of write address generation circuit 103.

The memory 20 stores the values calculated in preprocessing, that is, the storage start position information for each raster of the image, and the count register 21 is set to 1 each time a pixel synchronization signal is received after an initial value is given. This register is configured to be incremented by one. Further, the register 22 is a register that, when a value is set, remembers the value until the next value is set.

An explanation will be given of how this circuit is used to find the path of the raster 56 in FIG. 5(b).

First, the X and Y addresses of the starting pixel 50 of the raster 56 are read out by inputting the sub-scanning synchronization signal to the memory 20, and the respective X addresses are stored in the count register 21 and the Y
The address is set in register 22. Thereafter, each time a pixel synchronization signal is input, the X address set in the count register 21 is incremented by 1 and output as a signal line 23. Further, the same value as the set value of the Y address is outputted from the signal line 24. By repeating these processes until the address of the end pixel 51 is reached, the address of the output pixel on the raster 56 can be determined. Similarly, when the raster scan of one line is completed, the next raster start position is read out from the memory 20, and the X coordinate and Y coordinate are set in the count register 21 and the register 22, respectively. Thereafter, the same process will be repeated. This write address generation circuit 1
03 is composed of only a color register 21, a register 22, and a memory 20, which reduces circuit cost.
Since the contents of the register are updated only by the sub-scanning synchronization signal, a sufficiently high speed can be obtained.

[Explanation of read address generation (FIG. 3)] Next, the read read address generation circuit 101 (which generates an address for reading pixel data from the input image buffer memory 101)
Fig. 3) will be explained.

In the figure, a memory 30 has the same function as the memory 20 in FIG. 2, and stores the reduction ratio for each rask of the output image calculated in the preprocessing. Also 31.33
．． 34 is a register that holds a value until the next value is set, and 32 is an adder. Among these registers, the register 33 is configured such that the value of the increment register 31 is successively added by an adder 32 in synchronization with the pixel synchronization signal.

The specific operation will be explained below.

When an image is stored in the input image buffer memory 100,
The reciprocal of the reduction ratio stored in the memory 30 is stored in the increment value register 31, and the manual image buffer memory 10
The X and Y coordinates, which are the scan start positions relative to 0, are stored in registers 33 and 34, respectively.

Below, the value set in the increment value register 31 and the register 33 each time a pixel synchronization signal (main scanning synchronization signal) is input.
The adder 32 adds the values stored in the X address to the signal line 35, and the added integer part becomes the X address and is output to the signal line 35. Note that the same value is always output from the register 34 to the signal line 36 as a Y address during at least one raster.

For example, when the reduction ratio is "O, S" (the length of one horizontal test of the output image is half that of the human image), the increment value register 31 stores the reciprocal of the reduction ratio, that is, "° 2” (・,・1/(0,5)−2) is stored. If the X and Y coordinates of the reading start address are both "°O°°," then the X address output from the register 33 to the signal line 35 is 0°2.4, 6, etc.
It becomes one ogi. In this case, the value (Y address) output from the register 34 is "0". These signal lines 35 and 36 are then output to the input image buffer memory 100.

By generating addresses at set intervals in this manner, pixels corresponding to the number of pixels corresponding to the reduction ratio are read out. Note that when generating addresses for each subsequent rask, the reading start position sound in the Y direction is also stored in the memory 30, but the interval between the address start position sounds in the Y direction is set to, for example, 15.14.13°12. . . , 2.1, the interval in the sub-scanning direction of the output image gradually becomes wider from the top to the bottom, and finally becomes approximately the same interval as that of the input image.

Furthermore, since this read address generation circuit is composed only of adders and registers, it is possible to reduce the circuit cost and obtain sufficiently high speed in the same way as the write address generation circuit shown in Fig. 2. .

[Description of three-dimensional image rotation processing] Now, the write address generation circuit 103 explained above
By combining this and the reading address generation circuit 101, it is possible to form an image that has undergone perspective rotation processing, which is the purpose of this embodiment.

The explanation will be given below.

The pixel data specified by the address output in synchronization with the pixel synchronization signal from the read address generation circuit shown in FIG. 2 described above is read from the input image buffer memory 101, and the write address shown in FIG. 3 is generated. Similarly, the circuit writes the pixel data read into the output image buffer memory using an address generated in synchronization with the pixel synchronization signal.

Therefore, the number of pixels read out from the input image buffer memory 101 for each rask is smaller than the number of addresses generated when writing to the output image buffer memory 103 when the reduction ratio is -1° or less. As a result, the image reduced in the raster direction is stored in the output image buffer memory 10.
3, an output image 501 as shown in FIG. 5(b) is formed.

In the above example, it is assumed that the address interval stored in the memory 20 and the memory 30 and the write start position are calculated by software or hardware.

With the configuration described above, it is possible to convert image data input in rask sequential order into an image rotated in perspective, but only the reduction ratio and the writing start position when forming the output image are calculated and stored in the register. Then, the conversion process will be done by hardware, so the processing speed will be faster. In this embodiment, the human image buffer memory 100
has been described as having a capacity that can store the entire human-powered image, but it is not limited to this, and the effects of this embodiment can be sufficiently achieved as long as the capacity is at least one line. This is because when storing image data in the manual image buffer 100, the intervals in the sub-operation direction can be read using COD, etc., and the images can be stored.

[Description of other embodiments (Fig. 7(a), (b))] In the above embodiment, Fig. 4(a) is used as an input image, and the output image is as shown in Fig. 4(b). We considered a perspective three-dimensional rotation process that would produce an image, but the image shown in Figure 7(a) was taken as a human image, and the perspective method to obtain the image shown in Figure 7(b) as an output image was considered. Diagrammatic three-dimensional rotation processing may also be considered. The processing method at this time is shown below.

The process of determining the coordinates of pixel data with respect to the input image may be performed by the operation of the above embodiment, and as the operation of the apparatus for determining the bus in the main scanning direction of the output image shown in FIG. Set the X and Y addresses of the
This can be achieved simply by setting the address in the register 22 and the Y address in the count register 21.

[Explanation of modified example of output image (Fig. 8)] Also, in this example, the end line in the sub-scanning direction of the output image was a straight line, but as shown in output images 81, 82, and 83 of Fig. 8. It is also possible to obtain a modified output image for the original image 80. In order to form such an output image, the write start address value set in the memory 20 is changed in a curved manner, and the change in the reduction ratio stored in the memory 30 is not limited to only a fixed direction such as ascending or descending order. , if you set it to various values, the output image 8
It is possible to form output images in various formats other than 1,82,83.

As explained above, according to this embodiment, the two-dimensional digital image data that is received sequentially in rask order is made into pseudo three-dimensional data, and perspective rotation processing is realized with a simple circuit configuration and at high speed. can do.

Although the present embodiment has been described with the reduction ratio being 1 or less, the reduction ratio is not limited to this, and may be 1 or more.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, a modified image of an original image can be formed with an extremely simple configuration and at high speed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a basic thirteenth diagram of the image processing apparatus of this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an old address generation circuit, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a read address generation circuit, FIG. 4(a), (b)
- Figures 7(a) and (b) are diagrams showing the relationship between input images and output images, Figure 8 is a diagram showing a modification example of the output image with respect to the input image, and Figures 9 (a) and (b) are diagrams showing the relationship between the input image and the output image. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing plane rotation of a human-powered image. In the figure, 100... input image buffer memory, 101 read address generation circuit, 102... output image buffer memory, 103 write address generation circuit, 104.10
5...Address bus, 106...Data bus, 20
．． 30...Memory, 21...Count register, 2
2, 33, 34...Register, 31...Increment value register, 32...Adder. Patent Applicant: Canon Co., Ltd. (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 4 (b) Figure 9 (0) 100 ropes [C (]

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A first image storage section that stores at least one line of pixel data of an original image, and a first image storage section that generates an address in the main scanning direction to read the pixel data into the first image storage section. an address generating means, a first setting means for setting a start position and a scanning interval of an address generated by the first address generating means, a second image storage section for storing output image data, and a second image storage section for storing output image data; a second address generating means for generating an address in the main scanning direction in order to store the pixel data read by the address generating means in the second image storage section; and a second address generating means for setting the second address start position. setting means, and develops a modified image of the original image in the second image storage section. (2) The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second address generating means generate addresses in synchronization with each other. (3) Image processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second setting means are set each time the address generated by the first and second address generation means scans one line. Device. (4) The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein the deformed image is a perspective three-dimensional rotation image.