JPS6296590A - Method and apparatus for burning fuel-water - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent an accidental fire, to accelerate the generation of CO and H2, and to improve the combustion efficiency of a fuel, by injecting a fuel and water into a high-temp. reaction chamber together with oxygen to reduce the unevenness of volumes of water, fuel and oxygen and, at the same time, to disperse the vaporized water, thereby burning the fuel. CONSTITUTION:A nozzle 4 for injection of a high-pressure fuel is provided at the top end of a fuel-injection burner 6, and is arranged at the bottom opening portion of a cylindrical high temp. reaction chamber 3 which is packed with a refractory 5 having pores which communicate with each other at a position around the middle thereof. The reaction chamber 3 is a cylindrical hood made of a refractory and opened at its both ends. Fuel-water combustion is carried out, e.g., under the following conditions: a fuel injection pressure of about 300kg/cm<2>; a fuel injection rate of about 40l/hr; a heavy oil A as a fuel; and water content: 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. When the fuel is injected, both the fuel 1 and water 2 float in the form of a fume and do not drop down. According to the titled method and apparatus, a water-contg. fuel can be burnt stably at high efficiency without causing accidental fire and can contribute to the energy-saving and the prevention of pollution problems.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for combustion of a mixture of fuel, water, additives, etc.

``Prior Art'' There have been many examples of methods for improving combustion by mixing water into fuel, but all of them had the following drawbacks and left room for improvement.

m When used for the purpose of water contamination or to reduce the temperature inside the furnace to reduce NOx levels, combustion occurs at a temperature of approximately 900°C or less, so there is very little water decomposition reaction and unburned matter is also generated. Efficiency showed a decreasing trend.

(21) Even if water droplets are made into fine particles and injected into the furnace together with fuel for water decomposition combustion due to the reaction between carbon and water, the reaction atmosphere inside the furnace is poor, and the combustion zone is filled with combustion air and fuel jets. Gas bodies such as these also moved quickly, and the water decomposition reaction was extremely slow and unstable.

(3) When the fuel and the ice particles in the fuel are ejected from the injection burner, large particles get mixed in with the fuel, and the fuel is unable to reach enough O2 to reach the inside, resulting in unburned ice particles. The volume increases by approximately 1244 times due to steam formation, which scatters surrounding O2, C, etc., making it difficult to make sufficient contact. For this reason, water splitting remained sluggish and sufficient energy-saving effects were not achieved.

(4) A method of mixing fine particles of water into fuel oil and injecting it is generally used, but oil-water separation tends to occur, resulting in misfires and a drop in humidity. There are many cases where combustion is necessary, and there is still room for improvement.

``Problems to be Solved by the Invention'' The present invention prevents misfires by equally distributing the volume occupied by approximately 1244 times the volume occupied by the vaporized expansion of water and the volume occupied by fuel and air. C due to the reaction decomposition of
The purpose is to increase the combustion efficiency of fuel by promoting the generation of O% H2 and by stably burning it.

``Means for Solving the Problems'' The present invention includes a step of injecting fuel and water together with oxygen into a high-temperature reaction chamber to equalize the volume unevenness between the vaporized portion of water and the portion occupied by fuel and oxygen; This fuel/main combustion method consists of a decomposition process of vaporized moisture and a combustion process, in which fuel, water, and additives are injected into a high temperature reaction chamber together with oxygen, and the vaporized portion of water is separated from the portion occupied by fuel and oxygen. The fuel combustion method consists of simultaneously performing the process of leveling volume unevenness, the process of decomposing vaporized water, and the combustion process. It is constituted by a fuel/main combustion device in which a continuous vent refractory is disposed inside the reaction chamber, and the injected fuel, combustion oxygen, etc. are arranged so as to pass through the refractory.

When oxygen (air) is sent from the above, it passes through the refractory through the vent with the above-mentioned fuel and water, and when it is ignited, the fuel burns and the connection is made. The pore refractories and the reaction chamber are in a high temperature state and are gradually heated up. The fine water droplets of the added water vaporize at a high temperature and expand to about 1244 times the volume, scattering and fragmenting the fuel particles and air, but this also causes unevenness between the fuel and air. However, this condition can be evened out by passing through a continuous vent refractory: the area occupied by vaporized water is 1)
The fine particles are dispersed and have fuel and air-occupied parts interposed inside them, and the fine particles collide with the numerous pore surfaces of the above-mentioned continuous-vent refractory and are diffused and mixed into fine particles, and due to the high temperature held by the refractory, the fuel is At the same time as vaporization and combustion, the reaction between carbon particles and water vapor causes water gasification, generating CO and Hz, promoting combustion, and stably producing a blue flame combustion state after passing through the refractory. Furthermore, when 0λ, Oz 'J latch is blown in instead of combustion air, the above-mentioned combustion improvement is greatly promoted and the NOx value is also reduced. This phenomenon is a special skill achieved by combining the ultrafine particle ratio of the ejected material with raised bed injection and the continuous vent refractories. The theory of the above combustion is as follows.

When carbon in fuel comes into contact with steam during the burning process, flammable carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced under specific temperature conditions as shown in the reaction equation below. This phenomenon is sufficiently promoted in the reaction chamber, and exothermic combustion is efficiently carried out. The reaction between carbon and water vapor is as follows.

C-1-1), O= CO+ l-l2 (28,8kc
alAnol ) 0+ 2 l1zO-C! Oyu+
2 H2 (18,8kcal/1nol) also C,C
The combustion reaction of o, H, is as follows: O C+ 02= 002 (+ 9 7 kcal/
1nol)C+K02=CO(+29.4k
cal/1nol)C+OO,=2CO(38,2
kcal/1nol>2 CO+ O, = 2 COU (+ 1 36.4 kcal/1nol) CO+H
,0=CO,+)l,(+10.l 〃 )21
):L-t-0U=21). LO(+1 1 5.6
, y) "Example J A high-pressure fuel injection nozzle 4 (the same type nozzle is used depending on the type of fuel) is provided at the tip of the twisted injection burner 6, and the same type nozzle is provided at the base end opening of the cylindrical high temperature reaction chamber 3. A nozzle 4 is arranged, and a communicating hole refractory 5 is filled in the middle of the reaction chamber 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 6 to Fig. 9). In this case, the refractory material 5 may be formed as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. Test case reaction chamber 3, total length L = 3500 + nns inner diameter 1 = 600 mm
Temperature sensor az bz CN d and its distance e1f
sgsh, i is 50゛0.800.800.1000.
Width of continuous vent refractory at 400rryn t = 70t
It is Tln.

Fuel injection pressure 300 K9/Cm” Fuel injection amount
401/II Fuel brand A Heavy oil Water mixing rate 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% The reaction chamber 3 is a cylindrical hood with openings at both ends made of fireproof material. Furthermore, during fuel injection, both fuel 1 and water 2\i become atomized (approximately 0.1 μm in size) and float, with nothing falling.

(Experimental Results) Heavy oil 401/I-1 and water were mixed and the ratio was 30% water and 70% double oil.

(1) The temperature in the fuel ignition cylinder increases and the temperature near a is 10% compared to A.
When the temperature reaches around 00°C, the white-red flame in the combustion chamber takes on a bluish tinge and its length becomes short (150 to 200 m).

(2) When point a reaches around 1,200°C, the blue field becomes thinner and can be seen slightly near the burner tip near the differential user, and the rest becomes almost no smoke color, and the temperature inside the cylinder increases. (3) The temperature of the flame increases. When using only oil, there is a color of flame, so I measured it. When soaking water at around 1680°C was mixed in, the flame color was so faint that it was difficult to measure, but the temperature inside the cylinder rose. (4) The internal temperature was as follows, the flame was stable, and the combustion continued to be stable .

8 points 1255°C Point b 1260°C 0 points 1265°C 4 points 1200”C (5) No black smoke, excess air coefficient m value = 0.95 (6) Smoke color during combustion is significantly different from when using only oil. The reason why it becomes blue and almost colorless is thought to be due to combustion due to the generation of H2 and CO.

(Power) Water mixing rates were tested as shown below, and all showed similar phenomena as above.

Burner injection amount 401/I-1 Oil% Water% Air excess ratio (m value) 90 10 1.05 80 20 1.02 70 30 0.9560 4
0 0.8 The test results above demonstrate that water decomposes and promotes combustion as described in the section on combustion reactions related to steam.

In the figure, 1 is fuel, 2 is water, 7 is a filter, 8 is a static mixer, 9 is a fuel oil tank, 10 is a water tank,
1) in Figure 1 is a combustion air swirl vane, 1) 1- is an ignition electrode, 13-piece high-pressure fuel injection pump, 14 is a stirring tank, and 15 in Figure 6 is a 0-unit, 0-unit or 0-J storage. tank, 4' is a water ring injection nozzle 13' is a high-pressure injection pump exclusively for water, No. 7
In the figure, 16 is a steam supply pipe, and 17 in the eighth factor is a tank for injecting additives such as surfactant alcohol. Connecting vent refractory 5
As shown in the enlarged view of the third flame, alumina-based silicon nitride, silicon carbide, carborundum, ceramic material, foamed ceramic, reticulated ceramic, etc. can be used to form an appropriate porosity depending on the type and conditions of the flame F1. The fuel may be liquid, powder, etc. Coal, coke powder ll1200
Use something below mesh.

The above experiment was conducted under the following conditions.

(1) High pressure injection pressure is 100 to 1000 K9/cJ
(2) Sprayed particles are 10μ or less (3)
Connecting vent refractory temperature 1000-1600'C (4)
Additives include water, surfactants, alcohols, etc., oxygen, oxygen rich, ozone, etc., fuel for co-combustion (coal, petroleum Fuchs, and other low quality oils8). Water-added fuel can be burnt very efficiently and stably without fear of misfire, and has the effect of being applicable to energy saving and pollution control.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the fuel/water combustion device of the present invention, Figure 2 is a (till +1n diagram) of the reaction chamber, Figure 3 is a partially enlarged view of the continuous vent refractory, and Figure @4 is a diagram of the reaction chamber. A side view of another embodiment, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the state of contact of particles with the continuous vent refractory, FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG. 7 is an illustration of the addition of steam. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the embodiment of the pond in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 9 to 12 are longitudinal cross-sectional views of the embodiment of the reaction chamber. ... Water, 3. High temperature reaction chamber, 4. Fuel injection nozzle, 5. Continuous vent refractory.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) Consists of a step in which fuel and water are injected together with oxygen into a high-temperature reaction chamber to equalize the volume unevenness between the vaporized portion of water and the portion occupied by fuel and oxygen, a step of decomposing vaporized water, and a combustion step. Fuel/water combustion method. (2) A step in which fuel, water, and additives are injected together with oxygen into a high-temperature reaction chamber to equalize the volume unevenness between the vaporized portion of water and the portion occupied by fuel and oxygen, a step of decomposing vaporized water, and a combustion step. A fuel/water combustion method that involves performing the following at the same time. (3) A fuel injection nozzle is provided at the base end opening of the tip-opening reaction chamber, and a continuous vent refractory is provided inside the reaction chamber, so that the injected fuel and combustion oxygen, etc. pass through the refractory. A fuel/water combustion device arranged as follows.