JPS62502567A - How to measure staple fiber conjugation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] name of invention How to measure conjugation of staple fibersTechnical field The present invention involves carding staple fibers to convert them into subsequent slivers. method to form a web for the purpose of the process and ultimately lead to a form suitable for spinning into yarn. It is something to do. Specifically, the present invention provides natural or artificial resins. textile staple fibers with 1 in a given staple fiber lot 4.2 to 31.75 cm (56 to 12.5 inches) weighted flat Determine whether or not the number of guns is uniform, thereby determining whether the number of guns produced from this fiber lot is The web and the sliver that is subsequently formed from it are normally Is it strong enough to not collapse or break during processing operations? Concerning how to investigate.

When converting synthetic and/or natural staple fibers into yarn, the staple The table fibers are carded and unraveled, then shaped into a fibrous web. The resulting web must then be focused into slivers. This sura Ivors are relatively parallel, loose, essentially untwisted bundles that is deposited continuously in a container for processing and then suitable for spinning into yarn. Guided by form.

Staple fibers are relatively short, usually less than 6 inches (15.24 cm). and in most cases less than 5.08 cm (2 inches). Therefore, the card Generates sufficient force on the web so that the web and the subsequent sliver formed are normal. Some degree of conjugation is required between the fibers to prevent them from collapsing or breaking during processing operations. It is important to exist.

The structure of natural fibers such as cotton and wool is determined by grade, staple length, fiber preparation method, and processing. A structure that allows sufficient conjugation by appropriately selecting processing conditions. It is.

However, polyester, acetate, acrylic, nylon, viscose For synthetic fibers such as polypropylene or polypropylene staple fibers, special It is essential to achieve the required level of conjugation using suitable manufacturing methods. produces conjugation The main method is known as 'crimping', which essentially Change straight fiber morphology to "wavy", serrated or helical morphology. Crimp is frequent This is done mechanically with a "stuffer box" crimper. However, This can be achieved by various means well known in the art and literature. crimp This is generally done before the fibers are cut into staple lengths.

The degree of conjugation that a given batch of synthetic fibers has is 1. pertains only to crimp isn't it. Other factors, of varying importance, include polymer type, fiber cross-section, deposits on the fiber surface (oligomers, etc.), type and amount of processing lubricant, stay Pull length, tex (or decitex) (denier)/filament and Processing conditions used in fiber production, subsequent opening conditions, feeding conditions, and cardi There are some conditions. Therefore, the level of conjugation present in a given batch of staple fibers is the aggregate result of many contributing factors of varying importance.

In most synthetic fibers, along with other factors under proper regulation, the Controlling the characteristics, permanence, and dispersion of the lamps makes for successful carding and subsequent Important decisions to produce sliver with satisfactory strength and homogeneity It is a factor. However, the big players in the field of crimping technology are , child 9. (raealng) and carding operations and subsequent drafting , which can have a negative impact on roving and spinning operations, resulting in constant homogeneity or lapping. We know that there are many problems that hinder the realization of this plan.

The homogeneity of carding is sufficiently homogeneous for slivers, rovings and finally yarns. Fibers or blended fibers fed to the carding equipment as it is a key factor in production The degree of conjugation and its variation are major factors. In other words, it measures the conjugation of fibers. Various attempts have been made to determine and/or adjust it.

Background technology Prior art equipment, devices and methods are as follows.

1. The sliver length and/or the length of the sliver in the longitudinal direction during mechanical separation. rag　J equipment for measuring. This equipment has large test errors and takes time to measure. , poor reproducibility, and also correlation with actual performance of fibers in textile plants. Poor. In addition, testing with sufficient fiber length to be representative of all fiber lots is time-consuming. It is almost impossible in terms of cost and cost.

2. Hirakar - A device for measuring wrap strength. The picker feeds the fibers into the card. A machine that rolls the fibers into mats and unwinds them in a controlled manner to It is a machine. The method of feeding this fiber involves the preparation of the wrap and transporting it to the card. requires extra effort. The picker feeds directly to the textile carding machine. is currently being replaced by a more efficient chute feeding system. wrap strength The equipment that measures the test response is capable of identifying extremely strong and extremely weak laps in addition to depend to a large extent on the homogeneity of the wrap. Therefore, it has limited value. Unfortunately, lap strength testing significantly alters the crimp. However, its predictive value and reproducibility are limited by the most important combination between the two extremes. The range is not satisfactory. Furthermore, the textile industry also requires expensive and slow picker runs. There is a shift from dump preparation to chute-feeding machines. This machine shoots fibers During feeding, some of the fibers are opened and the fibers are transferred directly from the chute to the card. , the costly wrap preparation step is omitted.

3. At a certain point before carding, 2.54 cm of staple fiber The average number of crimps per inch and/or their variation and crimps. Machine and method for measuring the angle of the top. 2.54 centimeters (inches) This machine and method of measuring crimp number and crimp angle is slow and time consuming. It requires a large amount of error, and also the predicted value of the most important binding force between the two extremes is extremely It's not enough. Also, the number of crimps per 2.54 centimeters (inches) and The relative contribution of a given combination of angles is also difficult to measure. ASTM-D -3937 (13-2) is [unable to determine true value in accepted trial law] Therefore, we cannot be certain about the accuracy of the crimp frequency test method D-3937. "It has said.

4. When carding the web to classify it into "transparent", "cloudy", "striped" etc. Visual evaluation of web. This visual evaluation of the card web is for a given sample set. Since there are various judgments and poor reproducibility, it is hardly practical as far as fiber conjugation is concerned. It has no practical utility value.

5. Hold the fiber taken out from the bale in your hand, and make sure that it separates easily and falls. chiruka (indicating low conjugation), more resistant to discrete falls when lifted and held Hand test the fibers to determine if they exhibit resistance (indicating more conjugation).

Such Hunt 1 tests are pure guesswork and have few practical side chains.

It has been found that there is a large difference of opinion in judgments using hand tests.

6. The maximum carding speed is the maximum holding rate for a given fiber sample on a given card. Although it is not useful for determining the sustainable production rate (kilogram (pound) 7 o'clock), It has also been used to measure fiber conjugation. However, this test In determining the end point at which the web begins to deflect or curve, each card is There are large variations between operators. Exams that require this amount of time are It is only possible to roughly evaluate the difference in conjugation strength between lots of brittle staple fibers. stomach. Judgment by maximum sustainable carding speed is for low conjugation failures and high conjugation failures. There is particularly wide variation in the areas of primary interest between the two extremes of success. this The test method is based on operator judgment and varies from card to card, so this method is Be sure to understand that this is only a rough estimate of the difference in force, and use it with caution. It is necessary to This method does not have sufficient accuracy for quality control.

7. The inventors used an air jet as a miraculous method to increase the pressure at a controlled rate. While rising, air is blown into the card web to form a bulge, At what air pressure will the side walls of the bulge begin to form an "open space" or "gap"? An attempt was made to determine by visual evaluation. However, this system There is a large variation among operators in determining whether it is a "release space" or "gap". However, reproducibility was poor. Good results if the jet is placed below the web was not obtained, as was the case in other tests with jets placed on the web. Jet Placing the sheet on the web results in poor reproducibility and operability due to web collapse. The defective products had to be removed and reattached to the card.

These tests compared actual fiber carding performance at the customer's plant and There was no good correlation between the performance on laboratory carding equipment such as

In the process of re-evaluating the last experimental method or system described above, the inventor We have suddenly discovered an approach that leads to the present invention. With the jet placed below the web If the air pressure is accidentally increased, an abnormally large bulge will quickly form due to this high pressure. The top of the bulge then rapidly ruptured upward. The torn part of this bulge The minutes remain suspended in the air stream above the web, and the carding machine 0.9 to 12 meters (3 to 4 feet) long while providing fiber became. This tear resembles a long "tail" and is connected to the remains of the cart jaw nib. drawn together harmlessly into the focusing guide and as part of the Slyno ;- It came out from the other side of the focusing guide. Whether or not the bulge burst and became a tail depends on This was clearly observable and could be easily determined by the operator. The inventor is a half-speed system After starting research and many trials and errors, we decided to use an actual car at a customer's plant. We have developed a reliable and sufficiently accurate operating method that correlates well with the Ru.

Disclosure of invention The present invention provides that textile staple fibers with natural or artificial crimps are 4.2 to 3175 cm (5.6 to 12.5 inches) weighted flat This method provides a method to measure whether or not the number of vehicles is balanced, and the method is Consists of tep.

The staple fiber card web is transferred to a carding machine and its dossier. A test station with a gas jet placed at the bottom of the card web from the cylinder. advance upwards. This cart 9 web has a length of 0.914 meters (years). ) per length, 0.0648 grams per cylinder width 2.54 cIn Weight of up to 0.27 grams (1 grain/I/I to 4.2 grains/in) have Place the gas jet 508 to 30.48 cm below the card web ( (2 to 12 inches) and at least 2.54 cm (1.0 inch) wide. , impinging the gas on the carded web over a length of 3.81 cm (1.5 inches) or more. let U-shape using Meriam red oil with a specific gravity of 0.827 Single membrane reading of tube manometer (single-1eg reading) is 7.62 to a pressure equal to 3 to 16 inches (40.64 centimeters) to 16 inches; The airflow that operates the manometer is initially set between 55.2 and 1863 kilopascals 274:yh7 in2, gauge pressure) for 4 to 20 gas impingement contacts. Start the test at the test station. For each gas impingement contact, Visible upward movement of 1.27 centimeters (0.5 inches) or more on the normal path of A bulge forms and lasts for 1 to 10 seconds. The first pressure is the bulge It is chosen to be below the value that causes rupture. Pressure at which 80 to 1.00% bursts The gas collision contact is repeated the number of times described above by increasing the level step by step until reaching the same level. each pressure water Record the pressure and number of bursts in the chamber. Then correspond to the number of ruptures at each pressure level. Multiply the level pressure. Multiplication up to that point, including pressure levels at which rupture of 80 inches or more occurs. By summing all the products obtained, the total number of collapse points is obtained.

The number of bursts at each pressure level is summed to obtain the total number of bursts. Finally beat all collapse points Dividing by the number of cracks determines the weighted average number of seats.

The time length of the gas collision contact is determined to last from 10 to 10 seconds as described above; 2.1 to 45 seconds is preferred.

The preferred number of gas impingement contacts per pressure level is 10.

The working pressure is indicated by the single membrane reading of the U-tube manometer, and the pressure is a specific gravity of 0.827. of Merriam Red Oil 7.62 to 40.64 cm (3 to 16 inches) (inches) or equivalent pressure.

Each gas impingement contact forms a visible bulge within the card web, which Extrudes more than 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) above the normal path of the web.

Cart jaw nib length 0.914 meters (1.0 yards) per dotsfa cylinder width 0.089 grams (1,38 grains per inch) ) on the bottom 66 centimeters (2.6 inches) of the cart jaw nib. Place the jet. In the above method, Merriam resin having a specific gravity of 0.827 is used. at a pressure equal to that starting from 7.62 cm (30 inches) of oil. At each pressure level, 20 gas impingements on the card web passing over it Initiate contact. The air flow that operates the manometer is initially 118 kilopascals. (17,1'psig). The duration of each gas impingement contact was 18 seconds. Let it continue.

In addition, the card web length is 0.914 meters (per 10 yards, tonneau 7 arc 0.0648 grams (1 grain) per 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) of diameter The bottom 5.08 cm (2 inches) of the card web with a weight of Place the gas jet at In the above method, Merriamre with a specific gravity of 0.827 At a pressure equal to that starting from 5.1 centimeters (2 inches) of oil, At each pressure level, four gas impingements are made on the carded web passing over it. Initiate contact. The air flow that operates the manometer is initially 552 kilopascals ( 8 psig). The length of time for each gas collision contact is such that it lasts 10 seconds. I will do it.

Furthermore, per 0914 meters (1,0 yards) of card web length, dotufa series 0.089 grams (138 grams) per 254 centimeters (1 inch) of diameter A carded web having a weight of (in) is used. In the above method, specific gravity 0.8 Starting with 7.62 cm (3,0 inches) of 27 Merriam Red Oil at each pressure level at a pressure equal to the pressure applied to the card web passing over it. 10 gas collision contacts are started. The gas flow that operates the manometer is Initially, it is calibrated to 186.3 kilopascals (27 psig). of each gas collision contact The duration should be 10 seconds.

Brief description of the drawing The details of the invention will be explained using the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a part of a typical carding device and a take-up device (partial cross section); FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an elevation of a sliver coiler and a sliver can.

FIG. 2 shows the device and U-tube machining device for initiating gas impingement contact on the cart 9 web. A form of pressure measuring device, such as a nometer, and associated gas conduits and regulating devices. It is a schematic diagram.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged segment of crimped staple fiber.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows a portion of a typical carding device 10. cylinder 12 and flat 14, sofa cylinder 16, supply roll 17 and There is a dosing roll 18. Some carding machines have supply rolls. There are some things that aren't there. The carding device includes a focusing guide 20. A pair of focusing rolls 22 , a sliver take-up device including a sliver can 24 and a take-up stand 27; A winder 26 is attached. The mat or web of fibers 28 is typically a cardigan. It is formed across the carding cylinder, but the carding cylinder is 45.7 Width between 18 and 45 inches (114.3 cm) or more The fiber has a fine structure called a gauge which covers the flat 14 and the carding cylinder 12. It is subjected to the opening action of a thin wire. The Trifur cylinder receives the opened fibers. Then, it is transported to the trifer roll 18 and the supply roll 17, and these rolls are The fiber web 28 is pulled out, and the focusing roll 22 is connected to the supply roll 17 and the focusing guy). K so that the web can be drawn across the 20.

The web is narrowed and focused by the focusing guide 2o into a sliver 30, It is further compressed by a density roll 22. Taking-off device and sliver winding machine 2 6 deposits the sliver 30 on the sliver can 24.

An example of a carding machine is, for example, a John D. -On-Wheels, Inc., it is made by HA5ACO as a sideways - There are products made by Lowell Company, Inc., both of which are 101.6 Sent. The staple fiber is, for example, Fiber Controls C company.

Inc. and Carolina Machinery Company, Inc., a chute feeder (not shown) is used to feed the chute into the carding machine. (No) can be done. Carding equipment and feeders are well known in the art. belongs to. As explained above, the carding process It has the function of separating fibers to form a fibrous web. This web is relatively Loose, essentially untwisted bundles of fibers aligned in parallel and condensed into slivers. It is then subjected to the next yarn spinning.

In FIG. 2, the test stage between the doffer cylinder 16 and the focusing guide 200 In a space named Section 32, Cardweb is in charge of Trifa Cylinder and Tonfa. - from the roll (including the supply roll if there is one) to the condensing guide 20 the jet at a predetermined distance below the card web. A tote device 34 was placed. This predetermined distance is 5.08 cm ( 2 inches) and 30.48 centimeters (12 inches).

This jet device uses a gas source such as air and gas impingement contact with the card web. properly coupled to a mechanism for driving the

Collision contact between the web and the gas is 2.54 cm (2.54 cm) across the width of the carded web. 381 cm (1,5 inch) or more along the length of the card web inch) or more, causing a visible bulge 36 to form in the card web.

This visible bulge should be at least 2.54 cm (1.0 in.) or larger, preferably 2.54 cm (1.0 in.) h) protrude more than

The gas impingement contact is for a period of 1.0 to 10 seconds, preferably 2.1 to 45 seconds, respectively. Lasts for a predetermined length of time.

The initial pressure is chosen such that it does not rupture the visible bulge in the card web.

Gas impingement contact is carried out at progressively increasing pressure levels until 80-100% rupture occurs. It is repeated 20 times.

As a result of the rupture, fibers are separated from the web and an upwardly extending tail 38 is formed. Ru. The tails are tied together at the upstream part of the card web, while the tips of the tails are tied together at the beginning. This is the part that separates into two and protrudes upward due to gas collision contact. As a result, the tail is , depending on the operating environment, at what height is 254 cm (1 inch) above the bulge? be observed.

Visible or easily observable bulges in the card web; To understand how the bursting of a bulge is consistent with the design of the present invention, it is necessary to Know how the jet device 34 is connected to provide gas impingement contact. It is necessary to Web jet device 34 is preferably located below the centerline of the web. but placed at the bottom of the web on the 10,000 side or the other side with respect to the center line. You can also do that.

The jet device 34 determined to be most effective is 1016 to 1.27 mm. 5play with orifice of Meddle (0.040 to 0.050 inch) It is a co3i GG stainless steel jet. This jet device is a card web Upon contact with the web, the distance of the web from the jet device increases; it continues to spread as τ, Approximately 101 at a distance of 10.16 centimeters (4 inches) from the jet device A conical pattern with a clear outline of 6 centimeters (4 inches). Formed.

To define the general shape of this air pattern, the jet is given a 1034 kilopascal (15 bonds/10,000 inches) to make the water visible and the jet device was directed downward toward the drain. 454 to 182 kg (10 to 40 kg) Observing the effects of various jets on the card fiber thrust edge at 7 o'clock 5.08 cm to 30.5 cm from the orifice of the jet device (2 inches to 12 inches) to detect the point of collapse or rupture. It was determined that the jet device described above was the best for forming a stable and uniform single shadow. It was done. The visible bulge is 1.27 cm above the normal path of the card web ( 0.5 inches) or more, preferably 2.54 centimeters (1.0 inches) or more will. The jet device 34 is connected to a suitable gas conduit connected to the renoid valve 42. It is connected to the tube and further connected to the T-tube 44 . T-tube 44 is a dispersion jet device 48. Sudden shock loads or shock effects due to gas impingement can be applied to the mouth wall. Therefore, the conduit 400 portion between the jet device 34 and the solenoid valve 42 is It shall consist of two or more sections connected directly to the jet device This section of conduit 40 connected to 34 is 1.22 meters long (4 ft) or larger, with an inner diameter of 0.64 cm (0.25 inch) or larger. will be accomplished. This pipe should be at least 0.46 meters (15 feet) long and have an inside diameter of 1.9 Connect to a centimeter or larger strong tube or air hose, then connect this tube to the solenoid It is suitable to connect to the idle valve 42.

Through trial and error, the inventor discovered that the conduit portion between the jet device and the solenoid valve 42 This configuration allows for rapid and smooth sliding without significant shock action. It has been found that this enables the formation of a bulge due to collisional contact with the gas. A shot like this This must be avoided as it can cause premature formation of tails.

There is a balance valve 50 between the dissipation solenoid valve 46 and the dissipation jet device 480; It has the function of balancing the manometer pressure when switching between the jet devices 34 and 48. . The inventor has determined that the K at which the balance valve 5° functions most effectively is when the jet 48 is Refice diameter must be 1.5 mm (006 inches) or more I found out.

A conduit 40 extends from the T-tube 44 toward an orifice block 52, The orifice block 52 has a function of indicating a U-shaped tube manome. within the block The orifice diameter is, for example, 1.98 millimeters (0,078 inches). Guidance The inner diameter of tube 40 is greater than or equal to 0.64 centimeters (0.25 inches).

From the orifice block 52, a conduit 4o is directed to the needle valve 50, and further to the pressure Extends toward the controller 58 (which adjusts the air flow that operates the manometer) and It finally reaches the gate valve 62 via the union 6o. The gate valve is a large sword supply line. 64.

Solenoid valves 42 and 46 are actuated in the appropriate sequence by push button 66. and the pushbutton is connected to the ATS MO3 time-delay relay (Automatic Timing and Controls Company, Inc-.

Electronic tie-r-68K, ATC relay such as type 328A200QIOXX) Connected with Ys. The renoid valves 42 and 46 are connected to the electrical connection 6, respectively. 5 and 67 are connected to the timer. Toggle switch 70 (Cut'l er-Harnmar A 8370K 107) is a current on-off switch It is set up for the purpose of feeding. The timer is connected to the power supply by electrical connection 69.

Plastic tubes with a diameter of 0.64 centimeters (X inches) or more72.7 4 etc., the orifice of the orifice block should be included between the pipe connections. connected to each side of the orifice block 52 and further connected to each leg of the U-tube manometer 54. connected to the section. The U-shaped manometer initially has a specific gravity of 0.827 up to the zero scale line. Filled with Merriamre Lado oil. For convenience of piping and piping connections, use an appropriate T-shape. Use tubes, reducing fittings, elbows, unions, etc. to attach the conjugate test unit to the test stand. 32 and the general outline of the carding device. centre Frame 76 supports the timer and related mechanisms as well as the lenoid valve and the like. web The jet device 34 is supported by a frame 77.

operation The operator's first action is to place toggle switch 70 in the "on" position.

The solenoid valve 46 to the dissipating jet device 48 is normally set open. The solenoid valve 42 to the web jet device 34 is normally set to close. The operator can set the pressure level with the needle valve 56. . The needle valve 56 is, for example, 127 mm on a single manometer for Merriam Rerad oil. The pressure is adjusted to be equal to centimeters (5 inches).

This circuit directs the solenoid to the dissipation jet device 48 when the operator presses the pushbutton 66. The solenoid valve 46 is closed and the solenoid valve is directed toward the web jet device 34 at about the same time. 42 opens and a timer 68 allows airflow to flow through the webjet device.

The time interval of this air flow was experimentally determined as described below, and As per the requirements for calibrating the various conjugation tests above, simply time delay data This can be changed by changing the dial. The operator must ensure that each gas impingement contact Press the push button each time you start. During this time, the operator can indicate collapse due to tail formation. Observe the web to determine whether or not. After this, the solenoid valve operates is reversed and automatically shuts off air to the web jet device 34 and dissipates the dissipation jet device. Air is allowed to flow through position 48. This method and the calculation of the obtained data will be explained later. do.

Weighted average number of conjugations The bulge in the card web formed by gas collision contact collapses at a certain pressure level ( After discovering the formation of a tail (bursting), it was What the web cannot withstand is the overall damage of a batch or bale of staple fiber. It occurred to me that there might be a significant correlation with carding performance. child While proceeding with the idea, the inventor realized that the formation It was discovered that there is a pressure level at which the bulge does not collapse (rupture).

Then, as the single manometer pressure level is gradually increased, the number of collapses, that is, the number of ruptures, increases. The pressure increases until it reaches a pressure level that actually causes the bulge formation in the clasp to collapse (rupture). .

In this way, the inventors have determined in this application that the weighted average number of conjugations (weighted a A decision value called veaage cohesion number was reached.

Multiply the number of bursts at each pressure level by the manometer reading for that pressure level, Until the pressure water collapses (bursts) 8 to 10 times out of every 10 times it begins to expand (and then ) and dividing it by the total number of collapses (ruptures) gives the weighted average number of conjugations. The value represented is obtained.

For convenience, this test may be performed using, for example, (Merriam Red Oil) 127 centimeters (5 Start with a pressure equivalent to a single manometer reading (inches). This level (12, 7 centimeters), if several collapses occur out of 10 gas collisions, then The test was carried out at a pressure level of 10.2 centimeters (4 inches), 5, etc., 10 times. Test to a level that does not cause collapse due to gas collision contact. 15.2 centimeters after that (6 inches), 17.8 cm (switch), etc. to gradually increase the pressure level. As the temperature increases, the final level at which 80cm collapses (ruptures) occurs for a particular test sample. Test to the standard.

As a practical matter, a single manometer reading of less than 76 centimeters (3 inches) The collapse was never acknowledged. For convenience, the reading of the right leg of the U-tube manometer is use

The following examples illustrate poly(ethylene terephthalate) polyester staples. 0.167 tex (167 decitex) like fiber/filament Staple length of 38.1 mm (1.5 D/F x 1.5 inch) Textile staple fiber mixed fibers (“mixed fibers” are Santal refers to fibers harvested from multiple locations within the soil). weighted using This shows how to calculate the average number of conjugations. Prior to the main test, this first conjugation test As a starting point for calibration of the unit (hereinafter referred to as unit 1), the weighted average The test unit was fitted with a 1103 kilopascal (16 pounds per square inch) gauge. mouth pressure and a dienoto-web distance of 10.2 centimeters (4 inches). Set the timer to 3.9 for each of the 10 gas impingement contacts at each pressure level. I set it to seconds.

Example 1 Single manometer 10 times gas collision contact Manometer preset pressure level pre-top Hit collapse (tail total point value per level formation) number of times (senna meters × Number of collapses) 7.62 (3 inches) 0 ° 0 (0) 10.2 cm (low) (4 inches) 1 10.2 (4) 12.7 cIrL (5 inches) 5 63. 5 (25) 15.2c1rL (6 inches) 6 91.2 (36) 17, 8 cm (high) (finch), 10 178.0 (70) total 22 342 ．． 9 (135) = 15.6 centimeters (61 inches) weighted average Example 2゜ Test bales of fibers from New Comte had weighted conjugation numbers ranging from 142 to 15.0 cents. cm (5.6 to 59 inches). Information about the customer who received this shipment. According to the report, this carding performance was marginal but acceptable. slight By no means did this fiber pass the customer's card web and sliver breakage standards. Will. In addition, this fiber can weigh between 409 and 455 kg (409 to 455 kg), which is the customer's goal. 90 to 100 Bonds) Consistently achieve carding speed of 7 hours/card. It would have been expensive. That is, if the fiber is not as good as acceptable at the edge of The client's judgment that it was not correct was based on good quality evidence. operate similar fibers A few other customers also confirmed this finding for the same range of conjugation numbers. next To solve this borderline acceptable problem, we modified the weighted average conjugation test method and The results were monitored.

Crimper per kilogram of fiber (bond) - more water vapor for a better crimp angle By improving the sharpness (approximately 88 to 92 degrees) and crimp durability, the number of conjugations increases to a range of 18.8 to 22.1 centimeters (74 to 8 inches). Ta. With this high standard of conjugation, customers can achieve their target carding production without any difficulty The speed is 409-454 kg (90-100 lb)/hour/carbi was able to achieve this. FIG. 3 shows segments of staple fiber 78. Please refer to this for explanation. The interval 80 represents one crimp, and the angle 8 2 represents the crimp angle.

Example “3゜ During quality testing, the veil was found to have low conjugation and was tested 10 times at each pressure level. The weighted average conjugation number when gas collision contact was performed was 10.9 cm ( It was only 43 inches).

A laboratory carding machine produces 20.4 to 23.6 kg (45 to 52 kg). lb) Unable to sustain carding at a speed higher than 7 o'clock, the web Broken. Two more attempts were made with this bale (4.3 inches and 45 inches). Excellent reproducibility was obtained. If the number of crimps per inch is sufficiently large, , the weighted average number of conjugations for the next bale in the same fiber production increases, and the majority of each bale minutes have a weighted average conjugation value greater than 1498 centimeters (5,9 inches) It has now reached the point where there is nothing smaller than 142 centimeters (5.6 inches). . The fibers are mixed and 132 kilograms (60 pounds) are prepared at 7 o'clock at the customer's carding speed.

Example 4. ( Low conjugation failure, low-marginal pass, normal, high-marginal pass and Determine the general weighted average conjugation test method that represents the level of conjugation failure. Additional tests were conducted to confirm the results. This test fails due to low conjugation. (Collapsed web and failure to card at target speed) (for reasons such as) 9 bales, borderline passing and normal carding performance. 30 veils and tendency to tear and curl the fibers due to excessive conjugation Eight ・(-rules) were used.

In summary, 0128 to 0.244 tex (115 to 22 denier)/frame Filament, stable fiber length 305-508 cm (1,2 0 to 2.00 inch) staple lot, 101. , 6 cm Weighted Conjugation Disclosed in the Present Application with a Dollar (40 Inch) Dotsfer Klinder John D. Hol’lings with a conjugation test device to measure the number worth carding machine, 3.56±0194 grams (55±3 grams) ) Polyester (polyethylene terephthalate polymer) tested by operating at 7 o'clock (based on), the following general quality control standards were obtained:

Less than 14.2 (5, 6) Low To be removed from normal fibers Half ※ Rice 14.2 to 152 Boundary-low tolerance approval, but safety factor required] 56 to 599 ) 15.21-26.4 Normal 15.21 to 26.4w, no box required] 6.0 ~104) Can be subdivided upon request 26.41-31.75 Boundary-Height'' Approved, however, the safety factor is lower. '104 to 12.5) 0 A textile factory that operates a carding machine for 34 kilograms (75 bonds) in less than 7 hours. Some factories operate at or above this production rate. In addition, the type of processing equipment, The number of years of use and conditions vary depending on the factory. That is, the conjugation value is 15.21 to 264. centimeter (60 to 104 inches) range is available; A range of conjugation values may be more appropriate. i.e. for a particular customer or textile type. Appropriate additional standards can be developed for each type. Tex (denier)/ Examples where the filament is less than 0.128 (1,15) or more than 0.24 (2-2) For example, 0, 33 to 3.33 tex (3-30 deg) used in roller carts etc. A separate standard is required for polyester fibers (neel)/filaments.

The Future Boundary Zone is designed to provide a margin of safety to avoid producing high or low conjugation fibers. can be used.

Example 5゜ 4.54 to 6.8 kilograms (1o to 15 pounds) of staple fiber bags were collected as composite spools to make 10 bales each of sewing thread industrial fibers. The company conducted a multi-month manufacturing trial program. Next, specific gravity 0.827 A single reading of a U-tube manometer using Merriam Rerad oil of 7.62 cm. At each pressure level at a pressure equal to the pressure starting at 3,0 in. Each composite sample was tested using the present invention including 10 gas impingement contacts. child Typical results obtained from this test are as follows.

Table B 1 1-1019.6 (7,7) X l　11-2020.6(8,1)　X121-30　H,1(8,3)　x l 31-4019.3 (7,6) Xl 41-, 5018.8 (7,4) X151-end 17.0 (6,7)× 2 1-1018.5 (7, 3) X 2　11-2018.8(7,4)　x2　21-3014.7(5,8)　X Rice 2 31-4020.6 (8,1) X2 41-5019.1 (7,5) X2 51-6018.3 (7,2) X2° 61-7018.8 (7,4 ) X2 71-8018.3 (7,2) x2 81-9018.5 (7,3 ) X2 91-10017.8(7,0)×2 101-110 13.0( 5,1) X Future 2 111-120 14.5 (5,7) X Future Rice 21 21-13021.1 (8,3) x2131-14022.6 (8,9) x2 141-15021.3 (8,4) X2151-end 18.3 (7,2 )　x3　1-1020.3(8,0)　X 3 11-2021.3 (8, 4) X3 21-3019.8 (7, 8) x 3 31-4021.6 (8,5) x3 41-5020.8 (8,2) x 3 51-6023.6 (9,3)× 3 61-7021.6 (8,5)× 3 71-8021.1 (8,3) X3 81-9018.5 (7,3) X rice rice lymph Future crimper malfunction Rice-*-Rice crimper adjustment Example 6 The example below shows four gas per pre-swaged single manometer pressure levels. Describe a conjugation test in which collisional contacts were made and the weighted average conjugation number was then calculated. . In this example, the card web length is 0914 meters (10 yards per 10 yards, 7 tons 0.0648 grams per 2.54 cm (1 inch) of cylinder width No. 3 carding machine to produce a lightweight web with a weight of (1 grain) was set. The width of the dotsfa shilling is 1016 centimeters (40 inches). h). The carding machine used in the previous example produced a heavy web. Therefore, the calibration procedure described above was necessary to adjust to the desired settings. comparison As a result of the forward procedure, the jet-to-web distance was 508 cm (2 inches). , the inlet air pressure was 552 kgomiscal (8 psig), measured by the pressure gauge on the pressure regulator. setting) and time to 10 seconds, weighted average conjugation is performed on another carding machine. Using a sample of crimped polyester staple fiber whose number was measured previously, It has been found that the desired calibration state can be obtained by Carding machine No. 3, 3 3 kg (73 bonds) was arranged to be held at 7 o'clock. Obtained at the start of production Nine kilograms (19,8,1'?nd) of crimped polyester fiber samples were tested. did. This fiber is 1.5 tex/filament/) (14 denier/filament/) The stator length was 38 mm (149 inches). This test is A single reading of a U-tube manometer equals 5.1 centimeters (2 inches) of pressure We started with pressure because the history for this particular fiber was unknown. Ru.

The following weighted average conjugation numbers were obtained.

Preset gas collision contact Preset manometer 5.1 cm (2 inch) OO, 0 (0) Number of destruction points 7.6 cIrL (3 inch > 2 1 5.2 (6) 10.2 CTIL (4 inches) 4 40.8 (16) #12. 7cm (5 inches) *-*Future total 6 56.0 (22) Number of fiber conjugates, that is, weighted average number of conjugates = rice. Differential pressure measured by cutting ÷ rice Unsampled is 80 or more in 10.2 an of this test Since it had a decay number of 12.7C:rn, there was no need to remove it.

Example 7゜ A separate carding machine was equipped with a conjugation test apparatus and calibrated as described above. jet - The distance between the webs measures 66 centimeters (2,6 inches) and the pressure adjustment The required population pressure measured with the gauge of the meter is 118 kilopascals (17, tz/nd). The timer was set to 18 seconds. this khadi 0.914 m (1.0 yd.) Approximately 0.089 grams (1,38 gray) per 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) The machine was set to produce a sliver with a weight of For convenience, the sliver weight ( 356 grams) (55 grains) is 0.914 meters (1,0 yards) long. Three slivers were weighed and averaged. The production started after regular mechanical maintenance. 40 kilograms (88 pounds) of crimped polyester staples come off the production line. A fiber sample was obtained. From a pressure level of 7,62 centimeters (3,0 inches) Air jet the web 20 times per preset half-press manometer level to begin. In a conjugation test in which gas impact contact was applied to h) The weighted conjugation number was obtained. The specifications for this fiber lot are up to /3115.5 Since we were requesting a weighted average conjugation number of 100 cm (6,0 inches) or more, 254 Increases the number of crimps per centimeter (the number of crimps per inch) , the crimper-water vapor pressure was sufficiently increased to reduce the weighted average conjugation number to 17.3 centimeters. cm (6.8 inches). After two more tests, the value was 162 cells. inch (68 inches). In this case, the customer's carding machine In order to further process the liver to produce high quality sewing thread, 13. 6 kilograms (30 lbs.) It was set to operate at 7 o'clock.

Example 8゜ The carding machine was equipped with a conjugation test apparatus and calibrated as described above. jet-woo The inter-web distance measured was 89 centimeters (3.5 inches). pressure regulation The required population pressure measured with a meter gauge is 1863 kilopascals (27 pounds per million square meters). inch gauge (psig) and the timer was set to 1 second. This card Operate the carding machine at 68 kg (15 lb) at 7 o'clock carding speed. -1.9 Web length 0.914 meters (1.0 yards I-#) Approximately 0.089 grams (1,3 The standard was set to produce a web weight of 8 grains). After regular mechanical maintenance 20 kilograms (44 pounds) of crimped polyester were produced from the newly started production line. A blended sample of staple fibers was obtained. First 7.62 cm ( At each half-press manometer level preset to 3.0 inches), the web is In a conjugation test in which gas bombardment was brought into contact with the , 4i/i) were obtained using the procedure described above.

Example 9゜ crimped poly with a weighted average conjugation number of 16.2 centimeters (64 inches) In a series of tests using ester blend fibers, card lengths of 0.91'4 meters (1 ,0 yards), 0.0 yards per 2.54 centimeters (inches) of card web width. Comparison of conjugate test units up to 27 grams (4.2 grains/inch) web weight The inventors have discovered that this is possible.

Example 10° The carding machine was equipped with a conjugation test apparatus and calibrated as described above. jet-woo The distance between the webs was measured at 8.9 centimeters (35 inches), and the pressure regulator The required population pressure measured with the gauge is 1130 kilopascals (16,4 pSig) and set the timer to 3.8 seconds. 13.6kg stiff carding machine Operating at gram/hour (30 bonds/hour), 4 per 0.914 meters (yards) Sliver weighing 2 grams (65 grains/yerby); set to make -J did. 0.13 tex/filament and 38 cm staple (12 denier/filament and 1,5 inch staple length) Four samples of crimped polyester staple fiber were used.

The width of the pitcher cylinder was 101.6 centimeters (40 inches). . Start at a pressure level of 2.54 cm (1.0 in) for each sample. In a conjugation test with 10 gas impingement contacts at each pressure level, 31.2 Crn( 12,3 inches), 33,3 cm (13,1 inches), 32,3 cm (12,3 inches) A weighted average conjugation value of 31.8 cm (12,5 inches) It was done. The U-tube manometer measures the height of the visible bulge at various pressure levels. The test began at a semi-solid reading of 2.54 centimeters (1.0 inch).

This ongoing research has shown that this novel method of measuring and calculating the weighted average conjugation number is , ensuring accurate and fast staple fiber carding performance in customer factories to prevent defective fibers from being shipped. I discovered that it can be manipulated.

Some of the causes that require prompt detection and correction include It is better to be a dog, and if the water vapor line is damaged or leaks, it may cause damage to the water vapor line. There are problems such as problems during fiber orientation (stretching) or drying.

In the course of these experiments, it was found that no two carding machines were accurate in web formation. found that they are not similar. That is, mixed fibers from the same lot are used for calibration. ((, inlet pressure regulator, timer and jet-to-web for conjugation test) It was found that the set of distances had to be different values for each carding machine. It was. Sliver weight is used for various purposes such as quality control and technical services. It has also been found that it is important to vary the quantity and production speed of the carding machine.

Subsequently, these experiments show that different carding machines can Can be calibrated to give identical weighted average conjugation numbers when testing pull fibers It has also been proven that it is possible.

The following description can be used for various purposes requiring different sliver weights and production speeds. The test stations on the various carding machines used are How to give almost identical weighted average conjugation numbers using multiple fibers This clearly explains how the calibration can be performed.

A. Calibration of conjugation test units on two carding machines Good results with unit I After obtaining the results, the inventor tested 10 bales of fiber composites from a wide range of lot numbers. A unit 2 for a second card was manufactured in the same manner. Fiber of Example 1 fibers give a weighted average conjugation number of 15.5 centimeters (6,1 inches). After confirming that the conjugation test unit 2 is I realized that mixed fibers can be used. However, over time new calibration techniques found that it is necessary. Initially, unit 2 also has an inlet pressure regulator 58 and a timer. 68 and the jet-to-web distance set were the same.

However, the desired value of 15.5(6,1) is not obtained and unit 2 initially has 14 ．． It gave a low weighted average carrying capacity of 48 centimeters (5, switches).

After much trial and error, I discovered that the following calibration method gave the desired results. Ta.

1 Set the manometer to 15.24 cm (6 inches) for a single reading. (This is 2.5 cm higher than the maximum calibration test value of 17.78 cm (switch). 54 centimeters (1 inch) lower).

2. Collapse at a single manometer reading of 15.24 cm (6 inches) is 3. It was noticed that the inlet pressure was too high, typically occurring early, at 9 second intervals.

Therefore, the results obtained in Example 1015.24 cm (6 inches) 8 on the 15.24 cm (6 inch) manometer reading The inlet pressure was reduced until less than 6 ruptures were obtained. obtained in this way The pressure drop was 104.1 kilopascals (151 psig).

3. Next, measure the fiber with a manometer reading of 17.78 cm (switch). 1 at a new inlet pressure of 1041 kilopascal gauge (15,1 psig). It was confirmed that the product would rupture 0 times.

4. If 10 ruptures did not occur at 17.78 cm, reduce the pressure. Example 1: Exposure time increased to 104.1 kilopascals (15.1 psig) or higher It would have had to be shorter than the 39 seconds used in . The operation in step 4 is Repeated tests at 1524 cm (6 inches) caused excessive damage. If so, first set the jet-web distance to 254 cm (1 stroke). (inch) and start again at step 1.

5. Since the results of step 3 were good, next we performed a single manometer reading of 15.24 seconds. 1778 cm (switch) after 10 gas collisions In h), gas collision contact was performed 10 times. The inventor has determined that 15.24cr+t (6 i Collapse at manometric pressure typically occurs in 2 seconds and 17.78 cm (switch) was observed to generally occur in less than 2 seconds. Therefore 15 ．． 24c1rL (6 inches) greatly reduces the chance of excessive collapse occurring randomly. To reduce the time, reduce the timer from the initial setting of 3.9 seconds to 2.6 seconds. Ta.

6. Next, leave the jet-web distance to, 2 cm (4 inches), Set the inlet pressure to 104.1 kg (15.1 psig) and set the timer to - was newly set to 2.6 seconds, 0.914 meters or less was 3.56 ± 0.194. sliver weight of grams (55±3 grains/yar l-#) and 4.54±0.4 5 kg (IQ ± 1 lb) Full test was carried out with the card machine set at 7 o'clock. Ta. Initial U-tube manometer half-press reading 7.62 cm (3.0 inches) In three trials starting from the value 16.0.15.2 and 15.5 cm These values are 15.5 cm (6,1 cm) obtained in Example 1. This calibration procedure provides the desired calibration for unit 2. It was concluded that

If this test is 15.5 cm (61 in.) obtained for the calibration bale, h), use this as a starting point to obtain the desired calibration. You will need to start from step 1 using the new settings listed in step 6.

In other words, calibration must be performed using a conjugation test unit for each carding device. One thing should be clear.

Once satisfactorily calibrated, unless damage to the carding equipment occurs for any reason, , the conjugate test unit tends to maintain this calibration state over time. Of course , any changes to the conjugation test unit may require recalibration. however , recalibration is rarely required more than once every six to eight weeks.

8. Holder for testing slivers of two or more weights on two or more carding machines Calibration of test units provides the most beneficial quality control and/or technical services. When simulating the conditions used in two or more customer plants, It is sometimes necessary to use different sliver weights for printing. For example, a customer Using 356 grams (55 grains) sliver in the carding operation, Another customer may use a 421 gram (65 grain) sliver. Ru.

As previously mentioned, conjugate test units 1 and 2 contained 356 grams (55 grains) of Since it was calibrated using a sliver, it is necessary to recalibrate for this heavier sliver. It would be necessary to do so. It follows the same calibration principle as outlined earlier. But of course the end result is that in order to obtain the required burst with a heavier sliver In order to The time interval set will reflect the fact that the interval needs to be longer. Ji The web-to-web distance can be increased or decreased as described above, but it depends on the calibration. This is only to facilitate the achievement of the required weighted average number of vehicles as necessary. Former 454 kg (10 bond) slightly higher than the 7 o'clock carding speed. loading speed e.g. 68 or 18.2 kg (15 or 40 lbs. ) / The same principle holds true for the recalibration required to change to a special carding speed. will stand.

Another, more expensive, automated test requires at least 15.2 centimeters (15.2 cm) of Built-in photocell system to detect the collapse point of the visible bulge above (6 inches) , emits an automatic flash of red light to notify the operator that the collapse point has been reached. and/or automatically record collapse versus total exposure. Other detectors instead of photocells can also be used, and more than one detector can be used if necessary. Soleno The id valve is useful for rapidly terminating tail formation, so temporary Can be used for blocking. Of course, more expensive systems require pushbutton switch construction. The number of movements, the number of collapses, the pressure level and the time interval from actuation to collapse are recorded on the computer. It will automatically calculate the input and output the data. As another option, U-shape Electronic manometer i.e. pressure transducer and need instead of tube manometer A receiver and recorder can be used.

Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, the spirit of the invention and It will be understood that various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the invention.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Stable fiber card web carding machine and its dossier From the cylinder, a test station with a gas jet placed at the bottom of the carded web the said card web, provided that the card web length is 0.9 Per 14 meters (1.0 yards), the width of the dotfur cylinder is 2.54 centimeters. 0.0648 grams to 0.27 grams per inch (1 gray) grains/inch to 4.2 grains/inch), and The length is 5.08 to 30.48 cm (2 to 1 cm) below the card web. 2 inches) and 2.54 centimeters (1 inch) across the width of the card web. ．． 0 inches) and 3.81 centimeters (1 inch) along the length of the carded web. ．． 5 inches) or more to provide gas impingement contact with the carded web. and; Merriam Red oil with a specific gravity of 0.827 has a single leg reading of 7.62 on a U-tube manometer. at a pressure equal to 3 to 16 inches (40.64 cm) to 40.64 cm (3 to 16 inches), 4 to 20 gas impingements on the card web passing over the top of the test station Initiate contact, but the air flow operating the manometer is initially 55.2 to 18 Calibrated to 6.3 kilopascals (8 to 27 psig), each gas impingement contact Visible over 1.27 centimeters (0.5 inches) on its normal path to the road web It forms a bulge and lasts for 1 to 10 seconds, and the above-mentioned first The pressure must be less than the value that causes the bulge to burst; The pressure of gas collision contact is gradually raised to a higher level until the level reaches 80 to 100% rupture. repeating said gas impingement contact until resulting in; and Record the pressure and number of bursts at each pressure level; each corresponds to the number of bursts at each pressure level. Multiply the pressure value of the level; including pressure levels at which 80% or more burst Sum all the products obtained in the above multiplication steps in to obtain the total number of collapse points. ; adding the number of bursts at each of said pressure levels to obtain a total number of bursts; and determining a weighted average number of conjugations by dividing the total number of collapse points by the total number of ruptures; A spinning stable fabric with natural or artificial crimps consisting of steps of Eye bars 14.2 to 31.75 cm (5.6 to 12.5 inches) ) has a weighted average number of conjugations. 2. Claims in which the time length of the gas collision contact lasts from 1.8 to 10 seconds. The method described in paragraph 1. 3. Claims characterized in that the time length of the gas collision contact lasts from 2.1 to 4.5 seconds. The method described in box 1. 4. Each gas impingement contact is 2.54 cm (2.54 cm) Claim 1: Forming a visible bulge in the card web that protrudes by 1 inch or more The method described in section. 5. The advancing card web has a card web length of 0.914 meters (1.0 per yard), per 2.54 cm (1 inch) of dotufur cylinder width. The gas jet has a weight of 0.089 grams (1.38 grains). located 6.6 centimeters (2.6 inches) below the card web, and The above starting step was performed using 7.62 centimeters of Merriam Red oil with a specific gravity of 0.827. upward at each pressure level equal to the pressure starting at cm (3.0 inches). initiating 20 gas impingement contacts against the passing carded web; The air flow to operate the manometer was initially set to 118 kilopascals (17.1 psig). calibrated, and wherein the time length of each said gas impingement contact is 1.8 seconds in duration. The method described in box 1. 6. Claim 1, wherein the number of gas impingement contacts initiated per pressure level is 10. The method described in. 7. The advancing card web has a card web length of 0.914 meters (1.0 per yard), per 2.54 cm (1 inch) of dotufur cylinder width. The gas jet has a weight of 0.0648 grams (1 grain). located at the bottom 5.08 centimeters of the web and said starting step. is 5.1 centimeters (2 inches) of Merriam Red oil with a specific gravity of 0.827. ) against the carded web passing above at each pressure level equal to the pressure starting from ). The air flow that operates the manometer includes initiating four gas impingement contacts. was initially calibrated to 55.2 kilopascals (8 psig), and each of the gas collisions described above 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the duration of the contact is 10 seconds. 8. The advancing card web has a card web length of 0.914 meters (1.0 per yard), per 2.54 cm (1 inch) of dotufur cylinder width. The gas jet has a weight of 0.089 grams (1.38 grains). located 8.9 centimeters (3.5 inches) below the card web, and The above starting step was performed using 7.62 centimeters of Merriam Red oil with a specific gravity of 0.827. upward at each pressure level equal to the pressure starting at cm (3.0 inches). initiating 10 gas impingement contacts against the passing carded web; The air flow to operate the manometer was initially set to 186.3 kilopascals (27 psig). calibrated, and the duration of each gas impingement contact is 10 seconds in duration. The method described in.