JPS62501694A - brooch - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] brooch The present invention has the features described in the generic concept of claim 1. Regarding brooches for becoming.

Conventionally, the crankbin in a cast or forged crankshaft also includes the main shaft and guide bin. It was also processed by rough turning or milling, finish turning and polishing.

Rough machining of the crankshaft bin results in a polygonal surface morphology. At the end of the machining process In order to obtain a circular surface in the individual bin areas, a turning or polishing process is carried out afterwards. It is necessary.

Traditionally, two different machining methods are used to produce crankshaft bins. This results in significant mechanical costs. Therefore, to avoid this cost, It has already been proposed to process the link shaft pins by so-called rotary broaching. It is. In this case, the workpiece is the axis of the bottle to be machined, as in the case of turning. Can be rotated around a line. Then the broach will be processed tangentially. Rubin cleans me and guides me. Machining multiple coaxial bins on the crankshaft If necessary, the processing of the bottles can be carried out at the same time, each with one broach on the same broach. It is done by roach feeding.

A processing speed of 250 n/m can be obtained by this proposed rotary broaching process. On the other hand, conventional broaching on a stationary workpiece takes 35 minutes depending on the material. The speed was between m/-=m and 45 m/Jlin.

The problem of the present invention is to manufacture broaches of the type mentioned at the beginning in large quantities with high requirements for precision. The goal is to configure the structure to be suitable for production. This problem is the characteristic part of claim 1 solved by the characteristics of Further advantageous embodiments of this brooch are subject to the claims. It is listed in the genus section.

The advantages of the features mentioned in the dependent claims are explained individually in the description of the subsequent drawings.

Furthermore, in rotary broaching, the cutting edge of the broach cuts at least once on the workpiece. There is a problem in that the cutting engagement must be made with the workpiece over a period of time. this usually requires a predetermined maximum cutting length that cannot be below. In this case Assume that the broach is being finished cut. This is because the cut is perpendicular to the cutting edge. The cutting range of the cutting edge is aligned within the central axis of the cutting edge during the cutting process. from the inner edge placed to the outer edge, i.e. into the groove to be broached. Move from the mind to its outer range. In this way, the cutting range moves and the cutter becomes the cutting edge. By making the facet breaker groove and facet breaker protrusion perpendicular to the It is not effective to place the blade or something similar on the cutting surface of the cutting body as in the past. There will be no fruit. Another object of the invention is therefore to provide a brooch of the type mentioned at the outset. The facets formed by the cutting edges that extend from the center axis of the reach to the side edges are relatively short. are effectively folded at intervals, which eliminates the problem of facet ejection with respect to facet formation. It is also suitable for workpiece materials that are The problem is solved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 23. As a result, During upcutting, the cutting edge starts from the central axis and extends only to the interruption, where it Folded. The continuation of the cutting edge between the interruption and the outside of the broach or other interruption is new. Features a different cut According to the features in the characterizing part of claim 32, the interruptions are stepped and arranged one after the other. The gap is formed by the gap between the two cutting blade bodies that are positioned in the same direction. This structural aspect It is said that a large groove width can be manufactured with a cutting body that has a fixed width dimension without steps. It has another advantage. This cutting body is available in iso and standard for cost saving reasons. It can be a plate. In addition, the cutting body is moved from the iso and reference plate to the final Shape: C Savings are obtained when polished. Place the broaches on both sides of the center axis of the broach. Adjustment of the effective width of the cutting edges of both cutting bodies placed above the roach is in this case This is done by positioning the plate appropriately on the bench.

In the broach of claim 1, the machining in the cutting start range (partial range A) is The operator simply cuts the shoulder using a shoulder cutting plate. Second broach engagement range .

In the partial range (partial range B), an end face cutting plate is prepared for bottle cutting. It is growing.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the workpiece to be processed in the rotary broaching process is, for example, a forged or has a deformation of the ring groove to be formed as in the case of a cast crankshaft. It starts from the fact that we do. Broach for processing such workpieces In some cases, the cutting start range (partial range A) has a correspondingly small cutting volume. The second part has a correspondingly high cutting efficiency, whereas the machining of the bottle has a correspondingly high cutting efficiency. It would be disadvantageous if it were to start only in the range (subrange B). Cut High-bottle cuts (rough cuts) that begin after the cutting start area are the final cut of the broach. Increased vibration in the rear partial area (part D) provided for machining [finishing] Bring on the load. This is the finishing zone that is important for the clean surface finish of the broach. resulting in undesirable vibration effects on the horn.

Another object of the invention is therefore to provide a broach of the type mentioned at the outset for a range of finishes. The aim is to minimize the inconvenient effects as much as possible. This assignment is requested The problem was solved by the characteristics of the characteristic part of the sought range item 38. This allows for rough machining. A larger part of the machining and cutting volume is now transferred to the starting area of the broach. Ta. For example, cast or forged skins that are still present are already in the cutting start area on all sides. removed. This is recommended for final or finishing machining that generates only a small amount of vibration. As a result, more broach lengths are available. The cutting/machining residual volume is distributed over larger broach lengths. As a result, the surface quality of the workpiece Improved. Furthermore, according to the present invention, machining with a standard plate is possible in the rough cutting range. You will be able to do it. This is in the broach area that is under heavy load and has severe wear. It has the advantage of being able to be processed with an inexpensive cutting blade.

The cutting edge body located in the center with respect to the central axis of the broach extends over the entire width of the groove on both cutting edges. can be extended. This is especially true for the finishing range of brooches. On the other hand, In another embodiment, which is advantageous for the roughing range of the roach, the cutting edge is the width of the broach. It does not extend all the way. In such cases, the cutting edge body has the function of a front cutting edge. , this front cutting edge has a cutting edge body that reaches the lateral area of the broach at the rear when viewed in the feed direction. It continues in a similar arrangement.

They are placed on both sides of the central axis of this cutting body (in the stern shape between the broaching surfaces, The butt edge, which is saturable in the vertical plane of the core axis, has a particularly high abrasion attack at the tip of the cutting edge. Accurate cutting pitch cannot be guaranteed in this range. this Both chips formed by the cutting blade that performs tensile cutting after cutting starts are the cutting edges of the cutting blade body. It does not have a unique lateral position to start with. The separation of the cut glass is influenced by external influences. The solid axis of the broach without being able to give, and even placed on both sides of the solid axis (done on one side or the other side of the stern-like butt edge between the two faces) It will be done. The resulting facets are located between the facets located on both sides of the central axis. There is a risk that it will get caught on the dollar and interfere with the subsequent facets@Another problem with this invention occurs This prevents the cutting chips from getting stuck in the area of the central cutting body, which in turn prevents the cutting chips from being ejected. It's about improving. This problem can be solved by the features of the characteristic part of claim 46. Resolved. The present invention provides reliable facets with extremely strong resistance and high wear resistance. separation is guaranteed. The characteristic portion of claim 49 is characterized by the derivation of facets laterally. Depending on the features of the characterizing part of claim 50, the separated body may be Becomes able to do things. Depending on the features of the characteristic part of claim 51, The stern-like butt edge between the rake faces of the blade is designed to be especially resistant to wear. can do. The uncertainty of the facet separation point associated with this can be reduced by the present invention. It does not lead to any disadvantageous results for the production. Features of the characteristic part of claim 52 Claim 53, characterized in that the separator is easily held within the broach. Depending on the characteristics of the characteristic part, it may be possible to securely fix the separate body in the longitudinal direction of the broach. You can also direct it.

According to the features of the characterizing part of claim 54, the broach shaft can be used for replacement purposes. allows the separator to be removed from the

The invention will now be explained in more detail using the embodiments shown in the drawings. Face.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the brooch viewed from the direction of the arrow ■ in Figure 1.

Figure 2a is a perspective view of the brooch.

Figure 3 is named "Part A". The front part of the brooch is shown in the direction of the arrow ■ in Figure 1K1. Plan view.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the part of the brooch named ``Part B'' in the direction of the arrow ■ in Figure 1. Surface diagram.

Figure 5 is called "Part C".The part of the brooch is viewed from the direction of the arrow ■ in Figure 1. Plan view.

FIG. 6 is a detailed view seen from the direction of the arrow ■ in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the finished part of the broach shown as "part D" in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a side view of the broach portion viewed from the direction of the arrow ■ in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-■ in FIG. 7.

Figure 1O shows the pair of cutting blades at the cutting start part of the broach viewed from the direction of arrow X in Figure 1. Enlarged view.

Figures 11 to 13 show the rake angle and inclination angle of the cutting body at the cutting position. Different side views of the cutting body towards the beginning;

Figure 14 shows the crankshaft and the broach engaged with it, viewed in the broach feeding direction. side view.

15 to 17 are plan views of rake faces of various cutting blade shapes.

18 and 19 are plan views of two different broach embodiments on the rake face side.

Figures 18a and 19a are detailed side views of the cutting bodies of Figures 18 and 19;

Figures 20 to 22 consist of an odd number of cutting blades, and the central axis or central plane is A plan view of broach cutting blades arranged side by side on both sides.

Figures 23 to 25 are side views seen in the direction of arrows ■-IX in Figures 20 to 22. figure.

FIG. 26 is a plan view of the flank side of the broach section.

FIG. 27 is a side view of the broach section as seen in the direction of arrow H in FIG. 26.

The 28th cause is the workpiece (Figure 26 of the broach that engages the crankshaft pin of the crankshaft). A vertical cross-sectional view along the line ■-■.

FIG. 29 is a vertical sectional view of the crankshaft pin taken along the line IV--IV in FIG. 28.

FIG. 30 is a plan view of a modified embodiment of the broach section corresponding to FIG. 26;

FIG. 31 is a side view seen in the direction of the arrow ■ in FIG. 30.

Figure 32 shows the broach that engages with the crankshaft pin, which corresponds to ■-■ in Figure 30. A sectional view corresponding to FIG. 28.

FIG. 33 is a plan view corresponding to FIGS. 26 and 30 of a modified embodiment of the brooch.

Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view taken straight from Figure 33 of the broach engaged with the workpiece. .

FIG. 35 is a side view taken in the direction of arrow 10 in FIG. 33.

FIG. 36 is a plan view of a portion of the broach on the flank side.

Figure 37 is a side view of the facet grooves provided on the broach as seen in the direction of arrow H in Figure 36. .

FIG. 38 is a side view corresponding to No. 37 of the separator immersed in the line ■-■ of FIG. 36.

FIG. 39 is a sectional view taken along line It/-IV in FIG. 38.

The broach 1 is used, for example, to process the surfaces of the crank pin 2 and guide pin 3 of a crankshaft. used for In this case, the crankshaft is attached to each bearing pin to be machined. can be rotated about the axis of the machine. The broach cutting blade can be replaced with the broach body. A part of the cutting body made of a fixed, hard cutting material, for example a hard metal.

The broach is divided into four parts A-D along its entire length, and parts A and B are roughly cut. Parts C and D form the finishing range.

In the roughing areas A and B of the broach, the tension that can be applied to the workpiece is The working cutting edge forms an acute angle 5 or 6 with the longitudinal axis 7 of the broach (FIG. 2).

The value of this acute angle is an angle between 30° and 60°. Brooch being processed The feed direction is indicated by 8. The cutting blades 4 placed in the rough cutting ranges A and B are It is fixed to the holder 9 or 10 and can be replaced as a whole with the broach shear 711. Fixed.

The roughing area consists of two partial areas A and B located one after the other in the direction of the broach axis 7. That is, it is divided into two holding bodies 9 and 10. The first subrange A is shoulder 13 The second partial area B has a shoulder cutting plate 12 for machining the pin 15. It is equipped with an end plate cutting plate 14 for cutting (Fig. 14).

Two shoulder cutting plates 12 are arranged approximately at right angles to the broach center axis 7. They are placed side by side.

The shoulder-cutting plate 12 has an inverted plate, precisely an approximately rectangular cover surface 16. It is a perforated inverted plate.

Cutting body corners between mutually connected cutting edges of the shoulder cutting plate 12 to the part is chamfered to form a shoulder 19. A straight chamfered edge 20 and this A flat shoulder flank 21 formed at the corner of the cutting body is formed on the adjacent cutting edge 17 or 1. 8 and its flank surface form an angle 22 of the same magnitude. Regarding feed direction 8 The active cutting edge that shoulder-cuts each in succession is cutting edge 17, while the other cutting edges The cutting edge 18 forms a reserve cutting edge. That is, the broach is engaged with the workpiece. In some cases, the shoulder cutting plate 12 is located at a considerable distance from the surface of the crankshaft pins 2 and 3. still has. Therefore, the shoulder cutting plate 12 is centered on the broach longitudinal axis 7. Only the outer cutting edge 17 is brought into contact with the workpiece.

Shoulder cutting plates arranged side by side) 12 (Fig. 10) face the broach longitudinal axis 7. From the broach chassis 11 or its holder 9 at the flank 23 of the reserve cutting edge 18 The support surface 24 that protrudes toward the direction is contacted.

The end face cutting plate 14 disposed in part B extends over the entire width 25 of the broach body. It has a diamond-shaped camo surface. Diamond-shaped cutter of end face cutting plate 14 The force on the longer side of the 2-face, the 2-face diagonal 26, extends at right angles to the longitudinal axis 7 of the broach. There is. This cutting edge 27 is also subjected to tensile processing in the same manner. This cutting edge 27 is a broach. It forms an acute angle 6 with the vertical axis 7.

The opposite diamond-shaped plate corner 28 in the cutting direction 8 is cut off. to this The facet volume is thus obtained in the direction of the longitudinal axis 7 or the adjacent end-cutting plate 14 is reduced. The end cutting plate 14 is adjacent to the flank of the cutting edge 27. upward from the broach chassis 11 or the holding part LO on the mutually V-shaped side surfaces that are in contact with each other. The support surface 30 that protrudes into contact with the support surface 30 . As a result, the end face cutting plate 14 has a cutting pressure It is centered in a V shape. The cutting edge 27 has a positive angle during cutting. have

The finished area of the broach is formed by parts C and D. These parts C and D are block In the partial ranges arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the roach, the first part C likewise has an end face cut. It has a cutting plate 31, and the second part has a side cutting plate 32 and this end cutting plate. It has a rate of 33.

The end face cutting plate 31 in part C is used for precision machining or finishing of the pin surface. I can stay. The end face cutting plate 31 has a rake angle of 0° during cutting, but (A notch is provided in the form of a hollow grinding section immediately after the cutting surface, and the pin surface is machined there.) It is designed to avoid surface contact. The end face cutting plate 31 is a rough cutting area. It has the same outline and support structure as the end face cutting plate (B) 14.

The lateral cutting plate 32 is used for pre-roughing the spool width of the bearing pin and for cutting the spool width of the bearing pin. It is used for cutting off the groove 34 on the other side. Final cutting in part cutting At the station, there are two VCs for control cutting and spool width adjustment. A side cutting blade body 35 is provided. Side cutting plate 32 or side cutting blade body 35 is a perforated inversion plate with a square force d-plane.

In both sub-regions C and D, one integral holding body 36 or 37 is provided with a cutting edge. 35 or a separate cutting body holder 38. Belongs to. Each holder 36 or 37 is replaceable as a whole. It is fixed to the seat 11. Cutting plates 4, 12, 14, 31, 32, 33. 35 of one holder 9.10 or 36.37 in parts A-D respectively. Each cutting body group or cutting plate group is The broach can be removed and replaced in one working step. By this In each section A-D, the wear state of each cutting plate or cutting blade is almost the same. The experience of being equal but different between the individual parts A-D is taken into account.

The side cutting blade 35 that performs the final dimension adjustment is attached to the cutting blade holder 4 fixed to the holder 37. The leg 39 of the cutting body holder 41 is fixed to the expandable leg 39.40 of 1 ．． 40 is expandable and dimensionally adjustable with a wedge 43 which can be adjusted with an adjusting screw 42.

For the part with the holder 37 where the final dimension adjustment is to be made, the holder 37 is a broach. It is movable on the inclined surface 44 in the chassis 11 and can be fixed at any moving position. be. This allows for fine adjustment. The cutting assigned to this part by this The amount of adjustment of the plate or cutting body can be varied together.

Areas C and D can be machined with a reduced broach feed (arrow 8). It is advantageous.

In the example, the end face cutting plate for precision machining) 31.33 is always tensile A roughly rhombic type with a cutting edge to be machined is used, but the cutting edge is It is also possible to arrange the broach almost perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 7 like a roach. .

Broach 511E18 to Fig. 22) has a cut made of hard cutting edge material on the rake face side. A broach cutting edge 53 is provided with a blade body 52, and a broach vertical axis m is provided for tension processing. 54 and forms an acute angle 55. The cutting edges 53 adjacent to each other are twice as large as the acute angle 55. A bow angle 57 is formed which is open in the feed direction 56 and has a wide angle.

The cutting edge 53 is interrupted at an inner end 58 and an outer end 59. Cutting blade 5 A plurality of interruptions 6° are provided per 3. The interrupted portion 6o is the flank surface 61 of each cutting blade body. It can be formed by a notch 62 (FIG. 17) in . alternatively The interrupted portion 6o may be formed by a flank notch 63 in the flank face 64 of the cutting blade body. (Figures 15 and 16).The cutouts 62 and 64 have a V-shaped cross section. I can do that. However, the cutout may alternatively have a U-shaped cross section. You can also do it. In this case, the U-shaped legs can be expanded toward the leg ends (first Figure 5, Figure 17).

The flank cutout 63 has a side surface 65 facing the broach center longitudinal axis 54. 4 in the feed or cutting direction 56; Advantageously, it is configured to form an acute angle opening at 6. In this case, the center vertical plane The plane extends perpendicularly to the drawing planes of Figures 15-19 and 20-22. Ru.

The side surface 67 on the opposite side from the center vertical axis 54 of the flank notch ifi 3 is shaped with a slotted surface. Form the flank of the minor cutting edge. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 16, the flank notch The expansion angle 68 between the ■-shaped legs of 63 is 90"-Q. In contrast, FIGS. In the case of FIG. 7, this divergence angle 68 is an acute angle that is much smaller than 90°.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 18-25, the feed direction 56 is stepped. Intermediate chambers 69 between a plurality of cutting bodies 52 arranged one after the other provide an interruption 6°. is formed. Two cutting edges 71, 72 extending side by side over the broach width 70 An odd number of cutting blades 52 are provided in order to form a When viewed in direction 56 , the front cutting body 73 is located centrally with respect to the central longitudinal axis 54 .

The front cutting body 73 is constructed symmetrically with respect to the central longitudinal axis 54 . Figure 22 In this embodiment, the length extending in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 54 extends perpendicularly in the cross section. It is growing. The cutting body 52.73 is made from a standard or isoplate or the like. Fabrication, especially grinding. A cutting edge section 74 or 75 may be at different angles with respect to the central longitudinal axis 54.

The broach 81 has a hard cutting edge material on the flank side (Figures 26, 30, and 33). A cutting blade body 82 is provided. The broach cutting edge 83 is used for blowing for tension processing. It forms an acute angle 85 with the longitudinal axis 84. Two adjacent cutting edges 83 are each fed A bow corner 87 is formed which closes in direction 86 . This bow angle 87 is twice as large as the acute angle 85. It's Kisa. The three cutting blade bodies form one cutting blade unit 88, and this cutting blade 83 is It is effective over the entire width 89 of the broach 81. In the feed direction 86, the front cutting blade body (front The parting edge 90 is centrally located with respect to the central longitudinal axis 84, whereas the other Two cutting blade bodies 82 extend out on both sides and are located at the rear in the feeding direction 86. Frontal collision The cutting edge 90 protrudes toward the workpiece 91 beyond the flank of the other cutting edge body 82. There is.

The cutting blade body 82 following the front parting cutting blade 90 of one cutting blade unit 88 is aligned with the central longitudinal axis. It is symmetrical. The front parting edge 90 is also symmetrical about the central longitudinal axis 84. It is configured. The front parting cutting edge 90 is advantageously vertical during cutting (third Figure 3 = Figure 35].゛The cutting blade body 82 includes the front parting cutting blade 90 (Fig. 26-3) Figure 2) Manufactured from standard or isoplates or similar, especially polished Ru. The cutting blade 83 disposed on one side of the broach longitudinal axis 84 has various shapes different from the broach longitudinal axis. An angle 85 is formed. One of the cutting blade bodies 82 or the front parting cutting blade 90 has a plurality of cutting blades 83 It can be an inverted cutting blade body having the following characteristics.

In a preferred embodiment, the front parting-off cutting body 82 has a cutting edge 83 which engages the shoulder 92 of the workpiece 91 and the pin 9. It can protrude beyond the subsequent cutting body 82 by a dimensional difference of 3.3.

With the configuration of the present invention, rough machining of the bottle 93 is already performed in the cutting start range. It will be done.

The broach 101 is distributed over the entire width of the broach, distributed in the longitudinal direction of the broach. A plurality of cutting blade bodies 102 made of a hard cutting blade material and extending from each other are provided. Cutting blade body 1 02 has a cutting edge 103 that is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis 104 of the broach. Each cut Both cutting edges 103 of the blade body form an acute angle with the longitudinal broach axis 104 for tension processing. , form a closed bow angle 107 with each other in the broach feed direction 106. brooch The face of the cutting blade 102 is arranged on both sides of the central longitudinal axis 104 in the feed direction 106. In front of each broach body 110, one facet discharge chamber 109 is arranged. has been done. Both facet discharge chambers 109 extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis 104 of the broach. They are separated from each other by roots 111.

The roof 111 is made of a wear-resistant material, in particular a hard metal, fitted into the broach 101. It is formed by the head of the separator 112. The roof 111 is the cutting edge side 113 to form a straight cutting edge. This cutting edge is symmetrical. Roof 111 is broached The flank 114 of the cutting blade body 102 in the feed direction 106 and the acute angle 11 closed in the feed direction 106 The roof 111, which is sloped to form a shape of 5, is the butt edge 1 of the rake face 108 16 starting from the end opposite to the cutting edge side and continuing in the broach feeding direction 106 . The prow-shaped abutting edge 116 of the cutting body 102 is interrupted between the bevel faces 108. There is.

The separator 112 has a cylindrical shaft 117 outside the cutting edge or cutting edge side 113. and is now held in the corresponding notch 122 of the broach body 110.

The separating body 112 has a flat roof side in the region of the cylindrical shaft 117 and a cylindrical axis 123. A chamfered portion 118 is provided parallel to the other side. This chamfered portion 118 is blocked from the side. The flat end of the head 119 of the push screw 120 screwed into the reach body 110 be loaded. The cylindrical shaft 117 of the separator is opposite to the roof 111 of the chamfered part 118 A step portion 121 is provided at the side end in the matching range of the press screw hole. By this After unscrewing the pressing screw 120, use a dry cleaner, etc. to easily remove the separator 112. It can be extruded through the notch 122. The separated facets are indicated by the numeral 124. ing.

C-Cゝ C:,,S+O-・-- ! ：L94　9 dishes Low 91M Fig. international search report AFJNEX To THE INTERNATIONJ’L 5EARCH EPORT　0NINTERNATIONAL　APPr+XCATION　N o, PCT/DE 86100016 (SA 12084) report 0B-A-4313242None

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Applying rotation to a workpiece, especially a cast or forged circular pin in a crankshaft. The broach cutting edge is replaceable in the broach for surface finishing the circular pin of the lever. A broach (1 ) for tensile machining at least in the roughing area (parts A, B). A brooch characterized in that it forms an acute angle (5, 6) with the axis (7). 2. The block according to claim 1, wherein the acute angles (5, 6) are between 30° and 60°. -ch. 3. The cutting blade (4) placed in the rough cutting range (parts A and B) is the holder (9, 10) This holder is fixed to the broach chassis (11) in a replaceable manner as a whole. A brooch according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 4. Two areas in which the rough cutting areas are located one after the other in the direction of the longitudinal broach axis (7) (A, B), and the first range (A) is for processing the shoulder (13). A shoulder cutting plate (12) is provided and the second area (B) is for machining the pin (15). Any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising an end face cutting plate for The brooch described in item 1. 5. Two shoulder cutting plates (12) each are attached to the longitudinal broach axis (7). 5. A brooch according to claim 4, wherein the brooches are arranged side by side in a perpendicular direction. 6. A blade according to claim 5, wherein the shoulder cutting plate (12) is an inverted plate. Roach. 7. The blow according to claim 6, wherein the reversal plate is a perforated reversal plate. blood. 8. Claim 6, wherein the inverting plate has a substantially square cover surface (16). The brooch according to item 7 or item 7. 9. The corner of the cutting edge between the two adjacent cutting edges (17, 18) has a shoulder ( 19) The brooch according to claim 8, wherein the brooch is chamfered. 10. Straight chamfered edge (20) and shoulder relief formed by this on the cutting body corner The cut surface (21) forms an angle (22) of the same size as the adjacent cutting edge (17, 18). The brooch according to claim 9, wherein the brooch is formed with respect to the flank surface thereof. 11. The shoulder cutting plates (12) arranged in a row are connected to the longitudinal axis of the broach (7). broach chassis (11) or holding Claim 5, in contact with a support surface (24) projecting upwardly from the body (9). The brooch according to any one of items 1 to 10. 12. an end-cutting plate (14) extending across the broach strip width (25); It has a nearly diamond-shaped cover, and the longer diamond diagonal (26) is in the longitudinal direction of the brooch. 5. A brooch as claimed in claim 4, extending at right angles to the brooch. 13. The diamond-shaped plaid corner (28) located against the cutting direction (8) is cut off. 13. The brooch according to claim 12. 14. The end face cutting blade plates (14) are butted against the cutting direction (8) in a V-shape. The side surface (29) protrudes upward from the broach chassis (11) or holder (10). The brooch according to claim 12 or 13, which is in contact with the supporting surface to be exposed. . 15. Claim 4, wherein the end cutting plate (14) has a positive rake angle. The brooch according to any one of items 1 to 14. 16. Similarly, the end-face cutting plate (31) is provided in the shagage range (parts C and D), This end cutting plate (31) has a rake angle of 0° during machining, and the rake face is Any of claims 1 to 15, which is provided with a notch such as a dry grinding part. The brooch described in item 1. 17. The contour of the end cutting plate (31) and the supporting structure are at the edge of the rough cutting area (part B). 17. Brooch according to claim 16, which is the same as a face-cutting plate (14). 18. Two parts whose finishing areas are located one after the other in the direction of the longitudinal broach axis (7) The first subrange is the end face cutting for machining the pin. The plate (31) has a second partial area with a front roughening of the spool width and two lateral Front parting and control cutting of the parting groove (34) and adjustment of the spool width It is equipped with side cutting plates (32, 35) and end face cutting plates (33) for this purpose. The brooch according to any one of claims 1 to 17. 19. Claims in which the lateral cutting plates (32, 35) are perforated inverted plates. The brooch according to item 18. 20. For each subregion there is a separate cutting body holder for the cutting body (32, 33, 35) (38) are assigned integral holders (36, 37), each holder (36, 3 7) is fixed as a whole to the broach chassis (11) in a replaceable manner. The brooch according to item 18. 21. The lateral cutting plate (35) for final dimension adjustment is attached to the cutting blade holder (41). Claims 1 to 2 are fixed to the expandable legs (39, 40) of the A brooch according to any one of items 0 to 0. 22. The legs (39, 40) of the cutting blade holder (41) can be adjusted with the adjustment screw (42). 22. The brooch of claim 21, which is expandable with a flexible wedge. 23. Bow angle (57) where the broach cutting edges (53) are open to each other in the feed direction (56) The cutting edge (53, 73) is between the inner end (58) and the outer end (59). The block set forth in any one of paragraphs 1 through 22 of the claims, which is interrupted. -ch. 24. Claim 2, wherein a plurality of interruptions (60) are present in each cutting edge (53). The brooch described in item 3. 25. The interrupted portion (60) is a rake face notch on the rake face of each cutting blade (Fig. 17). (62) The block according to claim 23 or 24 is formed by -ch. 26. The interrupted portion (60) is inserted into the flank notch (63) in the flank face (64) of the cutting blade body. Accordingly, any one of claims 1 to 26 is formed. brooch. 27. Claim 25 or 3, wherein the cutout (62) has a V-shaped cross section; The brooch according to item 26. 28. Claim 25 or 3, wherein the cutout (62) has a U-shaped cross section; The brooch according to item 26. 29. The blow according to claim 28, wherein the U arms and legs expand and close toward the leg ends. blood. 30. The side surface (65) of the flank cutout (63) facing the center vertical axis (54) is Feed at an acute angle with a central longitudinal plane extending in the feed direction (56) through the center longitudinal axis (54) Claims 1 to 2 forming an angle (66) open in the direction (56). The brooch according to any one of items 9 to 9. 31. The side surface (67) opposite to the central vertical axis (54) of the flank notch (63) Claim 30 forms a flank surface of a minor cutting edge formed by a rake face. brooch. 32. A plurality of cutting blades in which interruptions (60) are arranged one after the other in stages in the feed direction. defined by an intermediate chamber (69) between the bodies (52); The brooch according to any one of Items 30 to 30. 33. An odd cut is made to form two cutting edges that extend side by side across the broach width (70). A number of cutting blade bodies (52) are provided, and in the feeding direction (56) of these cutting blade bodies (52), Claim No. 3, wherein the front cutting body is centrally located with respect to the central longitudinal axis (54). The brooch according to item 32. 34. The front cutting body (7.3) is constructed symmetrically with respect to the central longitudinal axis (54). 34. The brooch according to claim 33. 35. In the claimed invention, the front cutting blade body (73) is vertically positioned in the longitudinal direction during cutting. The brooch according to item 33 or item 34. 36. the cutting body is a standard or isoplate or made from such; Specially polished, according to any one of claims 32 to 35. brooch. 37. Cutting plates (74, 75) arranged on one side of the broach longitudinal axis (54) forms different angles (55) with the longitudinal axis (54) of the broach. The brooch according to any one of items 32 to 36. 38. Each cutting blade unit (88 is the front parting blade (90) in the forward direction (86) ) is located centrally with respect to the central longitudinal axis (84) and the other cutting blades (82) are arranged two by two in the feeding direction (86) in odd-numbered It consists of a cutting blade body (82), and the front parting cutting blade (90) is connected to the other cutting blade body (82). From claim 1, which protrudes beyond the flank toward the workpiece (91). The brooch according to any one of items up to item 37. 39. The cutting blade body (82) following the front parting cutting blade (90) of one cutting blade unit is in the center The block according to claim 38, located symmetrically about the longitudinal axis (84). -ch. 40. The front parting cutting edge (90) is configured symmetrically with respect to the central longitudinal axis (84). 39. The brooch according to claim 38 or 39. 41. The claimed parting-off cutting edge (90) is longitudinally positioned vertically during cutting. The brooch according to any one of the ranges 38 to 41. 42. The cutting body (82, 90) is a standard or isoplate or The material according to claims 38 to 41, which is manufactured from, in particular polished, A brooch as described in any one of the items above. 43. The cutting edge of the cutting body (82, 90) arranged on one side of the broach longitudinal axis (84) (93) forms different angles (85) with the longitudinal axis (84) of the broach. The brooch according to any one of items 38 to 42. 44. At least one of the cutting blade bodies (82, 90) has a plurality of cutting blades. The blow according to any one of claims 1 to 43, which is a rate. blood. 45. The cutting edge (83) of the front parting blade (90) is aligned with the shoulder (92) of the workpiece (91). The workpiece is cut beyond the flank of the following cutting blade (90) by the dimensional difference (94) of the cutter (93). 39. The brooch according to claim 38, which protrudes toward (91). 46. arranged on both sides of the central longitudinal axis (104) when viewed in the broach feeding direction (106). In front of the rake face (108) of each cutter body (102), there is one cut discharge chamber. (109) is arranged on the broach body (110), and both facet discharge chambers (1 09) are separated from each other by a roof (111) extending in the longitudinal axis direction (104) of the broach. The roof (111) is made of wear-resistant material fitted into the broach (101). Claim 1 formed by the head of a separator (112) consisting of The brooch according to any one of items 45 to 45. 47. Claim 4, wherein the roof (111) is constituted by a straight cutting edge. The brooch described in item 6. 48. 48. The broach of claim 47, wherein the cutting edges are symmetrical. 49. Feeding method in which the roof (111) is at an acute angle with the flank (114) of the cutting blade body (102) The roof (111) is sloped so as to form a closed angle (115) in the direction (106). The blower according to any one of claims 1 to 48, blood. 50. The roof (111) forms a prow-shaped butt edge ( 116) in the broach feeding direction (106). A brooch according to claim 49, which follows. 51. The prow-shaped butt edge (116) between the rake face (108) of the cutting body is chamfered. Any one of claims 1 to 50 as excised by Brooch included. 52. The separator (112) has a cylindrical shaft (117) outside the roof side (113). The cylindrical shaft (117) is provided with a corresponding notch (1 22), any one of claims 1 to 51 Brooch included. 53. The roof (11) has a flat separating body (112) in the area of the cylindrical shaft (117) 1) and a chamfered part (118) parallel to the cylindrical axis (123), and this chamfered part ( The press screw (120) is screwed into the broach body (110) from the side. ) is loaded by a substantially flat end face of the head (119) of the Brooch mentioned. 54. At the end of the chamfered part (118) opposite to the roof (111) and with a press screw hole. A claim in which the separator (117) is provided with a notch (121) in the alignment area. The brooch according to item 53.