JPS62501463A - three dimensional image - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] 1 field Technical field The present invention relates to the formation and display of three-dimensional images.

Currently, three-dimensional images typically consist of two views separated from each other by a center-to-center distance of 65 mm. It is formed by photographing a scene from a point. one still photo If a video is not required, take one pair of photos; if a video is required, take multiple pairs. Take a photo of. Next, the one or more pairs of photographs obtained are One picture of is observed by one eye and the other picture is observed by the other eye. Use one of several types of specialized viewing devices or special viewing screens to The observer then observes. These three-dimensional image forming methods require special observation equipment or Special screens must be installed.

U.S. Patent No. 1,714,849, U.S. Patent No. 3,457,364, Canadian Patent No. Patent Application No. 1,107,100 and German Patent Application No. 2,546,387 contain 1 A device is proposed in which images taken from a pair of spaced viewpoints are alternately projected onto a screen. proposed. U.S. Patent No. 1,714,849 also describes an image taken from three viewpoints. It is described that images are projected, two viewpoints correspond to the positions of the left and right eyes, and a third viewpoint corresponds to the position of the left and right eyes. The point is placed midway between the first and second viewpoints. For these configurations, the script By directly observing the area, three-dimensional effects can be obtained without using special observation equipment. It is thought that

However, these configurations have the disadvantage that the three-dimensional effect is not stable.

Le sucking alpha skin beans The object of the present invention is to provide a method and method for forming three-dimensional images in which the above-mentioned problems are solved. The idea is to provide equipment together.

According to one aspect of the invention, a small number of Display a sequence of images using information representing images taken from at least three viewpoints. A device that generates data such that each image is synthesized from information from at least one viewpoint. The composition with respect to the viewpoint of each image or image group is the composition of adjacent images or image groups. in which at least three of said viewpoints are spaced apart around a central location; Provided is a device characterized in that the device is located at the same location.

If the data is used to project an image onto a screen, the prior art described above A substantially more stable three-dimensional effect than that obtained with this configuration is obtained.

Preferably, the data represents a sequence of images.

Although it is possible to actually observe the present invention with only three viewpoints, the improvement will not be seen if there are four viewpoints. It was found that further improvement was seen when the number of viewpoints was increased to five. 6 or more viewpoints It seems that satisfactory results can be obtained if the number of viewpoints increases. The complexity of the device also increases. Therefore, the information represents images taken from five viewpoints. is preferred.

One viewpoint occupies the central position, and the remaining viewpoints are arranged in sections around this central position. If the image is tuna. If there is no viewpoint that occupies the center White movement is recognized 6 Such relative movement can be done in order to obtain a certain special effect 6 However, for many purposes it is preferable for one viewpoint to occupy a central position. 6 In some configurations, the data forming means are laterally separated with respect to a common viewing direction. A series of television cameras placed at camera control means and said camera control means for providing a C-video signal representing said series of images; and a mixing circuit that mixes the individual video signals from the cameras.

The force and control means may provide control signals to each camera individually. or, The camera control means may provide a common control signal for all of said cameras.

In the river-video signal generated by the mixing circuit, each field is It is sufficient if it is formed from video signals from each camera. Alternatively, the single bit Some or all of the fields of video signals are video signals from two or more of said cameras. It may also be formed by mixing signals.

In another configuration, the data forming means includes a camera and a set of light sources at a series of viewpoints. and an optical structure that sequentially projects light from each viewpoint onto the camera. be done.

The optical configuration may include rotatable reflective elements.

In yet another arrangement, the data forming means forms the data from the control information. It consists of a computer program for

According to another aspect of the invention, the a series of images using information representing images taken from at least three viewpoints. 4: forming data representing an image, each image having at least one viewpoint. A combination or adjacent image that is constructed from information from and related to the viewpoint of each image or group of images. Or in a method of forming data that generates two-dimensional images, which is different from combining images. and at least three of the views ζ- are arranged at intervals around the central position. A method is provided which is characterized in that:

Preferably, the data represents a sequence of images, the information being taken from five viewpoints. It is preferable to represent an image that is

The data configures the camera so that it can be placed at each of a set of viewpoints, and Move from viewpoint to viewpoint according to a predetermined sequence, at each viewpoint at least It may also be formed by photographing a single image.

If the camera is configured to record video, the sequence repeats and If the camera is configured to take still photos, the sequence must be completed once. It's fine just to do that.

According to another aspect of the invention, a recording medium on which stored data is formed by the method described above is provided. It is formed.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a series of images of a scene is projected onto a screen. The image consists of a small number of parts that are laterally separated from each other with respect to a common g-east direction. Use information representing images taken from at least three viewpoints, and each image has at least Also, the information from one viewpoint is synthesized, and the composition is related to the viewpoint of each image or image group. is a method for displaying three-dimensional images that is different from the composition of adjacent images or groups of images. , at least three of the viewpoints are spaced apart from each other around a central position. A method is provided for identifying the characteristics.

Images can be captured using a cine projector, or a series of still projectors or television receivers. It would be good if it could be projected by a transmitter.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the images are arranged to be projected onto a common screen. In relation to three or more still projectors and a two-prong projector, A shutter configuration that allows the projector to project an image onto a screen at a predetermined timing. Provided is a device for projecting a three-dimensional image onto a screen, comprising: Ru.

Ii side q2-last negative-#P! Niji ζC complete set information - Re-month - Please refer to the drawing below. The details will be explained in more detail. On page 11: FIG. 1 is a front view of a camera mount used in the device according to the invention; Figure 2 is a side view of the camera mount in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a side view of the camera mount in Figure 1. A block diagram of the electronic circuit used with the Figures 4a to 4f illustrate the operation of the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3. A series of sequence charts for use in the method of carrying out the invention; Avertue and Figure 7 shows an aperture disc used with the projection device shown in Figure 6. It is a diagram.

Kumei-ozuR-zu”: x3373- 11 As will be explained in more detail below, the apparatus shown in FIGS. In this case, five cameras are placed at five separate viewpoints spaced laterally with respect to a common viewing direction. A video camera will be placed. Next, the five video cameras were used to record 11 scenes to be shot. ), and the five video signals obtained are the video signals of are mixed in a predetermined sequence to obtain.

A single video signal can be fed directly to a television monitor or It is sufficient if the data can be played back after being stored using a recorder. signal is tv When viewed using a stereoscopic monitor, the image formed is not traditional stereoscopic. It has been shown to produce a three-dimensional effect similar to that obtained with .

However, there is no need to use special screens or viewing equipment.

Next, to explain about FIGS. 1 and 2, five television cameras 11 to 15 is shown disposed within camera mount 16. camera mount The toe 16 has four groove-shaped members 17 to 20 arranged in a cross shape. The open part faces outward. The camera 15 is located on the four inner surfaces of the channel members 17 to 20. It is attached to a tube 21 which is placed in a square opening defined by . camera 11 to 14 are square shapes arranged inside the members 17 to 20, respectively. It is mounted within the corresponding one of the tubes 22-25. A square tube 22 is attached to the front end. The attachment is provided with a bracket 27, and five pairs of apertures 28 are formed in the front end of the channel member 17. It will be done. The front end of the square tube 22 is connected to a predetermined pair of the five pairs of apertures 28 and a bracket. The front end of the channel member 17 is secured to the front end of the channel member 17 by a pivot rod 28a passing through the opening of the cut 27. It is rotatably mounted on the That is, selecting one pair of the five pairs of openings 28 The camera 11 passes through the guide 30 positioned from the camera 15. 29. The butterfly nut 29a is fixed to two screws and is attached to the camera 11. The slope is set by adjusting nut 30. Do the same for tubes 23-25. Installed. Therefore, cameras 11 to 15 are installed at five viewpoints, of which The four viewpoints are usually located at the corners of the square, and the fifth viewpoint is at the center of the square. . The distance between the viewpoints is adjustable as described above, and the inclinations of the cameras 11 to 14 are adjustable. The observation direction of the camera 15 is freely adjustable.

As shown in FIG. 3, cameras 11 to 15 correspond to camera control devices 31 to 35. connected to each one. The camera control devices W31 to 35 are connected to the mixing circuit 36. Upon receiving the synchronization signal, these devices 31-35 each The video signals from .about.15 are supplied to circuit 36. The five bits in the mixing circuit 36 The video signals are mixed into data in the form of a single video signal, and this signal is 37 to an input terminal of a video cassette recorder 38. This single bit The video signal is sent directly to the television monitor 40 or via three signal lines during playback. Supplied. Video cassette recorder 3 if there is no need to store video signals 8 and supply the video signal directly from the circuit 36 to the monitor 40.

The video signals are mixed in circuit 36 according to a predetermined sequence; The sequence may be set by the programmer 41. From Figure 4a to Figure 4f shows six possible sequences, and in these figures the rectangle is Each represents one video field. Naturally, each video frame A frame is formed from two video fields.

In the sequence shown in Figure 4a, the video signal is the first frame from camera 1]. starting with the first field of the frame and the second field of the first frame from camera 12. field, the first field of the second frame from camera 13, camera 14 the second field of the second frame from camera 15, and the third frame from camera 15. continues into the first field of the game. The sequence then continues with the third the second field of the frame from camera 12, the first field of the fourth frame from camera 12. field, the second field of the fourth frame from camera 13, from camera 14 and the fifth frame from camera 15. followed by a second field. The sequence is then repeated in the same way.

In the sequence shown in Figure 4b, the single video signal is that of cameras 11-15. It begins with a single field from each appearing in sequence, followed by the camera A single field from 13 follows. The sequence is then repeated.

The sequence shown in FIG. 4C is for cameras 11, 13, 12, 13, 15° 13. 14.13, then the sequence starts with a single field from each of repeated.

The sequence shown in FIG. 4d begins with a single field from camera 11, Next, four fields from camera 13, one field from camera 12, 4 fields from camera 13, 1 field from camera 15, camera four fields from camera 13, one field from camera 14, and one field from camera 14; The sequence is then returned a, followed by 4 fields from 13.

Each of the sequences shown in Figures 4b, 4c and 4d are described above. It was found that the stability was improved compared to the sequence. Also, Figure 4b, The sequences shown in Figures 4C and 4D, respectively, are more central than the previous sequences. Contains much of the video signal content from camera 13, which may lead to improvements. You will understand that.

In each of the sequences shown in Figures 4a to 4d, the resulting single Each video field of the video signal is transmitted by one of the cameras 11-15. Horn formed from video fields. Figures 4e and 4f, as explained below. In the sequence shown in the figure, within the video field of a single video signal, Some are formed from a combination of video fields from two cameras.

In the sequence shown in Figure 4e, the first field of the single video signal is The upper half of the field from camera 11 and the lower half of the field from camera 13. the second field consists of one field from camera 13; The third field is the lower half of the field from camera 11 and the lower half of the field from camera 13. It consists of the upper half of the field. After that, two fields from camera 13, The upper half of the field from camera 12 and the lower half of the field from camera 13, one field from camera 13, the bottom half of the field from camera 12, and The upper half of the field from camera 13 and two fields from camera 13 continues. As shown, the sequence then continues in much the same way.

In the sequence shown in Figure 4r, the first field of the single video signal is - of the upper part of the field from camera 11 and the lower part of the field from camera 13 - of the middle part of the field from the camera 12, and the camera This is followed by a field consisting of - for the upper and lower parts of the field from 13. , followed by one field from camera 13. Then the sequence is Continue in much the same way as shown.

Although not shown, the video signals from cameras 11-15 are single-video signals. Camera video with different adjacent pixels, i.e., image points, in each field of The signal may be mixed as provided by the signal. For example, the first In the field, the first five pixels are provided to the camera 11 from 45 respectively. In the second field, the first five pixels are 14, 15, 1 341.12, respectively.

” In various sequences of duplexes, each field of a single video signal is The video signals of one or more of the devices 11 to 15 are combined. moreover, At the end of each field or group of fields, the composition is changed.

In the device shown in FIG. 3, camera control devices 31-35 are accurately aligned. There is a risk that the displayed image may be distorted due to the slanting. To eliminate this, the device One camera control device that drives all cameras 11 to 15 instead of 31 to 35 You may also use

In the apparatus described with reference to Figures 1 to 3, the display from the outer camera It is common for the upper and lower edges of the image to converge. So large that convergence becomes a problem If so, drive cameras 11, 12, 14 and 15 such that convergence is removed. This can be eliminated by doing so.

Next, FIG. 5 will be explained. FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional image recorded according to the present invention. An aperture board 50 is shown that is used to do so. Abba-Du-Your-Abo Five apertures A, B, C, D and E are formed in the card 50. upper Chua A, B, D and E are located in the square of the square, and Chua C is located in the square. According to the heart method, each of the two Cineca cameras has an il avatar. 7 in a predetermined sequence, and one or more pieces are placed in each aba-dure. Project multiple photos. For each shot, the camera is positioned at the center of the object to be projected. He was attacked and punished. To observe the image, the film is used as a conventional grip. Projection is performed using a projector, and when viewing the screen, one or both eyes can see the screen at the same time. to obtain three-dimensional effects without the need for special screens or viewing equipment. It will be done. Alternatively, a video camera may be used to take pictures.

Aperture board 50 is used with still cameras that use transparent film. In that case, one photo is taken at each aperture. can get The five slides are displayed using the projector configuration shown in FIG.

The projection device shown in FIG. 6 includes a central projector 60 and two side projectors. projectors 61 and 62, etc., located below the projectors 61 and 62, respectively. and two lower side projectors (not shown).

The projector 60 has a slide holder 63 and an objective lens 64. 1 piece Each side projector has a slider as shown for projectors 61 and 62. a mirror 6 that reflects the beam from the projector at an angle of 90° 6 and vs. 1 course 1/ns 67? ;　ffM　'. Aperture disc 6 8 is placed immediately on either side of the objective lenses 64 and 67 and rotates about the axis 69. It is mounted on the sea urchin. Although only half of disk 68 is shown in the sixth figure, this disk The disk is shown in more detail in front view in Figure '7. The disc 68 contains A bow-shaped aba-dure that projects images from each projector onto the screen 70 is formed. To be more specific, the disc is used for displaying images on the projector 60. Four apertures 71 for projecting images and images from projectors 61 and 62 Apertures 72 and 73 for projecting images and images from two lower projectors. It has apertures 74 and 75 for projecting images.

The aperture allows only one projector to project its image at a time. Placed. Each aperture 72-75 is 2 Since the images from the four side projectors are equal, It is projected only for a short time. The angle limited by the aperture 71 is the aperture 72 to 75 Since the size of the image from the projector 60 is three times the size of the limiting angle, the image from the projector 60 is Displayed for a period of time three times longer than the projection time of the image from Dob 17 .

In operation, disk 68 is rotated so that the image displayed on screen 70 is No need for special observation equipment and no three-dimensional effect. Apertures 71 are each 1/ 30 seconds V) Corresponds to the projection time, Avert: 1. A72-. 74 are each 1. When the disc 68 is rotated to correspond to a projection time of /90 seconds, It has been shown that the same results can be obtained.

In the variant of the device shown in FIG. 6, the disc 68 is replaced by bronze.

2 shutters can be used, each having 1 f17+ shutter for each lid. The controller is operated by a single control device such as a combination lambda controller.

Other devices that record three-dimensional images receive light at a series of viewpoints and capture a predetermined amount of light from each viewpoint. The sequence includes an optical arrangement that projects light onto a camera.

In experiments involving this device, images from individual viewpoints were captured at a frequency of 70 frames per second. I have found that very satisfactory results can be obtained when projected with Figure 1? In the configuration described with reference to FIG. 4, the standard field period of 50 fields and 1 second is wave number was used. However, when projecting 70 images per second, the Considering that satisfactory results were obtained, the field frequency was changed to 70 ft. It is thought that an improvement can be obtained by increasing the current speed to 1 second. Replace the projector with 5 video cameras and convert 5 video signals into a single video signal The device shown in Figure 6 can be used for image recording by combining the You can also do it.

In the various configurations described above, individual images are recorded sequentially. However, the book The invention is not limited to image recording by this method. For example, images from five viewpoints Images are recorded at successive instantaneous points, with images from all five viewpoints simultaneously at each instant. It would be possible to construct a cine camera to record. in each moment The five images are recorded side by side with each other to form a row of images on the cine film. The columns corresponding to successive moments are spaced apart along the length of the film.

In this case, configure appropriate projection equipment to project the individual images in the desired pattern. It is considered necessary to do so.

In the various embodiments described above for recording images, the dimensions for the separation of the viewpoints are I didn't list it. The optimal separation distance depends on various factors, including the distance between the viewpoint and the subject. It is decided. In general, the optimal separation distance increases as the distance from the subject increases; l! The aperture distance shown in Figure 5 is best determined by experiment. For boards, the outer four apertures when the subject distance is 3.7 meters. Particularly perfect results were obtained by cutting the center of the square into a square with sides of 44 mta. Ta. This spacing gives equally satisfactory results with the devices shown in Figures 1 to 4. However, some modification would be necessary to obtain this spacing.

Although the invention has been described in terms of forming images using light, the invention can be described in terms of forming images using light. It may be applied to the formation of images using different types of radiation, such as X-rays or acoustic beams. It may also be used to form an image using a system.

programmed to form images that represent images taken from different points of view The present invention may also be applied to image formats that use computers. use camera It is easy to program a computer to form images without the need for it. It will cost you money.

In various embodiments of the invention described above, the entire scene may have a three-dimensional effect. This is true when the scene is photographed, but only the foreground or background of the scene has a three-dimensional effect. You may apply the invention. In that case, the part of the scene that should have a three-dimensional effect is The remaining portion of the screen may be formed using one of the methods described above, but the remaining portions of the screen may be formed using any one of the methods described above. It is formed using the method of

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Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. from at least three viewpoints laterally spaced from each other with respect to a common direction of observation; A method of forming data representing a series of images using information representing images taken. stages (11-16, 31-36), each image from at least one viewpoint. Synthesis is performed based on information, and synthesis regarding the viewpoint of a famous image or image group is performed using adjacent images or images. In an apparatus for forming data that generates a three-dimensional image different from combining a group of images, At least three of the viewpoints are arranged spaced apart around a central position. Device. 2. Claim 1, characterized in that the data represents a sequence of images. equipment. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that there are four viewpoints. 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that there are five viewpoints. 5. there are at least four viewpoints, one of said viewpoints is located at said central position; 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 6. The data forming means includes a series of laterally spaced Operate the television camera (11-15) and the camera (11-15) camera control means (31-35) and providing a single video signal representing said series of images; mixing the individual video signals from said cameras (11-15) to provide Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a circuit (36). 7. The camera control means (31 to 35) provide control signals to each camera individually. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: 8. The camera control means provides a common control signal to all of said cameras. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: 9. In the single video signal generated by the mixing circuit (36), each The field is formed from video signals from each one of the cameras (11 to 15). 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: 10. In the single video signal generated by the mixing circuit (36), At least some of the files contain videos from two or more of the cameras (11-15). Claim 6, characterized in that the signal is formed by mixing signals. Device. 11. The data forming means consists of a camera, which receives light at a series of viewpoints, and each and an optical structure that sequentially projects light from a point onto the camera. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: 12. Claim 11, characterized in that the device includes a rotatable reflective element. equipment. 13. The data forming means is a computer program for forming data from control information. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a gram. 14. At least three viewpoints laterally spaced from each other with respect to a common direction of observation forming data representing a series of images using information representing images taken from Each image is composed of information from at least one viewpoint, and each image Or, the composition with respect to the viewpoint of the image group is different from the composition of adjacent images or image groups in three dimensions. In a method of forming data for generating an original image, at least three of the viewpoints are A method characterized in that they are arranged at intervals around a central position. 15. Claim 14, characterized in that the data represents a sequence of images. Method described. 16. Claims characterized in that the information represents images taken from five viewpoints. The method described in box 14. 17. There are at least four viewpoints and one of said viewpoints is placed at the central position. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that: 18. Configure the camera so that the data can be placed at each of a series of viewpoints, and Move the camera from viewpoint to viewpoint according to a predetermined sequence, and at each viewpoint Claims characterized in that they are formed by photographing at least one image. The method according to paragraph 14. 19. A recording medium on which storage data is formed by the method according to claim 14. 20. Consists of projecting a series of images of a scene onto a screen; is taken from at least three viewpoints laterally spaced from each other with respect to a common viewing direction. Use information representing the image being shadowed, each image containing information from at least one viewpoint. Synthesis with respect to the viewpoint of a famous image or image group is performed using adjacent images or image groups. In a method for displaying a three-dimensional image different from combining at least three of the viewpoints, The method is characterized in that the two are arranged at intervals around a central position. 21. at least one arranged to project images onto a common screen (70); Three still projectors (60, 61, 62) and a projector (60, 61) , 62), each projector displays an image on the screen at a predetermined timing. A shutter configuration (68) for projecting a three-dimensional image. A device that projects images cleanly.