JPS62501161A - internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Internal combustion engine The present invention provides an internal structure having a number of cylinders arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry. Regarding fuel engines.

U.S. Patent Nos. 1,869,592, 1,891,453, and 23,690 [ ] No. 2 and Specification No. 4129102 and Federal Republic of Germany Utility Model Registration No. 6753008, a number of rotationally symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of symmetry Internal combustion engines are known that have a cylinder, the cylinder axis of which is an axis of symmetry. Extending parallel to the line or obliquely intersecting the axis of symmetry at the intersection. S The reciprocating piston that moves within the cylinder works against the output shaft using a rocking transmission. .

Known internal combustion engines have relatively large dimensions in relation to their power output. Especially Relatively long inlet and outlet passages are required for gas exchange.

Is the problem of the present invention relatively thick output with small dimensions? Can bring and gas The object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine whose exchange can be controlled by a structurally simple valve arrangement. .

Within the scope of the invention, the cylinders of the sentence cylinder are arranged in a star shape obliquely to the axis of symmetry. The top of the radiator is disposed on the side facing the axis of symmetry. The cylinder axis is advantageously symmetrical Extends almost perpendicular to the axis, thereby allowing the top of the cylinder to The inlet and/or outlet valve device can be gold-plated in a chamber enclosed by the The valve system controls all inlet or outlet openings provided in the top of the cylinder. style The inlet or outlet opening is for inflowing or discharging the combustion gas through the valve device t. It is connected to a passage extending approximately centrally within the axis of symmetry.

The radially arranged valve arrangement in the area surrounded by the cylinder top is It is a valve device or a discharge valve device. Especially in the case of two-cycle engines, each valve I At is preferably arranged in the cylinder wall in the region of the bottom dead center of the piston. thus formed by controlled slits. In this way, the valve can be opened or can give the closing time without difficulty and the length of the cylinder can be increased with little technical outlay. Manual scavenging action can be obtained.

In the case of four-stroke engines, the inlet and outlet valves are advantageously controlled by the top of the cylinder. It is located in a limited central area.

The central valve arrangement is preferably a rotary slide valve with a valve body that rotates around the axis of symmetry. Dechiru. The valve body is advantageously frustoconically shaped with a diatonic spring elastically adapting its shape to the valve body. It is pushed into a tapered valve seat. The output shaft and valve body are connected by pushing in the axial direction. This is done via a force generator. The axial pushing force generating device pushes the valve body within the valve seat. Pre-low occurs when the valve body rotates relative to the output shaft based on the friction lock. The entire valve body is moved axially away from the valve seat against the force of the spring applied. By the friction lock is completely prevented. Such rotary slide valves cannot be locked. A reliable seal is achieved based on the conical shape.

In a variant, the valve arrangement located centrally between the cylinder tops is displaced relative to the axis of symmetry. It has a number of movably guided valve spools, the valve spools being connected to the top of the cylinder. The valve seat is sealed against the valve seat formed by the valve seat. The valve spool is designed diagonally to the valve seat. in the form of a stiff wedge closure member which is pushed in the closing direction by a spring; ing. The inclined guide in this case improves the sealing effect on the valve seat. valve The spool is moved against the force of the spring by an axial cam device coaxial to the axis of symmetry. Controlled in the opening direction.

In another variant, the centrally located valve arrangement has a disc valve, the disc valve being The valve is controlled by a radial camshaft coaxial to the axis of symmetry.

All the above-mentioned configurations of the centrally located valve device can be combined with a valve device all at a small construction cost. controllable and preferably coaxially extending inflow or outflow channels within the axis of symmetry; What they have in common is that they have a short gas exchange path. cylinder star shape The effective exhaust gas turbine is operation with low flow losses is obtained, and the exhaust gas effective turbine can be operated free of charge if necessary. - Connected to the output shaft via a wheel and recovers all exhaust gas flow energy. Wear. Exhaust gas turbines can not only be used in the case of central exhaust channels; , having a central inlet passage and spaced radially approximately in the range of piston bottom dead center. It can also be used in configurations with disposed discharge openings. In this case, the exhaust gas The turbine impeller of the bin is preferably arranged coaxially with respect to the axis of symmetry, In this case, the diameter of the turbine impeller is such that the turbine blades rotate axially next to the discharge opening. Turn and discharge opening? Designed to be loaded by exhaust gases flowing directly through It is.

The transmission coupled with the piston full transmission is particularly suitable for two-cycle operation with an optical configuration. It is configured as a crank transmission. A click that rotates around its axis of symmetry. The crank of the rank transmission is located laterally of the cylinder in the direction of the axis of symmetry. And a connecting rod placed laterally outside the cylinder? Piss opposite the axis of symmetry through Combined on the ton side. The hinge on the piston side of the connecting rod transfers the force in the diagonal direction to the piston. Advantageously, in order to keep away from the ton and to relieve the load on the cylinder seal It is movably guided linearly in the stroke direction of the piston. In addition, it acts on the piston. In order to make the forces symmetrical, the cylinder is placed between the two cranks and axially Connecting rod symmetrically to the crank? It is advantageous to configure.

It is advantageous to have cylinders arranged in pairs diametrically and perpendicularly to the axis of rotation. In some embodiments, it is arranged on the side of the cylinder to connect the reciprocating cylinder and the output shaft. A purging and transmission system is provided. Purging and transmission devices are each of the same length rotatably arranged on the crank of the output shaft for each pair of cylinders. a second crank, the crank being movably arranged in the direction of stroke of the piston; The pistons of the cylinder pair are all connected to each other and are rotatable with the piston rond. combined. The second crank is preferably designed as an eccentric disc, which The bearing ring connected to the vC2 stone rod is supported on the eccentric disk of , the diameter of this eccentric disc allows for perfect transmission of crank force. Therefore, the length of the first crank is greater than that of the first crank. A large number of cylinder pairs are installed. In the case of offset, the stroke directions are angularly offset from each other and in this case eccentric The disks are preferably fixedly connected to one another.

In a conventional transmission device that connects a piston with an output shaft, the piston rotates every revolution of the output shaft. A single 21 stroke, ie, a complete reciprocating stroke motion is performed. However, the four-cycle engine In this case, it is desirable to complete all four strokes during one rotation of the output shaft. has been done. This is because it facilitates control of gas exchange. . Another object of the invention is that the output shaft is unified for each two double strokes of the piston. Each provides a reciprocating piston/internal combustion engine that performs full rotation.

Considering all the above aspects of the present invention, a plurality of polygons arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry A number of cylinders are provided, the cylinder axes of which are advantageously arranged in a radial engine. It extends almost perpendicular to the axis of symmetry in the form of .

However, the aspect of the present invention is such that the top of the cylinder faces the axis of symmetry as described above. The present invention is not limited to the cylinder provided on the cylinder side. Cylinder The top can also be located on the side remote from the axis of symmetry, in which case the full piston power The transmission connected to the shaft can also be arranged radially between the cylinders.

The transmission device that connects the piston with the output shaft is a rocking transmission device, such as a rocking plate type transmission device. Alternatively, it is configured as a swash plate type transmission or a slant shaft type transmission. However, before In the case of the normal oscillating transmission of the type shown below, the axial motion component is utilized, whereas According to the invention, the piston pushes the oscillating gear in the radial direction via the bushing link. It is controlled in relation to the force component.

The butt shrink, which is pivotally connected to the oscillating body of the oscillating transmission at one end, is connected via a hinge at the other end. directly or indirectly connected to the piston, in which case the hinge is connected to the cylinder. relative to the axis of symmetry in a fixed guide, possibly fixed to the casing. It is guided so as to be movable in a substantially straight line in a substantially vertical direction. butsu shrink hi The hinge that guides the entire piston movement is based on the radial pushing force component of the rocker. Two double strokes are performed for each revolution of the output shaft.

Top of cylinder oriented to axis of symmetry? In embodiments of the internal combustion engine with The link is pivotally connected to a five-shaped piston rod guided in the stroke direction. advantageous In some embodiments, however, the series may be used to fully connect the brace and the butt shrink. A double lever is provided which can be pivoted about the center of a shaft fixed to the The heavy lever uses one arm to connect the connecting rod and the piston, and the other arm to connect the push rod. It is pivotally connected. The advantage of this is that the radial stroke of the oscillating gear is The relative piston stroke can be varied by selecting the arm length ratio That's what it means.

The oscillating body of the oscillating transmission device does not oscillate with the entire oscillating point as the center, and the output shaft axis is relative to the symmetrical axis. radially offset from the axis of symmetry. the latter Yes, due to the deviation of the pivot point in the piston extrusion direction, the piston will move against the cylinder cover. is guided to the bar, which forces the combustion gases almost completely out of the combustion chamber. It becomes like this.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below based on the drawings.

Figure 1 shows an overview of a two-cycle internal combustion engine with four cylinders arranged in a star shape. A schematic axial sectional view, and FIG. 2 is a principle diagram of the internal combustion engine of FIG. 1 shown in an axial sectional view. , FIG. 6 is a principle diagram of a modified embodiment of the internal combustion engine of FIG. 1 shown in an axial sectional view, and FIG. The figure shows the principle diagram of the internal combustion engine shown in Fig. 6 as an axial sectional view, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, and Fig. 6. Figure 7 shows a four-stroke internal combustion engine with many cylinders arranged in a star shape. FIG. 8 is a schematic axial sectional view of the engine used in the internal combustion engine shown in FIGS. A schematic axial cross-sectional view of the slide valve shown in FIG. 9 is the same as that of FIG. Schematic axial cross-section of a sliding valve, Figure 10 shows a star-shaped valve controlled by a disc valve. Principle diagram of a four-stroke internal combustion engine with five cylinders arranged in a shape, No. 11 The figure is a schematic axial sectional view of the disk valve device of FIG. 10.

In Figs. 1 and 2, the casing 1 and the rotational axis 9 are connected through the bearing 5゜7. A crank comprising an output engine of an internal combustion engine, which is centrally rotatably supported in a casing 1. Rank axis 11? A two-stroke internal combustion engine is illustrated. Rotation axis 9 Rotationally symmetrical with respect to the rotational axis 9 on the side of the crankshaft 11 and the crankbin 13 in the direction A large number of cylinders 15 are arranged. The cylinder axis 17 of the cylinder 15 is located in a common plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 9 and with the same angular spacing, In this embodiment, the four cylinders 15 are angularly shifted from each other by 90 degrees. . The cylinder 15 is bounded by a cylinder top 19 on the side facing the axis of rotation. The top of the cylinder has a reciprocating pin movable within the cylinder along the cylinder axis 17. It cooperates with the stone 15 to form a combustion chamber 23 within the cylinder. Reciprocating piston 2 1 supports a rigid piston rod 25 on the side opposite to the rotation axis 9, and The stone rod has a hinge 27 fully attached to the angle connecting rod 29 bent into a 2-shape. and are combined. The connecting rod 29 is centered around the crank axis 33 via a bearing 31. is supported on a common bearing ring 35 rotatably supported on the crank pin 13 as It is. The end of each connecting rod 29 on the piston side is located in the diagonal direction of the connecting rod 29. In order to absorb the pushing force of the piston 21 and relieve the load on the seal of the piston linearly in the stroke direction of the piston 21 along the sliding V guide 39.41 in the range of 27 It is guided so that it can be moved.

One of the two slide guides 39, 41 can optionally be omitted.

The four cylinders of an internal combustion engine are of conventional type with two strokes per revolution of the crank @11. ・Perform the entire work cycle. Work on the following cylinders in relation to the rotation of the crankshaft The cycles are shifted 90 degrees. Under the giston 21 for full control of the internal combustion engine of the cylinder 15 in the dead center range, that is, the piston dead center range far from the cylinder m section. A discharge slit 43 is provided in the wall. The discharge slit 43 connects the annular passage 45. The discharge passages 47 are connected to each other through the respective discharge passages 47 . The discharge slit 43 is the piston 2 1 by the combustion chamber side edge. The rotation driven by the crankshaft 11 The sliding valve 49 sequentially connects the central inflow passage 51 into the cylinder top 19 of the cylinder 15. It connects to the inflow opening 53 provided. The rotary slide valve 49 is coaxial with the rotation axis 9. The valve body 55 has a truncated conical shape and has a control passage 58fc. The valve body 55 is A tapered valve seat 5 formed by the cylinder top and slightly axially movable 7 and tightly sealed in the direction of the tapered end in the axial direction by a number of springs 59. It is pushed into the valve seat 57 with a strong contact. The rotation of the valve body is driven by an axial pushing force generator. This axial pushing force generation device connects the crankshaft 11 and the valve body 5. 5, the valve body is moved away from the valve seat 57 against the force of the spring 59, that is, from the enlarged end. Try to pull it in the direction of the part. The axial pushing force generator locks the rotary slide valve 49. prevent. This is because when the friction lock of the valve body 55 increases, an axial pushing force is generated. The device pulls the valve body out of the tapered valve seat 57 and thus locks the entire friction lock. Because it prevents it. The axial pushing force generator is as shown in FIG. , can be formed as a coarse thread. The above-mentioned coarse threads can only be operated in the direction of relative rotation. Since the valve body 55 is to be used in the A pair of axial push surfaces selectively tilted in opposite directions to allow Can be done.

Do the internal combustion engines in Figures 1 and 2 have relatively short exhaust paths? and especially if It is used to fully drive the exhaust gas effective turbine, which has a 63-metre impeller. Tar The bottle impeller 63 is supported coaxially with respect to the axis of rotation 9 and is not shown. In some cases, the freewheel is connected to the crankshaft 11 with a full valve. Ru. Due to the star-shaped arrangement of the cylinders, the discharge passages 47 can only be located on a common circle. The two turbine impellers are loaded in a very short path in the direction of the axis of rotation 9.

The above-mentioned internal combustion engine has a rotary slide valve that is properly designed to control the longitudinal direction of the cylinder. via a supercharging pump which is capable of scavenging and is optionally connected to the inflow channel. This enables full supercharging of the combustion chamber. As an alternative to the embodiments described above, the discharge passage 47 is While it can also be used as an inflow passage, the inflow passage 51 is a common discharge passage. You can also do that. This waste discharge slot 43 advantageously extends approximately tangentially. As a result, the cylinder filling is well swirled. The internal combustion engine is the origin of the Otsudo engine. In this case, a spark plug 65 is provided to ignite the mixture. It is. Moreover, operation according to the diesel principle is optionally possible.

The crankshaft 11 is constructed in the form of an eccentric shaft, and this fits in half of the crankshaft. The diameter is larger than the eccentricity, that is, the distance between the rotation axis 9 and the crank axis 33. .

The bearing ring 35 is engaged in an annular notch 66 surrounding the crankbin 13. So, is this notch located on the crankshaft 11? vs. to balance It is divided into 67 weights. The illustrated embodiment has only one crank.

Alternatively, on both sides of the cylinder 150, both act symmetrically on the piston via the connecting rod. A crank may also be provided.

3 and 4 show modified embodiments of the internal combustion engine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this case, only the construction of the crank transmission is different. therefore in the same way Components that act have the same reference numerals with the addition of the symbol a. For a detailed explanation, see Figure 1 and This is related to the description in Figure 2.

The crank transmission of the internal combustion engine in Figures 6 and 4 is in the form of a purling transmission. It consists of a formula. The internal combustion engine is paired with respect to the rotational axis 9a of the crankshaft 11a. In this embodiment, coaxial cylinders 15a are arranged so as to face each other in the diametrical direction. is a pair of two cylinders? have. Crankshaft 1 for each cylinder pair A disc 7 is attached to the crank bin 13a that protrudes coaxially from the rotation axis 9a from the crankshaft 1a. 1 are eccentrically supported with respect to their respective circular axes 73. Eccentricity, i.e. The distance between the rank shaft 1i 133a and the circular axis 73 is the rotation axis 9a of the crankshaft 11a. and the crank axis 33a. Disk Y1 is the second club The length of the crank arm of the crank is equal to that of the crankshaft 11a. equal to the length of the link arm.

The diameter of both discs 71 is larger than the length of the crank arm of the crankshaft 11, and the diameter of both discs 71 is larger than the length of the crank arm of the crankshaft 11 The plates 71 are preferably fixedly connected to one another. Each of the two discs 71 has a bearing. A ring 75 is rotatably supported and diametrically opposed from the bearing ring. A piston door 7 located at the piston 21a protrudes in the stroke direction of the piston 21a.

The piston rod 77 is movably guided within a guide 41 fixed to the casing. and a piston opposite to the rotational axis 9a via the piston rod 25a'. The piston 21a is connected to the piston 21a on the piston side. The support is based on the eccentricity design of the disk 71. The connection point between the bearing ring 75 and the piston door 7 is a straight line in the stroke direction of the piston 21. It moves on a trajectory that intersects the rotation axis 9a. The discs 71 are offset from each other by 90 degrees. In the case of a pair of cylinders, the cylinders rotate 180 degrees. Transmissions of the above type are particularly Work without shaking. This is because the piston rod 77 does not perform a turning movement. It is from. Double the cylinder deposit and drive in the opposite direction via the purling/transmission device. The unbalanced force of the reciprocating girdling stone can also be controlled by the motion.

FIG. 5 shows an internal combustion engine which preferably operates in four-cycle operation. K There is a bearing in the single 101.The output shaft 107 is aligned with the rotation axis 10 in the single bearing 103.10S. 9 is centrally rotatably and axially loadably supported. Output shaft 10 7 is connected to a piston 113 via a rocking plate transmission 111, and the piston The tons are rotationally symmetrically arranged with the same angular spacing around the rotation axis 109. movable in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation 109 within a number of cylinders 115 arranged It is. The cylinder 115 is oriented by the cylinder top 117 towards the axis of rotation 109. The top of the cylinder, together with the piston 113, prevents combustion within the cylinder 115. A baking chamber 119 is formed.

The rocking plate type transmission 111 has a rocking bin 121, and the axis 12 of the rocking bin 3 intersects the rotational axis 109 at the swing point 125. A bearing is attached to the swinging sill 121. 127.129’! The swing ring 131 can be rotated through r and can be loaded in the axial direction. It is supported by Noh. The swing ring 131 is coaxial with the swing axis 123. Teeth 135? The bevel teeth have a shape adapted to the tooth and are aligned with the axis of rotation. The output shaft 107 rotates along the scratch teeth 137 coaxially fixed to the casing. When it rolls, it rolls based on the rocking motion of the rocking bottle 121 and the rocking ring 131 is guided in a non-rotatable manner relative to the swing shaft 123.

A bushing shrink 139 is attached to one end of the swing ring 131 via a hinge 141. It is centered on @. The other end of the Pso 7 link is double connected via hinge 143. coupled to one arm 145 of the lever and the other arm 14 of the dual lever 7 is pivotally connected to the "C" screw 113 through the connecting rod 149. The bushing is rotatably supported on a swing bearing 151 fixed to the bushing. Although the hinge 143 on the piston side of the link is curved in an arc, the axis of rotation 9 a track extending approximately radially in the direction of the cylinder axis of the associated piston 113 I will guide you along the way. The trajectory of motion is approximately relative to the axis of rotation 109, including the pivot point 125. It extends within a plane 153 that extends vertically. The output shaft 107 oscillates during rotational movement. The hinge 141 of the ring 131 reciprocates on an axial track 155, which In the area of plane 153, axis of rotation 9 has a closer spacing than at both deflection points. ing. Each button shrink 129 and the piston 113 to which it belongs The hinge 143 on the ton side rotates completely every time the output shaft 107 rotates based on an oval rocking motion. Complete two double strokes.

By doubling the total number of strokes of the piston 1130 for the rotation of the output shaft 107, four sizes can be achieved. Gas exchange control of an internal combustion engine that is operated at a constant speed is facilitated. for gas exchange A rotary slide valve 157 is installed in a range radially limited by the cylinder top 117. The same II! lb rotary slide valve rotary sprocket The roller 159 is non-rotatably connected to the output shaft 107 via an insertion shaft 161. . The rotating spool 159 has an entire inflow control passage 163, and this inflow control passage Inflow passages 165 are provided in the cylinder top 117 in sequence in accordance with the four-cycle sequence. the opening 167.

An additional discharge control passage 169 of the rotating spool 159 sequentially connects the opening 167 to the discharge passage. Connect to 171. The inflow passage 165 and the discharge passage 171 are oriented relative to the rotation axis 107. It stretches out in the center. The opening 167 is closed by a seal ring 173 as in the conventional case. The cylinder is loaded elastically and/or gas pressure against the rotating spool 159. is being controlled. Furthermore, the spark plug 17 is used to fully ignite the air-fuel mixture during the working stroke. 5 is provided. The rotating spool 159 advantageously resists heat loads due to exhaust gases. Made of ceramic material to make it more durable. The aforementioned valve device is only Combustion chamber 119 in four-cycle operation in a small space despite high construction costs Enables gas exchange control sound.

The stray gas path is the same for all cylinders 115 and is relatively short. So Therefore, an exhaust gas effective turbine 177 is connected to the exhaust gas passage 171. , this exhaust-gas effective turbine is capable of discharging the exhaust gas through a freewheel in some cases. The output shaft 107 is operated using the flow energy W<.

In the case of the internal combustion engine shown in FIG. coincides with the nominal axis. However, the axis of rotation 109 is relative to the drawing plane relative to the axis of symmetry. It can also be moved laterally. As a result, the giston 113 is pushed out. The dead center is shifted relative to the cylinder top 117 and the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 119 is Being pushed out without any reason. In this case, the plug-in shaft can be designed as a link shaft. Furthermore Bushlink 139 or double lever 145.147 hinges were selected It must allow for shear movement.

Figure 6 shows an internal combustion engine operating in four-cycle operation; bearing 203. in bearing 2o1. 205 k through Te rotation 1 [fllIl+2 09 The output shaft 207 can be rotated around the center, but it cannot be supported by a load in the axial direction. It is accepted. Further, inside the casing 201, a rotating body 211 is mounted on a bearing 215.21. As the center of the rotation axis H213'c extending obliquely to the rotation axis 209 through 7 Rotatably supported. Both rotational axes 209° and 213 intersect at intersection 219. In this case, the output shaft 207 and the rotating body 211 are bevel gears 221°223 They are non-rotatably connected to each other via metal and rotate synchronously.

The rotating body has a large number of cylinders 225, and the cylinder axis of the cylinders rotates. Extending in a plane radial to the axis 213 and perpendicular to the axis of rotation They are whole tones at the same angular interval. The cylinder 225 is connected to the cylinder top 227. Therefore, the axis of rotational symmetry of the rotating body is limited with respect to the rotational axis 213 formed by the metal. Siri The top part 227 of the cylinder 225 is arranged along with a forward α piston 229 that is movable within the cylinder 225. The combustion chamber 231 is completely formed within the cylinder 225.

The piston 229 connects to the output shaft 207 via the swash plate 233 that rotates together with the output @2o7. work against. The swash plate 233 rotates synchronously via the paddle gears 221.22:l. An oblique shaft type transmission that completely limits the stroke movement of the piston 229 in relation to the rotating body 211 that form a device.

A universal joint 235 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate 233 for each piston 229. A bushing shrink 237 is provided at one end via the universal joint to connect to the axis of rotation. A radial axis 239 extending perpendicularly to 209 through the entire intersection 219 and half Can be rotated around a tangential axis 241 extending tangentially within the radial axis plane is supported by. The bushing shrink 237 is double-sided at the other end via the hinge 243k. The first arm 245 of the lever is pivoted to the other arm 245 of the lever. 7 is pivotally connected to the piston 229 via a connecting rod 249. double lever 245 ．． 247 is supported by the rotating body 211 so as to be able to rotate around the rotation axis 251. Ru.

In case the swash plate 233 rotates, the universal joint 235 connects the rotating body 211 and the swash plate 233. It moves along an oval @ path 252 that rotates together with. Arm 245 is bushy The hinge 243 of the link 237 extends almost perpendicular to the rotation/drawing gland 213. The movement of the piston 229 during each revolution of the output shaft 207 Two complete double strokes are carried out correspondingly. Components 237 and 241 to 2 51 corresponds to the series of components 139 to 151 of the internal combustion engine according to FIG. .

A detailed explanation of the function and mode of action can be found in the description of Figure 5. ing.

A cylindrical valve body fixed to the casing to control gas exchange? Rotary slip with 9 valve 253 is provided, said valve body being formed by the cylinder top 227. The valve seat is sealed by a seal ring 257 that is elastically pressed against the valve seat. It is. The valve body 255 has an inflow passage 259 within the range of the rotation axis 213? have, The inflow passage sequentially opens into the opening 261 in the cylinder top 227 when the rotating body rotates. Connected. During the rotational movement of the rotating body 211, the cylinder 2 is 25 is connected to a discharge passage 263 of the valve body 255. In Figure 6, a single Only the inlet passage 259 is shown. Furthermore, a large number of inflow passages are continuous in the circumferential direction. Can the gold film be peeled off and the passageway? For stratified air supply to the combustion chamber 231 through All mixtures with different mixture ratios can be sequentially supplied to the combustion chamber. The valve body 255 is advantageously It is made of a ceramic material to withstand the thermal loads caused by the heat.

FIG. 6 shows the cooling mechanism of the internal combustion engine in detail. Cooling liquid rotates 1 and draws 2 13 through a passage 265 coaxial to the rotating body 211 and a centrifugal pump. An annular passage 26 that completely encloses the cylinder through a radial passage 267 using a push metal 9. The annular passage is open to the casing interior for the complete return of the cooling medium. It will be done. Circumferential lip provided on the inner circumferential surface of the casing and provided on the outer circumferential surface of the casing The curved axial ribs 273 serve for convective cooling.

The exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 263 passes through the exhaust gas effective turbine held in the casing 201. The turbine impeller of this turbine is driven through a toothed belt transmission 279. The intermediate shaft 281 is rotatably supported by the casing 201 and drives the intermediate shaft 281. intermediate shaft 281.4: The pinion is connected via the freewheel 283 within the casing 201. 285 is engaged, and the pinion is coaxially and non-rotatably coupled to the rotating body 211. Gear 287 is fully driven.

The exhaust gas turbine 275 generates exhaust gases with relatively good efficiency due to the short exhaust gas path. Flow energy? It can be recovered. The freewheel 283 allows the rotating body to may exceed the rotation threshold of the intermediate shaft 281, which is non-rotatably driven by the turbine. can.

FIG. 7 shows a modified embodiment of the internal combustion engine, which is similar to the internal combustion engine shown in FIG. An engine consists of a piston fixed to a casing to convert reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The difference is that the entire swashplate is controlled through a slant-shaft transmission. ing. Components that act in the same way are shown in Fig. 7 with the symbol b added to the reference numerals in Fig. 6. It is shown as follows. Details relate to the description in FIG.

The rotational axis 209b of the output shaft 207b is coaxial with the first arm of symmetry of the rotating body 211b. The rotating body is non-rotatably coupled to the output shaft 207b. K The swash plate 223b, which is held stationary within the singe 201b, is oriented relative to the axis of rotation 209b. The rotation axis 209bK extends obliquely at the swing point 219b, and the rotation axis 209bK is opposite to the entire center of the rotation axis. A rotatably axially loadable bearing ring 291 gold is supported, and this bearing The ring has a hinge 293 that is farthest from the piston of the buttu shrink 237b. The ends are pivotally connected. Piston side hinge 2431) Id.

In the stroke direction of the piston 229b, it is possible to move almost perpendicularly to the rotation axis 49209b. The rotary body 2 is guided by the radial push force of the bearing ring 291. The stroke of the piston 229b is controlled during the rotational movement of the piston 229b.

The piston 229b generates two complete double pistons for each rotation of the rotating body and thus the output shaft 207b. Row culm? , thereby advantageously reducing gas exchange charges ia1 for four-stroke internal combustion engines. becomes easier.

Below are some examples of variations in the valve gear used in the internal combustion engine mentioned above? Describe. 8th 9 and 9 (ζ rotation, the axis of symmetry 3 of the symmetrically arranged crank 303 Valve spool 305 movable along 01? A sliding valve device U (r shown) with . Valve spool 305 is opened in cylinder top 311 by control opening 307. A cylindrical segment controlling the mouth 309 and molded into the cylinder top 311 for this purpose. The valve seat 313 (shown in cross section in FIG. 9) is movable. valve spoo The cylinder 305 connects a central passage 315, which is an inflow passage or a discharge passage, to the cylinder 303. Connecting. Each spool valve 305 closes the opening 309 by a spring 317 In a position not shown in detail by the output shaft, the entire center of the rotation axis 301 is The cam device 319 is pushed against the axial cam device 319, which is rotationally driven. This axial cam The device opens or closes the valve spool 305 in accordance with the working stroke of the entire internal combustion engine. chain.

To improve the sealing action of the valve spool 305 against the valve seat 313, the valve spool The lever 305 has a wedge shape that tapers off relative to the axial cam device. valve seat 313, the valve spool 305 has an inclined surface 321 that extends obliquely with respect to the valve seat. The inclined surface guides the valve spool 305 along the axis of symmetry 301 during the closing movement. The valve seat 313 is pressed toward the valve seat 313 so as to be separated from the valve seat 313 in a radial direction.

In Figures 10 and 11 the implementation of a four-stroke internal combustion engine with five cylinders is shown. Disc valve device for full control of gas exchange in example? It shows. Output +1!1J4 The cylinder 405, which is arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis 401 of 03, rotates and rotates. B) Full plan of piston 407 movable in radial direction in a plane perpendicular to gland 401 The piston 407 is connected via a connecting rod 409 similar to the internal combustion engine of FIG. and operates on the crank transmission 411 connected to the output shaft 403.

The cylinder 405 has a cylinder top 413 facing the axis of rotation 401 and has a cylinder top 413 facing the axis of rotation 401. One inlet disk valve 415 and one outlet disk valve in sequence at the top of the cylinder. The valve 417 controls the connection between the cylinder and the inflow passage 419 or the discharge passage 421. control The disc valves 415 and 417 project radially relative to the axis of rotation 401. 423.425' and secured in the closed position in the normal manner by a spring. has been established. The shaft 427, which is stationary in the casing, has two radial shafts connected to each other. rotatably supported on cam plates 429, 431, the radial cam plates In relation to the shape, the disc valve 415°417' has a cylinder row corresponding to the four cycles. Control is performed in the order 1-3-5-2-4. For this reason, the cam disks 429°431 rotate number? A transmission device with a rotational direction opposite to the rotational direction of the output shaft 403, which reduces the speed by four times 433. The transmission device can rotate the crank transmission device 411 times. It has a stepped ring 435 supported thereon. The pitch circle diameter of the stepped ring 435 is 2:1, and this large ring with a large diameter is a pinion that is fixedly engaged on the shaft 427. The ring 441 and the small diameter ring are gears 443 connected to the cam plates 429 and 431. interlock with each other.

The transmission 433 as well as the cam plates 429,431 are accommodated in the crankcase area. This eliminates the need for an additional lubricant supply.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. a casing (1, 101, 201) and rotatably supported within the casing; An output shaft (11, 107, 207) is provided, the output shaft being aligned with the axis of symmetry. The cylinder top (19, 177, 2 27) has a cylinder (15, 115, 225) limited by The cylinder axis (17) of the cylinder intersects the axis of symmetry at almost a common intersection. , and a movable reciprocating piston (21, 113, 229) is provided in the cylinder. the reciprocating piston cooperates with the cylinder so that the reciprocating piston and the top of the cylinder The combustion chamber is restricted between the pistons (21, 113, 229) and A transmission device (13 , 111, 221, 223, 233, 223b) are provided, and the transmission device is displaced relative to the cylinder in the direction of the axis of symmetry and the casing (1, 101, 20 1) and via the push link (29, 139, 237) It is connected to a piston (21, 113, 229), and further connected to a cylinder (15, 115, 225) for the combustion chamber in the inlet valve arrangement and the outlet valve arrangement (43, 49). , 157, 253, 305, 319, 417, 419, 429, 431) are provided. In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder tops (19, 117, 227) are symmetrical. The valve device (43, 49, 157, 2) is provided on the cylinder side facing the axis. 53, 305, 319, 417, 419, 429, 431) It has an opening (53, 167, 261, 309), and the opening is within the range of the axis of symmetry. Common gas exchange passages extending in (51, 165, 171, 259, 263, 419 , 421). 2. The cylinder axis (17) is approximately perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (9), preferably common 2. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is located in the plane of . 3. the valve device is configured as a rotary slide valve device (49, 157, 253); Valve body (55, 159, 2) of a rotary slide valve device arranged coaxially with respect to the axis of symmetry 55) is seated against the valve seat provided at the top of the cylinder (19, 117, 227). The openings (53, 167, at least one control path (58, 163, 169, 2) sequentially connected to 59,263). 59,263). The internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The square seat (57) has a tapered shape, and the valve body (55) has a truncated conical shape. The valve has a shape, is arranged to be movable in the axial direction within the valve seat, and is spring-elastic in the axial direction. The valve body is pushed into the seat and the valve body is locked when friction occurs. via a slope/axial pushing force generator (61) that moves the 4. The internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the internal combustion engine is connected to the output shaft (11). 5. A number of valve spools (305) in which the valve arrangement is movably guided along the symmetry axis ), and the valve spool has a valve seat (3 3) A symmetrical axis that controls the valve spool and is sealed against the output shaft. Claim 1, in which an axial cam device (319) coaxial with the line is connected. The internal combustion engine according to paragraph 2 or paragraph 2. 6. The valve spools (305) can each be moved diagonally relative to the square seats (313). Claims guided and resiliently pressed against the axial cam arrangement Internal combustion engine according to paragraph 5. 7. The valve device is sealed against the valve seat provided at the top of the cylinder (413). The output shaft (403) has a disc valve (415, 417), and a radial cam coaxial to the axis of symmetry controlling the disk valves (415, 417); An internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shafts are connected. 8. The output shaft (403) rotates in the rotational direction of the camshaft relative to the rotational direction of the output shaft (403). The camshaft (42 8. The internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein the internal combustion engine is connected to an internal combustion engine. 9. The cylinder top (19, 311) is connected to at least one valve body (55, 305) by means of an inlet opening or at least one valve body (55, 305) controlled thereby. has a controlled discharge opening, and the cylinder (15, 303) is in the bottom dead center range. The claimed invention has a slit (43) controlled by a piston (21) in the surroundings. The internal combustion engine according to any one of the ranges 1 to 8. 10. 10. An internal combustion engine according to claim 9, which operates as a two-stroke engine. 11. Transmission device that connects the piston (21, 21a) to the output shaft (11, 11a) is configured as a crank transmission, with a crank rotatable about an axis of symmetry. The crank (13, 13a) of the rank transmission is connected to the cylinder (15) in the direction of the axis of symmetry. , 15a) and outside the cylinder (15, 15a). connection to the side of the piston opposite to the axis of symmetry via a connecting rod (29, 77) located at The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, as defined in the appended claims. . 12. The end of the connecting rod (29, 77) on the piston side is attached to a guide fixed to the casing. It can move linearly in the stroke direction of the piston (21, 21a) within the door (41, 41a). 12. An internal combustion engine according to claim 11, wherein the internal combustion engine is guided by the engine. 13. The crank end of the connecting rod (29) is pivotally mounted on a common bearing ring (35). and the bearing ring protrudes from the output shaft toward the cylinder (15). The internal combustion engine according to claim 11, wherein the internal combustion engine is rotatably supported on a coupling pin (13). Seki. 14. The cylinders (15a) are arranged in pairs so as to coaxially face each other. and are connected to each other via a piston rod that is movable linearly in the direction of piston stroke. and a clamp on the output shaft (11a) for each cylinder pair. A second crank (71) is rotatably supported on the crank (13a). The crank is attached to the shaft at a distance from the crank axis (33a) of the first crank (13a). A piston rod that connects the pistons (21a) of the cylinder pair so as to be rotatable in parallel. (77), and the crank arm of both cranks (13a, 71). 12. The internal combustion engine according to claim 11, wherein the lengths of the cylinders are equal. 15. The second crank is configured as an eccentric disc (71), the eccentric disc being The circular axis (73) is separated from the crank axis (33a) of the first crank (13a). are eccentrically supported on the first crank parallel to the axis with radial spacing; , the eccentricity of the eccentric disk is the distance between the rotation axis (9a) and the crank axis (33a). and the piston rod (77) is connected to the eccentric disk (71). a bearing ring (75) connected to a piston (21a) movable within the cylinder pair; ) is rotatably supported around a circular axis (73). Internal combustion engine as described. 16. A number of pairs of cylinders are provided which are angularly offset from each other about an axis of symmetry. and the diameter of the eccentric disk (71) is equal to that of the first crank (13a). is longer than the link arm length, and the eccentric discs are immovably connected to each other. An internal combustion engine according to claim 15. 17. Transmission that connects the piston (113, 229) to the output shaft (107, 207) If the device is configured as a oscillating transmission, the oscillating motion extends obliquely to the axis of symmetry. The oscillating body (121, 223) of the transmission is connected via the push link (139, 237). and the push link is connected to the piston (113, 229). One end is pivotally connected to the rocking body and the other end supports a hinge (143, 243, 293). holding the hinge (143, 243) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry. The guide member (145, 245) is movably fixed to the cylinder. The internal combustion engine according to any one of items 1 to 10. 18. The oscillating transmission is configured as a oscillating plate transmission and is centered around the axis of symmetry. The oscillating plate (121) of the oscillating plate transmission rotates as a cylinder in the direction of the axis of symmetry. It is designed to swing around a swing point (125) located on the side of the da. and is guided to the casing by the rocking plate (121) in a non-rotatable manner with respect to the axis of symmetry. A rocking ring (131) is rotatably supported relative to the rocking plate (131). and the swing ring (131) is connected via the push link (139). The internal combustion engine according to claim 17, wherein the internal combustion engine is pivotally mounted on the side of the piston opposite to the nominal axis. Seki. 19. The cylinder (225) is relative to the casing (201) about the axis of symmetry. is disposed within a rotating body (211) that is relatively rotatable, and includes a rocking transmission device. The position is configured as a diagonal shaft transmission, and the diagonal shaft is connected to the output shaft (207). The swash plate (233) of the type transmission is at the swing point (219) on the side of the cylinder (225). The casing (209) is rotatable about a rotation axis (209) intersecting the symmetry axis. 01) and rotates via a bevel gear transmission (221, 223). The swash plate (233) is connected to the rotating body (211) irreversibly, and the swash plate (233) of the claim, which is pivotally mounted on the side of the piston opposite to the axis of symmetry via a link (237). The internal combustion engine according to range 17. 20. The cylinder (225b) is attached to the casing (201b) around the axis of symmetry. It is arranged in a rotating body (211b) that can rotate relatively to the The transmission is configured as a swash plate transmission, and the casing (201b) has an integral part. The swash plate (223b ) supports a rocking ring (291) that is unrotatably coupled to the rotating body (211b). and the pivot point of the pivot ring is located laterally of the cylinder in the direction of the axis of symmetry. and the swing ring (291) is symmetrical via the push link (237b). The internal combustion engine according to claim 17, wherein the internal combustion engine is pivotally mounted on the side of the piston opposite to the axis. . 21. Pistons (113, 229) are connected via connecting rods (149, 249), respectively. and is pivotably supported on a portion fixedly connected to the cylinder (115, 225). It is connected to one arm (147, 247) of the two-arm lever, and The shrink link (139, 237) is connected via the hinge (143, 243) on the piston side. and the other arms (145, 237) of the two-armed lever, respectively. The internal combustion engine according to item 20. 22. Piston side hinge (143, 24) of push link (139, 237) 3), the motion trajectory is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry and almost reaches the swing point (125, 219). 21. The internal combustion engine according to claim 20, which extends within a plane containing the internal combustion engine. 23. Claim 17, wherein the pivot point is spaced from the axis of symmetry 22. 24. Claims 17 to 23 that operate as a four-cycle engine An internal combustion engine according to any one of the items above. 25. A discharge passage (47,171,263) is provided in the casing (1,101,201). ), the exhaust gas turbine is connected to the exhaust gas turbine. The impeller (63, 177, 277) is connected to the output shaft (11, 107, 207). An internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 24.