JPS62501100A - Method for passive transfer of heat from the reactor to the utilization network, with automatic control of the reactor power, automatic emergency shutdown and emergency cooling transition - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Automatic control of reactor output, automatic emergency shutdown and transition to emergency cold IJ1 method for passive transfer of heat from a nuclear reactor to a utility network with The present invention provides that the output of a transportable nuclear reactor is passive according to the generic concept of claim 1. surface by automatic or automatic means. Processing the heat produced in the nuclear reactor This invention relates to a method for automatically transferring heat to a water heat exchanger. one more important purpose An example of this is the generation of heat for the purpose of heating remote heating systems.

Nuclear reactors operated in water tanks are known. At that time, it was created in the nuclear reactor. Natural circulation directs the heat to the cooling element, which Dissipate heat to the receiving equipment or to the surrounding environment. Some of these reactors are large , prompt negative neutron absorption = temperature coefficient Neutronenabsorptions-Temperaturkoe4 Nzientcn). This can be done by pulling out the neutron absorbing control rod. will only result in a limited output runaway, because the temperature rise will automatically cause a chain reaction. This means that it is because it is limited to.

By changing the content of the neutron-absorbing solution in the cold W water used as a moderator. Nuclear reactors that control output are known.

Handle the spent fuel elements individually and sequentially insert them into the transport container and Nuclear reactors are known in which the fuel elements form a subcritical configuration sufficient for transport. The pressure horn drops through the reactor, which is cooled by forced circulation, and is filled with gas. The hydrostatic negative pressure and uniformity below the bell-shaped container are maintained, causing abnormalities in cooling. The gas is removed and the reactor core is filled with water from a neutron-absorbing tank. Child furnaces are known.

Purpose of invention The purpose of the present invention is to use a transportable reactor core and eliminate the possibility of malfunction or component failure. generates heat using purely passive components while eliminating potential sources. This heat is transferred to the heat receiving equipment.

Wooden sheet of the present invention The method according to the invention requires sufficient water (in n) to reach the available saturation temperature. A nuclear reactor with a highly negative neutron absorption = temperature coefficient, located at a depth of , cooled by natural convection in a part of the water that is thermally isolated from the water tank; The decreasing pressure of the water column in which the hot water produced through the reactor still remains This vapor component is separated from the remaining water and left in the condensate bud. Transferring the available heat to another circulation, the condensed water is mixed with the remaining water to the water tank. to be collected inside and sent back to the reactor from here; looking down and asking The evaporation chamber around the condenser in the bell-shaped container is connected for communication with the water in the aquarium. The pressure adjustment between the partial water outlet of the primary circuit and the water in the tank is as follows: Over- or under-production results in level fluctuations below the bell-shaped vessel, which Valves controlled automatically through the float allow the absorption of dissolved neutrons into the next circuit. Varying the water supply in the water tank containing the harvested material, which is partly due to the heat of the reactor. Also, some of the water in the aquarium is produced by additional electrical heating, and the water in the aquarium is The continuation of the content of absorbent material in the -next circuit, which can be used to supply the steam sent to the sensor. This is achieved in such a way that the constant decline in heat is compensated for; Changes in the absorber content in the combined primary circuit change the reactivity; this Again, the temperature and reactor power are determined by the negative neutron absorption temperature coefficient. It is characterized by the following:

During the control process, the water level has a defined lower and upper fluctuation range. The water level is at the lower limit As it descends below the field, this indicates that it is out of control or that there is an obstacle that should be controlled. It means that the harm is too great. In such cases, there is another method Emergency cooling is activated as equipment.

According to the invention, emergency cooling is carried out by passive means and without any intervention. It will be done. A wooden tube runs from the top of the steam side of the condenser down to the bottom of the control range. It extends to the bent pipe below the limit, and from there it goes upwards to form a distributor in the water of the aquarium. (Verteiler) with its mouth open. There is another one above the distributor. , with a bell-shaped container that opens downwards and includes a cooling pipe (Vj quenching W device) The installation number is marked. This cold double coil pipe is made as a heat-receiving pipe. dynamically emit it to the surroundings1). Therefore, during normal operation, this emergency cooler is connected to a bent pipe. The pipe between the emergency cooling container and the tank is always filled with water from the aquarium. water is out of order By descending down the curved pipe, the path for the steam to the emergency cooler is interrupted. The result As a result, steam leaked from the condenser chamber, and water from the water tank rose inside the condenser at an angle of R-16°. Here the water in the water tank is mixed with primary cold 1 (I water) and flows into the reactor through the downcomer pipe. . - The water in the next circuit is almost pure during normal operation, whereas the water in the tank is Since water has a high concentration of dissolved neutron absorbers, the aquarium water supply should be kept cool. Along with cooling, it also ensures the termination of chain reactions and heat production in the reactor core.

In another practical fM aspect of the method, the water in the tank is further inquired about its path to the reactor core. It is advantageous to However, this route is not controlled during normal driving. Keep the aquarium closed to prevent water from entering the primary system. It's something to keep. This means that there is another gap between the water tank and the lower blenheim section of the reactor. By first leading the wooden connecting pipe upwards and into the evaporation chamber below the condenser. achieved. The curved tube inside the evaporation chamber is finned on the outside. condensing The steam heats the stationary aquarium water inside the tube through this finned surface. is supplied, resulting in the generation of steam in this tube, which increases the hydrostatic pressure. A balance is maintained. This steam gasket inside the bent pipe is normally used in a water tank during operation 15. water from the primary circuit. 9 is heard W4, but the f of the fin of the curved pipe =JThe inlet surface is submerged by the rising water surface, so the steam condenses. other On the other hand, the stronger suction force overwhelms the steam parapet 4-n shutoff force, and as a result, the reactor The path of water in the water tank to the reactor core is opened.

During an emergency cooling operation, the heat generated by the reactor is supplied with neutron-absorbing water to the above-mentioned pipe system. be stopped by the payment. 9I! ! The heat removal capacity of the quenching W reactor is based on the amount of residual heat generated by the reactor. It's also big.

Therefore, when emergency cooling is activated, the water level inside the condenser rises and the connection to the emergency cooling container is reduced. The continuation pipe is flooded with water, closing off the path for steam that is still being generated under these conditions. Ru. As the steam is collected in the condenser, the water level descends again and is in balance. is recovered. In a balanced state, residual heat is caused by heat loss in the capacitor on the one hand. On the other hand, it is carried away by the natural circulation of tank water through the reactor core.

Normal operation starts again from a balanced state due to the removal of residual heat, and at that time, the next circuit is Cleaned by water containing absorbent material. This cleaning starts with water from the aquarium. This is done by supplying the produced steam to the primary circuit.

During the start-up process, the natural circulation of the primary circuit is maintained by electrical heating and residual heat. be done. The steam created at that time is removed from the water tank after the natural circulation of the residual heat removal operation is stopped. inside the condenser until a steam seal is formed in the water supply pipe that shuts off the pipe. lowering the water surface. Furthermore, the steam produced from the water in the aquarium is sent to a condenser. Ru.

The condenser must be closed in order to ensure that the steam produced is not excessive and does not lead to the emergency cooling vessel again. The energy for electrical heating must be transported across the width. To start emergency cold 17, This is done at c and Y when the falling water level approaches the upper limit of standard control C. child In this case, in addition to a cold W, a water level hat! till tjO is also started. This precision fli control is performed based on the electrical output of the steam generator. This causes water The position is stabilized at the upper side of the normal control range. The state achieved by this is − The boron content in the next circuit is sufficiently cleaned and the reactor begins producing heat. will be maintained until The steam produced by the heat of the nuclear reactor is passed through conventional control equipment. The water surface shall be maintained within the Control I range until the reactor head is calibrated. steaming The electric output of the air generator is automatically returned to the rest value by precision control, and normal operation is resumed. This value is maintained during the period.

In another embodiment of the method, the available heat is not directly applied to the process water in the condenser. Thermal Xibon evaporator section is not delivered as a closed system and is first made as a closed system. The capacitor part of this thermozyphon is then heated by Prohys water. By making it cold IJJ, there is no air tightness between the next circuit and the process water. It is advantageous to include a modified intermediate circuit.

Another example of this method, according to Mr. Mal, is that the core of the nuclear reactor is structurally as follows: , the cores are slid separately during lifting, with every other fuel element being neutralized. It is advantageous to make it so that it can be replaced by a child absorbent spacing element.

This is sufficiently critical)! − configuration is established and the whole is transported as is. You will be able to do things. In this case, the fuel elements of the reactor core are alternately The cover grid is connected to the support plate by the support tubes, and the hanging tubes are also supported. The tube also has a fuel element and a neutron absorber of at least the same length, so the support grid As the reactor approaches, the core is pulled up separately onto the bottom plate, and the neutron absorbing material is attached to the fuel element. be drawn in between. When the support grid and cover plate are brought close together in such a way, the reactor structure burns. Each half of the material element is in the upper and lower planes. At that time, the neutron absorber becomes the fuel drawn between the elements, thereby creating a substantially subcritical configuration.

The fuel element, which is connected to the cover grid, is held from below by the support grid.

This support grid is connected to the cover grid by spacing elements. in the same way , all fuel elements combined with the support plate are held by the holding grid from above. has been done. This retaining grid is connected to the supporting plate by spacing elements on the one hand and on the other hand. 14 elements connect the lifting bell-shaped container attached to the upper side of the cover plate. has been done.

The entire structure is suspended by a lifting bell-shaped container or rests on a support plate. Then, the cover plate and the support plate are kept close to each other. However When the cover lattice is suspended and the lifting bell-shaped container is supported, the cover lattice becomes It is spaced apart from the holding plate, thereby creating an operational configuration. This configuration is There are two cases: the lifting bell-shaped container is raised or the cover grid is lowered. It will be broken. According to the invention, the support of the cover grid cannot be pulled up by a pulling mechanism. However, this tripping is induced by vibrations such as earthquakes. Also the present invention According to This bell-shaped container is lifted. Therefore, both in the case of vibrations and in the case of overproduction of steam. The reactor core according to the invention automatically transitions into a fully subcritical transport configuration. be done.

In another embodiment of the invention, the water tank of the nuclear reactor is provided with sufficient protection from above. It is protected by a thick, sideways sliding lid.

Inside this lid, the top side is protected and the four parts facing downwards are provided with a It is being The reactor is suspended on a hoisting grate and raised into this cavity. together with the data, onto an open transport container and into this container. Lifting and lowering The holding element between the bell-shaped vessel and the holding grid is uncoupled and the lifting bell-shaped vessel is removed. It will be done. By sliding the protective cover again, it is inside the second recess of the protective cover. The 11 pigs in the transport container held in the fixed.

Afterwards, the reactor core remains intact and the fuel is exchanged or individual fuel requirements are changed. The raw material is transported to a central depot where all the facilities for handling the raw material are provided.

The important components of the device according to the invention are:2 The working pressure is determined by the height of the water in the aquarium above it, and the thermosyphon -Next circuit, which automatically ensures circulation lr4 and cooling of the reactor.

=+a By distilling the water in the aquarium containing the water-soluble neutron absorber due to heat loss. Automatic cleaning of the following circuit is carried out; Pressure regulation carried out by supplying water in a neutron-absorbing aquarium - depending on the water level - Steam = acts as a siphon, and during normal operation, the water surface However, when steam is overproduced, water containing neutron absorbers enters the primary circuit. connecting pipe between the condenser and the emergency cooler, filling it with tank water; - by means of a steam seal created as a siphon and automatically formed during normal operation. A pipe for supplying water from a water tank to the reactor core, which remains closed during start-up. The system is equipped with a steam separator and a water level control device M1 for cleaning the primary circuit. Electric heaters - constructed in a sufficiently subcritical configuration for transport in their entirety. A nuclear reactor core that can be separated by sliding, The core automatically becomes fully critical even in the event of overproduction of steam or when subjected to strong vibrations. A nuclear reactor core that can be slid apart into a transportable configuration with less than hanging device, A downward facing recess for receiving a reactor and transferring a reactor into a transport container. A sliding protective pig above the reactor water tank.

Example The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of the attached drawings. in the drawing Figure 1 shows the components of the reactor and primary circuit as well as the connections of the emergency system during normal operation. v1 sectional view of the water tank with the continuation pipe installed, Figure 2 shows the capacitors in the -order circuit, the -order circuit, and the tank water supply to the -order circuit and the primary circuit. Man 1 to 1 for self-cleaning of water level output control device for pressure regulation by supply Longitudinal cross section with flow, Figure 3 shows the connection between the -next circuit and the mantle flow, including the electric heating device for starting. The longitudinal section of the heat exchanger, Figure 4, shows the nuclear reactor and, during operation, the overproduction of steam ( Or held after being lifted (for transportation) and shaking! & to be misplaced Therefore, FIG. 5 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the R5A equipment of the reactor in the lowered state. A cross-sectional view of the core of a nuclear reactor in active state, Figure 6 shows the side of the support tube, including the neutron absorbing sleeve and the support grid moving therebetween. Cross-sectional diagram, Figure 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the reactor core and its structural details in operating condition; FIG. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the reactor and transport container, including the lifting device and the protective pig; It shows.

The reactor system shown in Figure 1 consists of a submerged reactor 1 at the bottom, It consists of a water tank 19 filled with water containing boron. Cooling water is Brenna It ascends from the ring canal 20, passes through the reactor core 1, and ascends inside the ring canal 2. rise The decreasing pressure of the rising water generates steam. Water and steam at the top of the ring canal. Qi is separated. The steam enters the condenser 3 where it releases useful heat. water The condensed water flowing downward is collected in a condensed water container 1, and from this container A reflux pipe 5 continues to a blennium section 20 on the lower side of the core 1. ring canal 2 The difference in specific gravity between the water-steam mixture in the reflux pipe and the water in the reflux tube is the Generate driving force. - the pressure in the next circuit is balanced with the water tank by connection 21; Ru.

The ring canal 2 and the outer fill sleeve of the core 1 are as shown in Figure 2. 1. It has a double wall structure and is isolated from the outside. two double walls The space 9 between the walls of is open on the lower side to the aquarium. Heat exchange from ring canal 2 The heat transferred to the interwall space 9 in the vessel 22 generates steam. occur here steam (also supplied to condenser 113 through connection 21). An overflow of the condenser vessel 4 will occur if there is an excess of water in the . Overflow water leaves the primary circuit through connection 21. This overf The boron content of the raw water is 0, corresponding to the average concentration in the primary circuit. from aquarium water Since there is no boron in the additionally generated vapor, the next circuit is constantly shut down. The boron content of the stripped circuit is constantly decreasing. As a result, the reactivity increases until the high temperature of the reactor core stabilizes due to negative neutron absorption = temperature coefficient. Until then, the output of the furnace reaches its upper limit. Since steam is constantly supplied, the furnace output is The amount of vapor generated increases constantly until it no longer passes through the condenser.

If steam is overproduced, connection 21 drains the water in the bell-shaped vessel 23 below. At the same time, the float 6 sinks and the atoms are transferred through the valve 7 and the connecting pipe 8. The passage of water in the boron-containing Iν tank towards the lower blenheim part of the furnace is opened. . As the boron content increases, the reactivity decreases and, accordingly, the furnace output also decreases. fixed During normal operation, the supply of steam and water from the water tank to the primary circuit are kept in balance. It will be done. As the output demand changes, the amount of water condensed in capacitor 3 is adjusted. be exposed. This increases the amount of steam supplied or increases the amount of water trapped. The balance is broken until the output produced matches the demand.

Figure 3 shows the hot water rising in the ring-shaped space 2 of the -order circuit and this ring. Heat exchange between the double wall 9 of the space 2 and the mantle flow i! ! i　1 details of 22 details are shown. Water heated in the reactor core enters the tubes 11 of the heat exchanger 22 and The air is sent to the circulation heater 10 and circulates between the elements. ■Pipe 1 of heat exchanger 22 Enter 1. This tube 11 continues into the ring-shaped space 2. electric heater above -10 heats the primary circuit during startup and starts circulation in the -secondary circuit. It has a role. The water containing boron is poured into a pipe nozzle that is open to the water tank 19. tube 12 and enters a heat exchanger 22 where it flows from tube 1 around heater 10. 1 to the electric heater 12, passing between the elements of the electric heater, It is again sent between the surroundings of the heater 10 and the tubes 11 of the heat exchanger 22 to enter the interwall space of the double wall. It reaches the interval 9, rises here and is vaporized. The steam part in the mantle flow is bell-shaped It is separated from the water part in the space 23 of. 11-Water containing U-acid is connected to a connecting pipe. 13 back to the inlet tube nozzle 12.

The electric heater 12 maintains a rough mantle flow during startup, and ensures that the next circuit is sufficiently clean. The role of producing steam until the nuclear reactor starts generating heat is are doing.

The two electric heaters 10 and 12 are connected to a heat exchanger 2 so that they can be used from above. It is sunk into the corresponding frontage of 2. The seal for the aquarium is that ff1ff. It is done by i.

As shown in FIG. 2, the condenser 3 has a water collector 14 and a steam collector 15. It consists of an I straight pipe between the pipes, which ascends towards the steam collector 15. water From here, the portion is recycled toward the water collector 14. The undifferentiated parts of steam and water are As shown in FIG. The signal is sent to the capacitor 16. Process water for remote heating is transferred to this conventional heat exchanger 16. It circulates in a U-shaped tube. The steam that collects on the outside surface of this tube displaces the process water. Heat. The condensed water is sent back towards the steam collector 15 where it mixes with the water portion. will be combined.

All components of the primary circuit are thermally isolated from the aquarium water. Ru. Nevertheless, the heat loss generated will not overheat the water in the aquarium. In order to maintain the temperature, the heated aquarium water is cooled by a cooler 18 for the aquarium water. guided by. The cooler 18 for the water in this aquarium is located under the bell-shaped container whose lower side is installed on. This cooler 18 is used together with the cold water in the water tank 19 to provide emergency cooling. It is also useful as a waste container. For this purpose, a steam siphon tube 17 is installed above the condenser 13. The section is connected to an emergency cooler 18. This connecting pipe 17 is connected to the lower side of the bell-shaped container 23. It is submerged below the free water surface 27.

The water surface 27 in the space below the bell-shaped container 23, which the lower side listens to, during normal operation. is maintained within the regulation region 28 by reactor power control. Connecting pipe 17 is immersed to the lower limit of this key V region 28', so the bent pipe section 29 is normally When driving, it is constantly submerged in water.

On the other hand, the lower blemish part 20 of the reactor 1 is connected to the water tank 19 through a connecting pipe 25. has been done. This connecting pipe 25 is first connected to a curved pipe inside the steam chamber on the lower side of the bell-shaped container 23. When the section 26 is in normal operation, the water level 27 is always exposed above the upper limit of the regulation area 28. It has risen to a great height.

If steam is overproduced, the water level 27 will drop and a path will be created for the steam through the connecting pipe 17. be opened. Steam leaks from the condenser 3 into the emergency cooler 18. that rl 'i East, the pressure in the condenser 3 is static, from the value corresponding to the water level 27 to the emergency cooler to a much lower value within . This creates a suction effect and the water level 27 reaches the upper limit, and the water in the aquarium passes through the connecting pipe 12 and the adjustment opening 21 to the primary system. flows into the room.

When the bent pipe section 26 is submerged due to rising water levels 2 and 7, the inside of this bent pipe section 26 On the one hand, the packing of steam is quenched by condensation, while on the other hand, its resistance is It is overcome by the suction action and passes through the connecting pipe 25 to the lower brenum part 2 of the reactor. The direct path of water in the aquarium to 0 is interrupted. Aquarium containing incoming boron The water stops the generation of heat in the reactor and at the same time contributes to cooling. original The remaining steam produced by the generation of residual heat in the child furnace is condensed in the emergency cooler 18. The water that is compressed and rises inside the condenser 3 floods the inlet of the connecting pipe 17. . The balance state is then adjusted. The residual heat of the reactor 1 is absorbed by the wall of the condenser 3. Insufficient isolation (thermal insulation) from this wall surface due to condensation of air on top (1) is transferred to the aquarium water as heat loss.At the same time, some of the residual heat is transferred to the aquarium water. The natural circulation of water carries it out of the direct lff-order circuit. At that time, the water in the aquarium It flows through the pipe 25 into the lower Blenheim section 2OLy of the reactor 1 and the reactor 1. It is cooled, flows upward through the diffuser 2 toward the condenser 3, and opens the pressure regulating opening. It leaves the primary circuit through the mouth 21, the connecting tube 13 and the tube nozzle 12.

Figure 4 shows the Fi! location is shown. −The cooling water for the next circuit is under the core. It passes through the core 1 and the heat exchanger 22 from the side blennium part 20, and further into the ring-shaped space 2. rising inside. Every other fuel element in the core 1 is directed downward by support tubes 30. and is connected to the bottom plate 31. The same fuel element is inserted into the holding grid 32 from above with J: Retained.

This holding grid 32 is connected to the lower side of the lifting bell-shaped container 34 by a connecting pipe 33. There is. 1! located between the above fuel elements of the core 1! ! The charge element is supported from the bottom. It is held by a holding grid 35, and from above it is connected to a cover grid 37 by a holding pipe 36. connected.

The left side of FIG. 4 shows the core of a nuclear reactor in operating condition. At that time, ascending and descending fishing The lower side of the bell-shaped container 34 is supported on the support ring 38 of the central guide tube 39 . Gomubara 4: This is where the water in the aquarium and the water in the primary circuit mix. It is prevented. The support grid 35 is placed on the support ring of the ring-shaped bell-shaped container 40. I'm being kicked.

This ring-shaped bell-shaped vessel 40 uses the injected gas to fill half a meter of the reactor core. supports m.

During normal operation, no steam is generated within the reactor core. Steam generation is a ring Un-initiated for the first time in the diffuser of Canal 2. Nevertheless, If steam is generated in the core 1 for some reason, the steam will flow between the holding tubes 36. , and rises through the cover grid 37 into the lifting bell-shaped container 34 . This rise If so much steam is produced that the bell-shaped container 34 is full, The fuel f1 element connected to this container 34 is pulled up between the holding tubes 36 (first (See center of Figure 4). At the same time, the holding tube 30 retains the remaining fuel remaining in its position. Slides between elements. The holding tubes 30 and 36 are made of boron [4-141 is masked by.

When lifting the bell-shaped container 34, the holding grid 32 is moved by a sleeve 41 made of boron steel. It must slide between the holding tubes 36 which are masked by. same Similarly, the holding tube 30 also slides through the support grid 35.

The ring-shaped bell-shaped container 40 is directed downwards.

Gas injection takes place through a flexible connection pipe. ring-shaped bell shape At the upper end of the vessel, the valve opening 42 is closed by a solid steel ball 43. strong swing When a movement is applied, this steel ball 43 rolls out of the valve opening 42 and the gas being injected is removed. Su is a ring-shaped bell adjective i! 1i40 and this container 40 is supported on it. sinks along with the fuel element being held. During subsidence, the steel ball 43 Before reaching the lower position shown on the side, the edge of cylinder 45 of the sleeve should be C is returned to its original position by the movable return device 44 that remained stuck to the top. Furthermore, the valve opening 42 is closed.

The bottom plate 31 is connected to the holding grid 32 through a lower space holding tube 46.

Similarly, the support grid 35 and the cover grid 37 are connected to the upper space retaining tube 47. It is. The lower and upper space holding tubes 46 and 47 and the periphery of the reactor core The surrounding connecting tube 33 is shown in FIG. The details of this connection are shown in Figure 7. Ru.

Figure 8 shows the reactor in its operating position and the chain hoist 4 that facilitates lifting. 8 and a counter weight 49. When the reactor is lifted, the bell goes up and down. The shaped vessel 34 is connected to a lifting device 50, and the reactor is further moved into a niche (recess) of a deep-chilled pig 52. )51.

In this position, the reactor is fixed by the slide gate 53. Protective pig 5 above 2 is slid from the side onto the transport container 54 which is placed in the hole 55 . After the reactor is lowered into the transportation container 54, the lifting bell-shaped container 34 is connected to the holding tube 33. Both are removed from the reactor, and the protective lid 52 is removed together with the lid 57 of the container. It is further slid until it is positioned over the transport container. The lid 57 is a lifting device 58 is set on the transport container 54 and fixed.

During the reactor charging process, the coolant level changes from normal state 59 to loading state 60. be pulled up. As a result, due to the natural environment passing through the frontage 61 inside the protected pig, Cooling of the nuclear reactor becomes possible.

Brief description of the drawing Rib table Showa 62-501100 (8) T-2 F’+3・3 international search report Sawa prE knee: = O: Millworker: Ri τ = Rib; AT worker 0NAL SE + F to 8R, Queen ? f) RT ON

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing low-temperature heat from a nuclear reactor, especially for heating purposes, A reactor located in a water tank where the cooling water is separated from the other contents of the tank. In the secondary cooling system, the pipes are guided from the lower plenum of the core through the reactor and into the upstream pipes. The decreasing hydrostatic pressure in the upstream pipe leads to the formation of steam. Thing: The steam part at the upper end of the upstream pipe releases its heat capacity as effective heat in the condenser. The condensed water and the water component are mixed in the water tank and sent to the upstream pipe. Atomic Re-supplying the lower plenum of the furnace; also the primary cooling system and condensate collection tank. The pressure between the water tank above the level of Up to this point, below this level, the hydrostatic pressure in the primary circuit was constantly increasing. On the other hand, above this level, a constant condensation pressure prevails, with the water level in the aquarium The bell shall be adjusted so that it can move freely relative to the evaporation chamber of the condenser; A method characterized by: 2. Changes in reaction output due to changes in the content of neutron absorbers dissolved in cooling water The adjustment results in a practical reactivity change, where the reactivity change Neutron absorption of eggplant = Temperature coefficient: If temperature and output change, Claim 1 is characterized in that it is amended so that a new equilibrium is obtained when The method described in. 3. The connecting pipe from the top of the evaporation chamber of the condenser is first directed downward to adjust the water level. It is guided downwards and then upwards again, where the connecting tube is exposed to cold aquarium water. In other words, when steam is overproduced, the steam is normally replaced by water. It escapes upward through a closed lower curved pipe where it condenses, This lowers the pressure in the condenser, causing the cold aquarium water to rise to the regulated level. into the capacitor in the primary circuit, where it mixes with the water in the primary circuit. The reactor core is further cooled as emergency cooling and the reactor reactivity is dissolved. is greatly reduced by the higher content of neutron absorbers, which makes the reactor It is characterized by having its mouth immersed in cold aquarium water so that the heat generation in its heart is stopped. do. The method and apparatus according to claim 2. 4. During the additional cooling process that follows the overproduction of steam, the water from the aquarium becomes , that is, the supply pipe first rises upwards and has a curved pipe with fins on its outer surface. and then directly into the reactor so that it is guided downward into the lower plenum of the reactor. be led to the lower plenum; facing the side evaporation chamber, which is always evaporated when the emergency cooling process begins. Since it is filled with air, the steam that falls on the fins heats the curved pipe and flows inside. Steam is generated, and this steam becomes a steam pack and contains the water in the aquarium in the primary circuit. After the onset of the emergency cooling process, the inhalation effect overcomes the resistance of this process. The water path for the water tank in the reactor core is separated until it is released, and the emergency cooling process is carried out. After the water level that had risen in the condenser as a result of the water level subsided and the steam condensation due to flooding Additional cooling of the reactor core by the natural environment after re-closing of the communication connections may occur as the water in the cold tank is refreshed. is supplied directly to the reactor core, warmed and rises through a diffuser, where it is connected to a pressure regulating connection. This is done by flowing out of the primary circuit through the pipe and contributing to the discharge of residual heat. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: 5. Steam is created by electrical heating and supplied to the primary circuit, resulting in The path is heated by steam created by electricity, which collects in a condenser. The incoming steam lowers the water level in the primary circuit, causing the natural circulation of water in the tank through the reactor to be interrupted. , a natural circulation of steam packing is formed in the direct supply pipe of aquarium water to the primary circuit. , whereby the water content increases until power generation begins in the reactor as a result of the steam supply. The supply of water from the aquarium to the primary circuit is suppressed until the boron content is reduced to the extent that , and that after the output is generated, the normal control device controls the reactor output. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises: 6. At the start of operation, the decreasing water level should be raised from above to a height corresponding to normal operation. As you approach the condenser, cooling of the condenser starts; It is almost equivalent to the electrical output of the steam generator for starting operation, and the reactor Fine adjustment of the water level by adjusting the electrical output until heat generation starts after sufficient purification of the water. If the water level further decreases due to fine adjustment, the steam generator power will be turned off. The reactor power is reduced to a value corresponding to normal operation, and normal reactor control equipment According to claim 5, the method is characterized in that the output output and the demand are matched. the method of. 7. Increased reactor power temporarily reduces the content of dissolved neutron absorbers in the circuit. Steam is created from the water in the aquarium by means of cooling, and this steam is used in the primary The average content of dissolved neutron absorbing material in the primary circuit is determined by the capacitor section of the circuit. This is achieved by reducing the power output of the reactor to the primary circuit. This is done by increasing the content of neutron absorbers by supplying water to the aquarium. the water in the aquarium is always higher in dissolved water than in the primary circuit during normal operation. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the method has a concentration of a ton absorber. . 8. The generation of steam from the water in the water tank is carried out by the heat from the nuclear reactor; Claims characterized in that heat from the primary circuit is utilized for this purpose. Method described in Box 7. 9. A special feature characterized in that the supply of aquarium water to the primary circuit is automatically controlled. The method according to claim 7. 10. The control of the aquarium water supply to the temporary circuit is controlled by the pressure regulating connection pipe of the primary circuit. Based on the water level inside the float, the float is adjusted via the valve and connecting pipe based on the level change of the water level. This is done by opening the path for the tank water to the next circuit, when the inflow is It must be noted that it is carried out at a higher velocity and under lower pressure. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that 11. Water in a tank where a membrane surrounds the steam chamber of the condenser transmits the change in relative pressure between the valve position and thereby the connecting pipe characterized in that the supply of water to the aquarium to the primary circuit is controlled through the , the method according to claim 9. 12. Part of the condenser in the condensate mixing tank directly aftercools the mixture It is characterized by contributing to the transfer of heat from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit by , the method and apparatus according to claim 1. 13. The effective heat from the capacitor section of the primary circuit is transferred to the heat utilization equipment through the intermediate circuit. As claimed in claim 1, the invention is characterized in that the process water is transmitted to a heat exchanger for process water. How to put it on. 14. Interlocked secondary = intermediate circuit skein above created as thermosiphon automatically Heat transfer is carried out to the primary condenser, and at the same time the secondary = thermosiphon condenser The fact that it is made as an evaporator section and that the created steam is placed in a higher position. the process water, where it condenses and transfers heat to the process water. Claim 13 is characterized in that the condensed water is returned to the evaporation equipment during the process. How to put it on. 15. Loss of water is automatically extracted from the aquarium water by a thermosiphon and released into the environment. 2. The method and device according to claim 1, characterized in that the method and device are emitted to. 16. Coolant enters the core from the lower plenum, flows through the core, and access to the upper plenum and that each core fuel element Pass through the plenum part and connect with the cover plate, or pass through the lower plenum part and connect with the support plate. When the support plate approaches the cover plate, the fuel elements are pulled away from each other and the neutron-absorbing A coupling element with a material of The method and device according to claim 1, characterized in that forming a core structure of Place. 17. Separation of the reactor core is caused by the upper cover due to the deflection of the holding strut due to vibration. characterized in that it is initiated by the sinking of the fuel element connected to the bar plate. 17. The method according to claim 16. 18. The above retaining struts are made of gas-filled floats, so , when the corresponding valve opens, the gas contained inside leaks out from the float; is automatically released by the vibration causing the solid ball to roll out of the spherical valve opening. 18. The method and device according to claim 17, characterized in that . 19. Lifting the bell-shaped vessel in which the reactor core separation is combined with the lower support plate This is done by raising the bell-shaped vessel, and the excess steam produced under the bell-shaped vessel is 17. Method and device according to claim 16, characterized in that they are collected. 20. By raising the lower support plate high, the reactor is sufficiently sub-critical for transport. The full structure is lifted out of the aquarium and submerged into the transport container, with the central The patent claim is characterized in that the The method and apparatus according to claim 16. 21. The water tank of the nuclear reactor is equipped with a sliding protective lid. It has a niche that can be accessed from the bottom, and the reactor is located in this niche. rolled up into the cage and slid sideways with the protective lid onto the transport container; When placed in a shipping container, the lid of the shipping container may be removed from the shipping container. It is attached by sliding it, and the atoms are kept intact throughout the entire operation. The furnace is complete, complies with safety requirements and is protected from external influences. 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that: