JPS624751A - Aqueous polymer composition containing surfactant type evaporation controller - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Water-containing polymer products, such as water-based paints, stains,
Adhesives, printing inks and paints have become increasingly useful because they are safe, economical, and easy to use. However, the drying properties of this type of product vary and cannot be easily controlled. This is because these are basically limited to the evaporability of water.

Therefore, the drying properties of water-based polymer products are greatly influenced by conditions such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. For example, the coating on this type of product dries virtually immediately under hot, dry, well-ventilated conditions, but has poor layerability. Furthermore, such drying conditions may impair the coating's texture, permeability to the substrate, and adhesion.

Polymer compositions carried in organic solvents differ from aqueous products in that solvents or solvent mixtures with a wide range of boiling points and volatilities are used to control dryness depending on the conditions of use. For example, consumer paints using alkyd resins dry quickly enough to cure the film with minimal sagging, running, and dust pick-up, yet the paint holds up well when recoated with a brush or roller. “ah
The disadvantages of this type of organic solvent-based composition are that
Difficulty in cleaning, toxicity of organic solvents, environmental pollution, and the relatively high cost of organic solvents that are ultimately disposed of.

A common practice in solving the drying rate problem of aqueous compositions is to add substantial amounts of water-soluble solvents to these systems to increase wet-edge or air drying times. These techniques are discussed below. M.D. Antriuse, 'Effect of ethylene and propylene glycol on the drying properties of latex paints', Journal of Paint Technology, Vol. 46, p. 40 (1974); D.N. Sullivan, 'Latex and Evaporation of Water and Solvents from Latex Paint Films'', Journal of Paint Technology, Volume 47, Page 66 (
1975): and C.R. Martens, 'Aqueous Coatings' (Van Nostrand Reinhold), 1
53 pages (1981).

These references include the use of short-chain water-soluble alcohols as co-solvents in water-based coatings to extend wet edge or air-dry times, as well as improve freeze-thaw stability, aid coalescence of latex particles, and improve uniformity. It has been shown to improve malleability. Large amounts of these low molecular weight cosolvents (often 10-20% or more based on total volatile content) are required to improve wet edge or air drying times. This is because they are thought to function simply by completely dissolving in water, thereby lowering the vapor pressure of water. These cosolvents exhibit low surface activity, and their use in large amounts tends to negate the inherent advantages of aqueous compositions.

It is known in the art to use evaporation retarders on the surface of the reservoir to control water evaporation. Evaporation retarders are generally aliphatic alcohols and ether alcohols (1 carbon atom
6 to 30), which are e.g. U.S. Patent No. 3,146,059 and Indian Patent No.
It is described in No. 0 Specification 'I'. Using these long-chain alcohols in a monolayer on the surface of water (see also E.R. Noah and R.G. Dressler, "Performance of monolayers of odd and even chain alcohols in retarding water evaporation") and E.C. Product Research and Development, Vol. 6, p. 132 (1967) and other publications.These long-chain alcohols and ether alcohols are Although effective for relatively pure water, their usefulness in multicomponent aqueous polymer compositions has not heretofore been recognized or found.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,965,678 teaches the use of branched chain alcohols as wetting agents and surfactants. However, there is no teaching or suggestion that unbranched compounds are effective in retarding water evaporation in aqueous polymeric compositions.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,287,300 teaches the use of aliphatic carboxylic acids in polyvinyl ester emulsions to reduce the coalescence temperature. This specification describes evaporation inhibition and C10""24 to reduce water evaporation from polymer compositions.
There is no teaching about the importance of using aliphatic linear compounds.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,553,123 discloses cleaning and polishing compounds which are emulsicone of natural and synthetic waxes and resins and which contain very large amounts (i.e. 40-50%) of volatile organic solvents. has been done. Additionally, the emulsifiers presented herein are highly branched, have a relatively low number of carbon atoms (i.e. 12-18), or have a high number of oxyethylene units. As mentioned, it does not appear to be effective as an evaporation inhibitor.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,847,855 discloses a latex polymerization process that uses volatile surfactants for the polymerization reaction. There is no teaching of evaporation inhibition in this specification, nor is there any teaching or suggestion that any of the various surfactants mentioned therein are effective in retarding water evaporation.

Rather, the unstable surfactants described herein are used as components in the polymerization process.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,988,275 describes a polymerization process for preparing thick latexes of synthetic rubber using emulsifiers such as fatty acids. No method is taught or included for reducing the rate of water evaporation from latex formulations. The emulsifiers presented in this specification are generally too asymmetric and of relatively short chain length, and are therefore generally unsuitable for evaporation control.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,131,585 shows a plasticizer-type leveling agent for floor polish emulsions.

These leveling agents are required to contain non-linear alkyl or alkylbenzene hydrocarbon groups and therefore are not suitable evaporation inhibitors because they do not form a dense surface film that retards water evaporation. I think that the. Furthermore, they are required to contain no more than 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. This specification specifically teaches that linear alcohol derivatives are not used.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,330,338 discloses water-in-water emulsions of resins dissolved in organic solvents for use as pharmaceutical coating compositions. This specification does not teach or suggest anything regarding the selection of surfactants other than that they should aid in the preparation of stable emulsions. There is no teaching or suggestion regarding their surface activity or effect on water evaporation. The ethoxylated fatty alcohols indicated as emulsifiers have only lauryl (12 carbon atoms) hydrophobic groups, and K is too highly ethoxylated to be used as an effective evaporation inhibitor.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,454,260 discloses suspensions of water-soluble polymers in organic solvents and the use of surfactants therein. These materials are then dissolved in water to prepare a polymer bath for use in oil recovery from oil wells. This specification is completely independent of the use of long linear aliphatic compounds to reduce the rate of water evaporation from aqueous polymeric compositions. Rather, this specification teaches the use of alkali or alkali metal salts of fatty acids as thickening agents for suspensions of aqueous polymers in organic solvents.

The inventors have surprisingly discovered that low levels of surfactant long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon type compounds can be used to control and improve the drying properties of aqueous polymeric compositions. These long chain aliphatic compounds are effective as evaporation inhibitors at low levels of 1% by weight or less. Their effectiveness is believed to be due to their ability to arrange themselves in a highly concentrated and compressed manner at the air/water interface, even if initially homogeneously incorporated into the aqueous polymer.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing the rate of water evaporation from aqueous polymeric compositions using low levels of surfactant long chain unbranched aliphatic compounds. It is also an object of the present invention to extend the wet edge or air drying time of aqueous coatings and the like when applied on a support. It is a further object of the present invention to reduce skinning of aqueous polymeric compositions in containers and retard drying on application equipment such as rollers and brushes.

Yet another object of the present invention is to improve the film forming/adhesion properties of aqueous polymeric coatings by incorporating therein low levels of surface-active evaporation inhibitors.

The present invention provides an aqueous polymer product containing an aliphatic 016 or higher hydrocarbon compound having surface activity.
A method of reducing the rate of water evaporation from an aqueous polymeric product. The present invention also relates to aqueous polymer compositions containing these C10 or higher surface active evaporation inhibitors. The aliphatic surface-active evaporation inhibitor used in the present invention has a saturated unbranched carbon-carbon chain length of 16 atoms or more, and has 1 hydrophilic group.
Hydrocarbon-type compounds containing one or more are included.

These evaporation inhibitors can be uniformly incorporated into the aqueous polymer, preferably at a level of about 1% by weight or less.

Evaporation inhibitors preferably include long linear alcohols,
Contains ether alcohol and oyohycarponate.

Evaporation inhibitors are effective in extending the wet edge or air drying time of aqueous polymeric coatings, allowing the coating to melt or melt-incorporate better upon recoating by brush or roller. These evaporation inhibitors are also effective in retarding skinning of the aqueous polymer in the container, reducing drying out on the application equipment, and improving film formation/adhesion.

The present invention relates to a novel method for reducing the rate of water evaporation from aqueous polymer products and to novel aqueous polymer compositions containing low levels of surface-active aliphatic 016 or higher evaporation inhibitors. It is related to. The use of these long-chain aliphatic evaporation inhibitors in low concentrations in water-based polymeric products, such as latex paints, increases the wet edge or air dry time of the paint film, improves film formation/adhesion, and improves skin ning is reduced.

Evaporation inhibitors useful in the practice of this invention include surface-active aliphatic compounds having a saturated unbranched carbon-carbon chain length of about 16 atoms or more and containing one or more hydrophilic groups. .

Particularly useful evaporation inhibitors include, for example, linear alcohols, ether alcohols, carboxylic acids and their salts. These evaporation inhibitors have the following structure.

or CH3(CH2)m, C0OR or CH3(
CH2)mOCH2CH(OH)CH20H m in the above formula
is an integer from about 15 to about 25; n is an integer from O to about 3; y is an integer from 1 to about 4; 2 is an integer from O to about 3; X is -H or - CH3; R is -H9-
NH4t amine or alkali metal salt: the sum of n and 2 does not exceed 3. Preferably m is 18 to 24, and n is θ
~2, y is 2-4.2 is O~2, R is an amine or an alkali metal salt, and the sum of n and 2 does not exceed 2.

More preferably l) m is 20 to 24 and n is 0
and y is 2 or 3 and 2 is O or 1, or II) n is 1 or 2 and 2 is O. Most preferably n is O, y is 2 and 2 is O or 1.

These evaporation inhibitors are preferably -OH.

Salt of -COOH, -OCHCH(OH)CH20H.

vinegar.

(where X, n+y and 2 are as defined above). various other hydrophilic groups,
For example, sulfates, sulfonates, amines, amine oxides, amides, phosphates, and phosphonates are also believed to be suitable for the present invention.

Some examples of evaporation inhibitors suitable for the practice of this invention are hexadecanol, heptadecanol, octadecanol, nonadecanol, icosanol and related ether alcohols and carboxylic acids. A highly preferred evaporation inhibitor for use in the present invention is 1-icosanol [
CH(CH2)18CH20H].

The evaporation inhibitor is preferably uniformly incorporated into the aqueous polymer composition. They can be added to the composition in various ways, for example as dilute solutions in organic solvents, as finely divided powders, as melts and as emulsions in water. Evaporation inhibitors may be mixed or blended into the polymer composition by any technique known in the art. To be useful in the present invention, K may be added as a solution or melt as described above for evaporation inhibitors, but they themselves must be solids in their normal state.

The present invention is practiced using relatively low levels of evaporation inhibitor in the polymer composition. This allows for drying control similar to that of solvent-based systems, but retains all the advantages of aqueous compositions. The particular concentration of evaporation inhibitor will depend on the particular compound used, the particular polymer formulation, and the conditions of use. The effective concentration of the evaporation inhibitors described above is generally less than 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, and preferably the concentration is less than about 1% by weight. One or a mixture of evaporation inhibitors may be used in the practice of this invention.

A preferred embodiment is to add the evaporation inhibitor to the aqueous polymer composition as a pre-emulsion in water. More preferably, the inhibitor pre-emulsion in water includes a co-surfactant to help stabilize the emulsion. It is important to choose an emulsifier that does not interfere with the surface blocking action or surface activity of the inhibitor; salts of aliphatic long chain carboxylic acids are preferred.

The evaporation inhibitor may be added as a solution in a suitable organic solvent.

The effectiveness of the evaporation inhibitors described above in aqueous polymeric compositions is believed to be due to their ability to form a highly compacted, dense monolayer at the air/water interface. It is assumed that the hydrocarbon part of the molecule is oriented towards the air, while the hydrophilic groups are in the surface region of the water. Surprisingly, the above evaporation inhibitors are
It exhibits good surface activity even when a large number of components and other competing surfactant components are present in the polymer composition and even when they are uniformly incorporated into the composition. It is believed that the evaporation inhibitors useful in forming the compacted dense monolayers described above are themselves solids in their normal state.

Evaporation inhibitors are useful in controlling the drying properties of various aqueous polymeric compositions, such as paints, stains, festivals, paints, adhesives, and inks. These aqueous polymer compositions include, for example, polymer latexes, dissolved polymers, and colloidal dispersions (e.g., C.R. Martens, “Quarterbone Coatings,”
van Nost 2nd Reinhold), pp. 41-51 (1981).

The above inhibitors may be used in acrylic latex-type compositions, such as U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,448;
43 and No. 3,736,286.

These descriptions are cited here for reference. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymer composition is an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl or acrylic emulsion, such as an aqueous paint or stain.

It is used in the production of adhesives and festivals.

Aqueous polymer compositions suitable for paint purposes are aqueous dispersions of addition polymers, which are generally very conveniently obtained in most cases by direct emulsion polymerization.

Similarly suitable aqueous polymer compositions include aqueous polymers, resin-in-water emulsions, and colloidal dispersions. Of great importance among these dispersions used in the production of aqueous polymers are the polymers, including the homopolymers and copolymers described below. (1) 1 to 18
Vinyl esters of aliphatic acids having 5 carbon atoms.

especially vinyl acetate: (acrylic and methacrylic esters of alcohols having 211 to 18 carbon atoms, especially methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate,
butyl acrylate, 2-nitylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate; and (3) mono- and di-ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons.

For example ethylene, imbutylene, styrene and aliphatic dienes such as butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.

Poly(vinyl acetate), and vinyl acetate and one or more of the following monomers, namely vinyl chloride,
Copolymers of vinylidene chloride, styrene, vinyltoluene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and one or more of the above-mentioned esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids are well known as film-forming components of water-based paints. Similarly, one or more esters of the above-mentioned acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and one or more of the following monomers, namely vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride.

Copolymers with vinylidene chloride, styrene, vinyltoluene, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are also used with more or less advantage in water-based paints. Ethylene 9
．． Homopolymers of isobutylene and styrene, and one or more of these hydrocarbons and one or more of these hydrocarbons
Copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with one or more esters, nitriles or amides or with vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride or with vinylidene chloride are also used. Diene polymers & are not commonly used in aqueous paints in the form of copolymers with one or more of the following monomers: styrene, vinyltoluene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and esters of the aforementioned acrylic or methacrylic acids. For any of the three general types of copolymers mentioned above, the monomer mixture used for their preparation by emulsion polymerization may contain small amounts, e.g. The acids used include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, citraconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and acrylic acid dimonomer.

These aqueous dispersions used as emulsion polymers in paints are prepared using one or more anionic, cationic, or nonionic emulsifiers. Regardless of the type, mixtures of two or more emulsifiers may also be used. However, it is generally undesirable to mix cationic and anionic leaves of any recognized vine. This is because they neutralize each other. The average particle size or diameter of these dispersed polymers is about 0.03 to 3 microns or greater. The particle size mentioned here is the "weight average diameter". This number (expressed in microns) can be measured using an electron microscope. Generally, the molecular weight of these emulsion polymers is high, for example about 100°000 to 10,000,
000 (viscosity average), and 500.000 or more is most common.

Generally, one gallon of paint contains 0.5 to 3 pounds of film-forming resin and about 0.2 to 5 pounds of fine pigment. ~2.3
kliF). Typical pigments are titanium dioxide and other titanium-based pigments, white lead, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, lithopone, and silica.

Talc, mica, clay, iron oxide, carbon black,
Cadmium sulfide, toluidine red, chrome orange,
Chrome yellow, chrome green.

Others are known in the art. Representative film-forming resin latexes are alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, vinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene, and others known in the art. Representative film-forming resin latexes are alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, vinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene, and others known in the art. Minor amounts of other paint additives may be included in the paint formulation, such as antifoams, powdery mildew agents, thickeners, wetting agents, fungicides, and the like. The invention can also be used in pigment-free clear latex paints, tines and phenos.

The following examples are presented to further illustrate the invention and are not meant to be construed as limiting.

Examples ■-■ Various long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds were evaluated as inhibitors in both latex and formulated latex paints. The latex is Emulsion E-1 from Rohm and Haas Company.
630, an aqueous emulsion of a synthetic acrylic polymer with a solids content of 45% by weight. A formulated latex paint was prepared using the same acrylic emulsion according to the following formulation.

Ingredients (parts by weight) Acrylic latex (E-1630) 6
00 Wetting agent 20 Antifoaming agent
2.5 Coalescing aid 40.0 Thickener 24.8 Neutralizing base 6.4 Water 1
70.8 Place 25 g of each sample of unblended latex and blended latex paint in a 9Crn diameter dish, and drop 1 g of a 0.2% by weight solution (in hexane) of various hydrocarbon compounds to be tested as evaporation inhibitors into each. added. After flash evaporation of the hexane, the weight loss of each sample due to water evaporation was measured and compared to a control sample containing no evaporation inhibitor. The results are expressed as evaporation reduction rate (%),
Shown in Table ■.

”1-L Evaporation reduction rate (25°C)% Evaporation inhibitor combination latex latex paint No smoke.

Example I CHs (a(t)+s OH2813 Example II
c) Is (CHt)+y OH2313 Example III C
Hs (CH,)+, OH7260 example TV CI-Ts
Example VI cHs(CHt
)210CH! CHt OHs s 30 cases
■ Oleic acid - Example ■ Stearic acid 17% - Examples ■ - M Other compounds were evaluated for their effectiveness as evaporation inhibitors according to the methods of Examples I - ■ above. However, a 0.1% by weight solution in hexane was used.

The results of this evaluation are shown in Table ■.

Table■ No control
00 cases ■ 1-icosanol CH3 (CH2) 0. An evaluation was conducted as an evaporation inhibitor when OH was uniformly contained in a transparent latex paint. Acrylic latex with solids content of 46.5% by weight (sold as Rhoplex AC-61 by Rohm and Haas Company) 31.5. ! Add 9.0 g of stirred sewage to i+ and 3.5 g of a 2% by weight aqueous solution of hydroxyethylcellulose thickener.
g was added. 1-icosanol 100 In9 dissolved in 2 g of methyl ethyl ketone was then added to this mixture under stirring. A control formulation was prepared in a similar manner but using 2 g of methyl ethyl ketone but without 1-icosanol.

The water evaporation rate of test and control formulations was determined at 25°C.
and gravimetrically determined at 55% relative humidity. The air drying time of the samples was measured by brushing fresh paint perpendicular to (and including) the edges of the cast film of paint at various elapsed times.

Air drying time is defined as the time that a sharp border remains at the edge of the cast coating. This indicates that drying has occurred at the edges to such an extent that the brushed film is not easily mixed in. The results of this evaluation are shown in Table ■.

Table ■ Control 1-icosanol water evaporation rate 0.072 0.03
7 (m9/min, crtt) Air drying time 1.0 2.5 cases
(1) 1-icosanol was evaluated as an evaporation inhibitor in white acrylic latex paint.

First, 80@C and 1-Icosanor/L/6. oi, stearic acid 1.4I! , 30% ammonia 1.4. ! iI
, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent (sold as Norpar 13 by Exxon), then stirred in water 609 preheated to 80°C, and the mixture was immediately placed in a water bath. Cooled inside. A white paint was then formulated according to the formulation below.

Mixed in Colores Dissolver: Water 35.7 35.
7 Dispersion aid 6.2 6.2 Wetting agent 1.4 1.4 Antifoaming agent
2.0z.

Rutile Tie, 154.0 15.4.
0 Niacrylic latex (solid content 40.9%) with the following ingredients added 478
．． 1 478.1 water
302.0 223.0 Thickener
17.5 15.5 Ammonium hydroxide (30%)
7.2 6.81-Icosanol emulsion 0.0 78.8 (
Solid content, volume %) 25 25
Example of water evaporation rate and air drying time of paint samples■
It was measured in the same way as in the case of . The results are shown in Table ■.

Table ■ Air Drying Time (min) 2 10 Examples X ■ 1-Icosanol was evaluated for effectiveness in reducing skinning of stored latex.

Bought 130 g of acrylic latex (Roblex AC-61) with a solid content of 46.5% by weight.

(approximately 0.231, 7 cm diameter) paint can.

1-icosanol was added to the above sample using the Akiho addition method. These samples were followed gravimetrically for water loss and the degree of skinning on the surface was determined (24
per hour and 48 hours). The results of this evaluation are shown in Table V.

Table V 1, None 4.3.9 8.
4.9 Significant Significant Example W 1-icosanol was evaluated for improving film formation/adhesion in white acrylic latex paint. External white latex paint was formulated according to the formulation below.

Biru scissors 1 (100%) 3.0
10 water
120.0 120.0 Dispersion aid
1.5 1.5 Wetting agent Z5
15 Antifoaming agent
225.0 225.0 Rutile type Tidy
25.0 25.0 Acid Ihi Jsu1
25.0 25.0 Aluminum silicate 147.3
147.3 clay
50.0 50.0 Silica/Silicate
5.0 5.0 Niacrylic latex with the following ingredients added (Roblex AC-61) 3
98.0 39+1LO antifoaming agent
3・θ 3・0 fusion aid
ao
a.

water 12
1.2 105.2 Thickener (25% water bath solution)
64.0 0.0 Solid content (volume%) 36 3
6 Strimmer viscosity (KU, ),
77 69 These paint samples were pre-dried (in an oven for 30 minutes at 250″F) on white pine.
It was brushed on at normal spreading speeds in a busy laboratory hood and allowed to dry in the hood. The coating was tracked for drying speed and examined for cracking after complete drying. The results of this evaluation are shown in Table ■. It can be seen that the paint containing 1-icotenol has a longer drying time, which allows the acrylic latex particles more time to coalesce and adhere to the support, and therefore less crack formation in the coating.

Table ■ Drying time (minutes) 59 Paint film cracking Moderate None The above examples show that unbranched aliphatic long chain surfactant compounds are effective as evaporation inhibitors in aqueous polymer compositions and extend air drying time. has been shown to reduce skinning and improve film formation/adhesion.

(4 other people)

Claims (18)

[Claims] (1) about 16 to about 24 carbon atoms in the aqueous polymer composition;
saturated unbranched carbon-carbon chain length, and -OH,
-OCH_2CH(OH)CH_2OH, ▲Mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼, and -COOR (in these formulas, X is -H or -CH_3; R is an amine or an alkali metal salt; n is 0 to 2; y is an integer of 1 to about 4; z is an integer of 0 to 2; the sum of n and z does not exceed 2); One or two surface-active aliphatic evaporation inhibitors containing
A method of reducing the rate of water evaporation from an aqueous polymer composition to retard skin formation and extend wet edge time, the method comprising uniformly adding at low levels a species or more. (2) (i) n is 0, y is 2 or 3,
2. The method of claim 1, wherein z is 0 or 1, or ii) n is 1 or 2 and z is 0. (3) The method according to claim 1, wherein n is 0, y is 2, and z is 0 or 1. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of evaporation inhibitor is less than or equal to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymeric composition. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of evaporation inhibitor is less than or equal to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymeric composition. (6) The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous polymer composition is selected from the group consisting of acrylic, styrene-acrylic, styrene-butadiene, and vinyl acetate polymer latexes. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the evaporation inhibitor is added to the aqueous polymer composition as a pre-emulsion in water or as a solution in an organic solvent. (8) The method according to claim 7, wherein the pre-emulsion contains an emulsifier. (9) The method according to claim 8, wherein the emulsifier is a salt of an aliphatic long-chain carboxylic acid. (10) Evaporation inhibitor is CH_3(CH_2)_1_5O
H, CH_3(CH_2)_1_7OH, CH_3(C
H_2)_1_9OH, CH_3(CH_2)_2_1
OH, CH_3(CH_2)_1_7(OCH_2CH
_2)_2OH, CH_3(CH_2)_1_7OCH
_2CH(OH)CH_2OH, CH_3(CH_2)
_2_1OCH_2CH_2OH, CH_3(CH_2
)_2_1OCH_2CH_2CH_2OH and CH
_3(CH_2)_2_1OCH_2CH(OH)CH
Claim 1 selected from the group consisting of _2OH
The method described in section. (11) The evaporation inhibitor is CH_3(CH_2)_1_9O
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein H. (12) Water-based polymer products, as well as from about 16 carbon atoms to
consisting of a saturated unbranched carbon-carbon chain length of about 24, and -
OH, -OCH_2CH(OH)CH_2OH, ▲Mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼, and -COOR (in these formulas, X is -H or -CH_3; R is an amine or an alkali metal salt; n is y is an integer of 1 to about 4; z is an integer of 0 to 2; the sum of n and z does not exceed 2) 1 or 2 hydrophilic groups A composition comprising a homogeneous mixture of one or more low-level surfactant aliphatic evaporation inhibitors including the above. (13)i) n is 0, y is 2 or 3,
13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein z is 0 or 1, or ii) n is 1 or 2, and z is 0. (14) n is 0, y is 2, and z is 0 or 1
The composition according to claim 12, which is (15) The level of evaporation inhibitor is less than or equal to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer composition.
The composition described in Section. (16) The level of evaporation inhibitor is less than or equal to about 1% by weight based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer composition.
The composition described in Section. (17) The composition of claim 12, wherein the aqueous polymer product is selected from the group consisting of acrylic, styrene-acrylic, styrene-butadiene, and vinyl acetate polymer latexes. (18) The evaporation inhibitor is CH_3(CH_2)_1_5O
H, CH_3(CH_2)_1_7OH, CH_3(C
H_2)_1_9OH, CH_3(CH_2)_2_1
OH, CH_3(CH_2)_1_7(OCH_2CH
_2)_2OH, CH_3(CH_2)_1_7OCH
_2CH(OH)CH_2OH, CH_3(CH_2)
_2_1OCH_2CH_2OH, CH_3(CH_2
)_2_1OCH_2CH_2CH_2OH and CH
_3(CH_2)_2_1OCH_2CH(OH)CH
Claim 1 selected from the group consisting of _2OH
Composition according to item 2.