JPS6234421B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Application of the Invention The present invention relates to a so-called rotary crusher such as a cone crusher or a gyratory crusher, in which the outlet set automatically follows the load. The present invention relates to an improvement of a so-called floating crushing head type rotary crusher, and particularly to a rotary type crusher that has an extremely simple structure and is reliably controlled.

Background of the Invention Conventional rotary crushers such as cone crushers are
In general, by eccentrically rotating a roughly conical crushing head inside a roughly conical cylindrical back plate, materials such as rocks are caught in the gap at the crushing chamber outlet between the crushing head and the back plate. The material is compressed and crushed between the crushing head and the back plate. In such a general rotary crusher,
The exit clearance mentioned above is constant regardless of the load, and even if the load is sufficiently small, such as when soft raw materials are input, the exit clearance of the crusher is constant, and even if the load is light, There is no adjustment function to reduce the exit clearance to increase the load.

Furthermore, in terms of the functionality of the crushing head floating type rotary crusher, when hard and large foreign matter exceeding the crushing capacity is supplied, it is desirable that the crushing head escapes by a sufficient distance to avoid damage.

On the other hand, in order to automatically follow the crushing conditions according to the load, a rotary crusher is equipped with an automatic control device that detects hydraulic pressure, motor drive current, etc. and controls the exit gap, etc. exist. As shown in FIG. 1, such a crusher is controlled by a control device 1, and a crushing head 2 is connected to a back plate 3.
The current value of the drive motor 5 that rotates the crushing head 2 while rotating on the axis of the crushing head 2, supported in the vertical direction by the hydraulic cylinder 4, and the signal value from the setticator 7 that detects the interval of the outlet gap 6, are supplied. Hopper level switch 8 that detects the level of raw material in the hopper
The system automatically and continuously measures 2 to 4 of the signal values from the pressure gauge 9 and the pressure gauge 9 that detects hydraulic pressure, and measures the This automatically adjusts the gap and the amount of feed to the crusher. Therefore, with this type of crusher, it is possible to finely adjust the outlet gap etc. according to the constantly changing crushing conditions, so it is theoretically possible to obtain the optimal crushing conditions, but on the other hand, it is expensive and An automatic control device is required, which poses a problem in terms of economy.

In addition, an accumulator filled with gas at a pressure higher than the hydraulic pressure (average crushing pressure) normally generated during crushing is inserted inside the piston-cylinder device that supports the crushing head, and when the crusher becomes overloaded, this There is a conventional crusher that prevents damage to the crusher by allowing the crushing head to escape downwards due to the action of the accumulator (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-23656). It acts as a safety device during normal operation, and does not raise or lower the crushing head during steady operation.
There is no control ability to vary the outlet clearance depending on the load, and since the accumulator is installed inside the piston/cylinder device, it is not possible to secure sufficient volume, and the slight displacement of the crushing head ( To provide a crusher capable of realizing a bed compression crushing state with a constant load at all times as the object of the present invention, and to protect the crushing head by escaping large foreign objects. It's not helpful.

Purpose of the Invention Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to reliably vary the outlet gap of the crushing chamber in accordance with a load of about the average crushing pressure,
We provide a rotating type crusher with a floating crushing head that realizes constant load operation, and even when large hard contaminants exceeding the crushing capacity of the crusher are supplied, the crushing head descends by a sufficient amount to crush them. The purpose is to reliably prevent damage to the machine.

Composition of the Invention The main means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is to support a substantially conical frustum-shaped crushing head so as to be able to rotate with hydraulic pressure, and a substantially conical back that expands downward. A rotary crusher that supports the crushing head in a rotary type crusher that compresses and crushes raw material caught in a crushing chamber between the crushing head and a back plate by eccentrically rotating the crushing head inside a plate. In the hydraulic circuit from to the hydraulic power source, there is a low pressure accumulator that reduces the internal volume of the bladder when the load applied to the crushing head is the average crushing load, and an accumulator for low pressure that reduces the internal volume of the bladder when the load applied to the crushing head is the average crushing load, and an accumulator for low pressure that does not change the internal volume of the bladder under the above average crushing load and when overloaded. For the first time, connect the Budara to a high-pressure accumulator whose internal volume fluctuates.
The object of the present invention is to provide a crushing head floating type rotary crusher in which the outlet gap of the crushing chamber is varied in accordance with the load.

Embodiments Next, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings starting from FIG. Here, FIG. 2 is a hydraulic control circuit diagram of a crusher which is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are sectional views showing the operation of an accumulator that can be used in the same control circuit, respectively. FIG. 3 shows the bladder in the most expanded state, and FIG. 4 shows the bladder in the slightly compressed state.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 10 denotes a rotary crusher, in which a crushing head 1 having a truncated conical shape is installed inside a substantially conical cylindrical back plate 11.
2 is held rotatably by hydraulic pressure and is driven to rotate eccentrically around the axis of the back plate 11. 13 is a hydraulic cylinder that supports the crushing head 12 in a vertically movable manner, and an inner chamber 14 of the hydraulic cylinder
is connected via piping 15 to a hydraulic pump 17 driven by a motor 16.

Hydraulic pump 17 from crusher 10 in pipe 15
An accumulator 18 is connected between them, and the structure of the accumulator 18 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, in a sealed pressure vessel 19,
Bladder 2 consisting of a rubber bag or the like that stores a certain amount of fluid
0 is accommodated and the pressure inside the piping 15 is low, the pressure P ₂ of the fluid inside the bladder 20 is higher than the hydraulic pressure P ₁ inside the piping 15.
As shown in FIG. 4, the valve is in its most expanded state, and the plug 22 which is interposed between the accumulator inlet part 21 and the bladder 20 to open and close the inlet part 21 is pressed against the inlet part 21. Then, the pressure inside the pipe 15 is adjusted to the bladder 20 in the state shown in FIG.
When the pressure becomes higher than P ₂ , the plug 22 is pushed up by the pressure difference between the pressures P ₁ and P ₂ , and the pressure oil in the pipe flows into the pressure vessel 19, causing the bladder to open as shown in FIG. 20 is compressed to reduce its volume.

In this embodiment, when the load depending on the hardness of the feed material received by the crusher 10 is an average value under normal operating conditions, that is, the average crushing load,
The hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder inner chamber 14 is the average crushing pressure
When the average crushing pressure P ₀ is applied to the accumulator 18, _the bladder 20 in the accumulator 18 is slightly compressed as shown in FIG.
The pressure within the bladder 20 is set so that the volume is reduced.

Therefore, when the load on the crusher changes depending on the hardness of the feed material and the pressure inside the cylinder 13 changes accordingly, the pressure inside the pipe 15 also changes at the same time, and the bladder 20 compresses according to the amount of change. or inflated;
The volume within the pressure vessel 19, excluding the bladder, changes.
Due to this fluctuation, pressure oil flows into or out of the accumulator 18, and the crushing head 12 descends or rises accordingly, changing the outlet gap 23 and changing the particle size of the product. Therefore, for soft raw materials that are crushed below the average crushing pressure, the exit gap becomes narrower and finer products are obtained, and due to this layered compression crushing state, the ratio of fine products increases. Rise.

Furthermore, if the load is significantly reduced during operation, such as when the supply of raw materials is stopped, the pressure inside the cylinder and the pressure inside the pipe 15 will drop, and the bladder 20 will be in the most expanded state as shown in the third diagram. However, even in such a case, a minimum exit gap is ensured so that the crushing head 12 and the back plate 11 do not come into contact with each other, and metal contact between the crushing head and the back plate is prevented.

A solenoid valve 24 is inserted between the accumulator 18 and the hydraulic pump 17, and during normal operation, the solenoid valve 24 releases the pressure oil stored between the solenoid valve 24 and the cylinder 13. amount is held constant.

In this embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in addition to the above-mentioned accumulator 18, an accumulator 25 for high pressure is added.
The set pressure P ₃₀ at the time of maximum expansion of the accumulator 18 is set to a higher value than the set pressure P ₂₀ at the time of maximum expansion of the accumulator 18 . Therefore, when the crusher becomes overloaded and the crushing head 12 is pushed down below a certain height, and the pressure inside the cylinder 13 becomes higher than P ₃₀ , the accumulator 25 is compressed together with the accumulator 18, promoting the descent of the crushing head 12. be done.

Since the capacity of the low-pressure accumulator 18 is small, the high-pressure accumulator 25 disables the accumulator 18 when the load of the crusher exceeds a certain value.
In order to prevent the crusher from being damaged due to insufficient lowering of the crushing head 12 by It is an accumulator for danger prevention that promotes.

In the above embodiment, in order to ensure the minimum exit gap, the bladder expands to the maximum when the load falls below a certain level, but this prevention of contact between the crushing head and the back plate Depending on the presence or absence of feed to the machine, the hydraulic pump 17 is reversed and the cylinder 14
The amount of pressure oil in the tank may be reduced. In this case, a feed detection switch 26 that comes into contact with the feed when it falls into the crushing chamber is provided in the supply section to the crushing chamber, and when this switch is turned off, the solenoid valve 24
At the same time, the hydraulic pump 17 is reversed,
The hydraulic pump 1 is operated until the pressure inside the pipe 15 detected by the pressure detector 27 falls below a certain set value.
7 to ensure a certain amount of outlet clearance, and when the switch detects the drop of the feed, it rotates the pump 17 in the forward direction until the value of the pressure detector 27 reaches the average pressure P ₀ during operation. Then, in this state, the solenoid valve 24 is closed.

Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention supports a substantially conical frustum-shaped crushing head in a rotatable manner by hydraulic pressure, and supports a substantially conical cylindrical crushing head inside a substantially conical cylindrical back plate that expands downward. In a rotary crusher that compresses and crushes the raw material caught in the crushing chamber between the crushing head and the back plate by rotating the crushing head eccentrically, the hydraulic pressure from the crusher that supports the crushing head to the hydraulic source is The circuit includes a low-pressure accumulator that reduces the internal volume of the bladder when the load applied to the crushing head is the average crushing load, and an accumulator for low pressure that reduces the internal volume of the bladder under the above average crushing load, and the internal volume of the bladder does not change at the above average crushing load and only increases when the load is overloaded. Since this is a crushing head floating rotary machine that is connected to a fluctuating high-pressure accumulator so that the exit gap of the crushing chamber fluctuates according to the load, it does not require an expensive automatic control device. Instead, the low-pressure accumulator allows the crushing of materials that are softer than the average crushing pressure, increasing the proportion of fine particles in the crushed product and successfully producing a product with a new particle size distribution that has never been seen before. It is something.

Furthermore, in the present invention, overloading of the crusher can be prevented by the presence of a high-pressure accumulator, and since these accumulators are connected outside the crusher, there is no space restriction, and the crusher head can be kept away from large foreign objects. Since the crusher is lowered while being protected, the life of the crusher can be extended.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a control system diagram of a conventional rotary crusher equipped with an automatic control device, FIG. 2 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a rotary crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing the operating state of the accumulator. Explanation of symbols, 10...Crushing head floating type rotary crusher,
11... Back plate, 12... Crushing head, 23... Outlet gap, 1
8...Accumulator, 15...Piping, 17...Hydraulic pump, 20...Bladder, 19...Pressure vessel.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 The crushing head in the shape of a truncated cone is rotatably supported by hydraulic pressure, and the crushing head is rotated eccentrically inside the back plate in the shape of a roughly conical tube that expands downward. In a rotary crusher that compresses and crushes the raw material caught in the crushing chamber between the top and the back plate, the load applied to the crushing head is applied to the hydraulic circuit from the crusher supporting the crushing head to the hydraulic power source, and the load applied to the crushing head is equal to the average crushing amount. Connecting a low-pressure accumulator in which the internal volume of the bladder decreases when under load, and a high-pressure accumulator in which the internal volume of the bladder does not change under the above-mentioned average crushing load but changes only during overload; A crushing head floating type rotator, characterized in that an outlet clearance of the crushing chamber changes depending on the load.