JPS6231471A - Individual identification system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the safety for individual identification by collating a cubic fingerprint stored in a card with the fingerprint of a card owner which is read by a card reader and discriminating whether the owner of the card is identical with a right owner or not. CONSTITUTION:The cubic fingerprint of a right card owner is stored in an integrated circuit IC card 20. Then the card 20 is put into a card reader 30 and at the same time the fingerprint of the card owner is read a CCD camera or an ITV camera 30a for reading fingerprints. This read information is converted into multi-value codes by a multi-value coding part 30b. Then the features are extracted by a feature extracting part 30c. The whole part or a part of the output of the part 30c is collated with the information out of the card 20 through a collation part 30d. Both parts 30c and 30d form a discriminating means 30e in order to discriminate whether the owner of the card 20 is identical with a right card owner or not. In such a way, the safety is improved for discrimination of individuals.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides personal identification (verification) using a more advanced recognition method.
It is related to a system that performs.

[Conventional technology]

Currently, recognition cards with magnetic stripes (hereinafter abbreviated as M/S cards) are widely used as a method for identifying a specific individual.

For example, a card used in a bank deposit/withdrawal machine (hereinafter referred to as a deposit card) has a code necessary to identify the authenticity of the card and a code to confirm that the bearer of the card is correctly registered on the card. A password code for identifying the person is stored. That is, the withdrawal machine is
The code on the inserted card is read, and the card is determined to be genuine. At the same time, the bearer is asked to key in the PIN code, and the PIN code is compared with the PIN code read from the card. determine that the person is the person in question. In this method, the PIN code is a relatively simple combination of numbers or letters so that the person in question can memorize it.

The above-mentioned method is widely used because identification is relatively simple and easy. - [Problems to be solved by the invention] However, this method has several drawbacks. First of all, the PIN code used to identify the person in question relies on a person's memory. This causes code errors and forgetting, and it is difficult to create complex codes to avoid this. On the one hand, this reduces the security of the pin code against crime. Furthermore, if the PIN code were to be complex beyond the human memory and relied on records (e.g. seal lighting), not only would it be troublesome to carry it with you, but there would also be a risk of it being lost or stolen. No improvement in safety can be expected.

The present invention was developed in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a personal identification system that does not require the card holder to memorize a personal identification code and can improve security.

[Means for solving problems]

The personal identification system according to the present invention uses a fingerprint as the card's PIN code, and compares the card holder's fingerprint read by a card reader with a part or all of the three-dimensional fingerprint stored on the card. It is determined whether the person carrying the card is a legitimate holder or not.

[Effect]

In this invention, a three-dimensional fingerprint of the card holder is stored on the card, and when the card is used normally, part of the fingerprint data is compared with the fingerprint of the card holder.
In case of doubt, all of the fingerprint data stored on the card is compared with the three-dimensional fingerprint of the card holder. This eliminates the need for the card holder to memorize a PIN code, and also prevents card forgery and fingerprint forgery. Input becomes impossible.

〔Example〕

The present invention proposes a personal identification system that uses a fingerprint as a password.

As is well known, fingerprints are something humans are born with and have a unique pattern that is unique to each person, so they are the most commonly used PIN code.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, an example will be explained in which an IC card is used as the card in which a fingerprint is stored. As is well known, an IC card is a card with a built-in memory IC, CPU, and other semiconductor chips, and has a storage capacity several orders of magnitude higher than that of an M/S card. In addition to being able to
It can be provided with arbitrary calculation functions such as feature extraction and matching functions.

FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of a personal identification system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 20 is an IC in which a three-dimensional fingerprint of a cardholder is registered as personal information.
It's a card. Here, the three-dimensional fingerprint is obtained by rotating the finger and developing the three-dimensional fingerprint into a two-dimensional shape, as shown in FIG. The three-dimensional fingerprint is registered on the IC card 20 by directly projecting the rotational fingerprint with a CCD camera or ITV camera, converting it into a multi-value code using a 6 to 8 bit gradation code, and then registering the three-dimensional fingerprint onto the IC card 20. Features are extracted and coded using a well-known data compression method. As a result, the pattern is converted into an electrical signal, and this pattern code is stored in the memory (ROM) of the IC card 20. The memory capacity required for this generally requires about 64 bytes for a raw fingerprint, but it can be reduced to less than about IK bytes by extracting features such as the depth of the fingerprint. Yes, the remaining capacity can be used to store the card's code number, etc. Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned fingerprint information, information on the rotation speed of the finger at the time of fingerprint collection is also registered in the IC card 20.

30 is a reader into which the IC card 20 is inserted; in the reader 30, 30a is a COD camera or ITV camera for reading fingerprints, and 30b is the camera 30.
A multi-value encoding unit 30c converts the information read in step a into a multi-value code, and the multi-value encoding unit 30c converts the same characteristics as the information such as the depth 9 interval of the fingerprint stored in the IC card 20 from the output of the multi-value encoding unit 30b. The feature extractor 30d extracts all or part of the output of the feature extractor 30 and the IC card 20.
This is a verification unit that compares the information read from , , . In this way, the feature extraction section 30c and the matching section 3Qd
Accordingly, a determining means 3°e is configured to determine whether or not the person carrying the card 20 is a legitimate holder of the card 20.

In this way, the reader 30 is used to (1) read the pattern code registered on the IC card in order to identify whether the person holding the IC card is the person in question, that is, the legal holder of the card; Interface function (not shown) (2) Function to read the fingerprint of a certain fingertip of the card bearer (
(in charge of the CCD camera or ITV camera 30a and the multi-value coding section 30b) (3) It has a matching function (corresponding to the feature extraction section 30c and the matching section 30d) that compares them and identifies patterns even though they are the same pattern. ing. Providing each of these functions can be achieved extremely easily using known methods.

Next, the operation will be explained.

When the card holder inserts the IC card 2o with the pattern code registered as personal information into the reader 3o and places a specific finger on the fingerprint collection window, the CCD camera or ITV
The camera 30a captures an image of the planar shape (verification information) of the card holder, that is, the fingerprint on the pad of the finger. The image signal is converted into a floor code signal by the multi-value encoding section 30b, and this is extracted as a feature by the feature extraction section 30C and outputted to the verification section 30d, where the fingerprint data is read out from the IC card 20. A part of the card is compared with the feature extraction information, and it is determined whether the bearer of the card is a legitimate holder.

Here, in the normal discrimination operation as described above, the third
As shown in FIGS. (al and bl), part of the fingerprint data of the IC card 20 (FIG. 3(a)), that is, the planar fingerprint data D1 is the output of the feature extraction unit 30c. However, if there is any doubt as to whether the card bearer is the legitimate holder, the three-dimensional fingerprint is used for verification.In other words, if there is any doubt, the card bearer will The three-dimensional fingerprint of a finger and the rotation speed information of the finger at that time are collected using the rotation method described above, as shown in FIG. 3 (C1).
This data is converted into values and features are extracted. Figure 213 (C1
) is registered data D2 of the IC card 20 by the checking unit 30d.
Check with

In this embodiment, since a fingerprint is used as the PIN code, there is no need to memorize a PIN code such as a number as in the past, making it very convenient for actual use. In addition, if the fingerprints are simply compared, there is a risk that the cardholder's fingerprints may be collected by some method and a forged fingerprint input is made, but in this embodiment, if there is any doubt, a three-dimensional fingerprint is used for comparison. Because I try to do it.

It becomes impossible to input forged fingerprints as described above, and security against crime can be improved. Furthermore, if there is any doubt, we also check the rotational speed information of the finger at the time the fingerprint was taken, so even if someone who is not the card holder obtains a three-dimensional fingerprint by intimidating the card holder. If a legitimate cardholder rotates his/her finger at a speed different from the rotational speed of the finger at the time of registration, the verification effect will be a "mismatch", making it possible to realize an extremely secure password system.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a fingerprint feature extraction function and a verification function (discrimination means) are built into the IC card 20.

In the figure, the same symbols as in Figure 1 indicate the same things, and 2
0d is a discrimination means 20d consisting of a feature extraction section 20a and a collation section 20b, and as described above, this discrimination means 20d is provided in the IC card 20 in this embodiment. The reader 30 is composed only of a CCD camera or ITV camera 30a and a multi-value encoding section 30b. Note that 20c is a memory that stores a fingerprint pattern code.

Here, in this embodiment, not only the fingerprint information 1 is registered in the IC card 2°, but also the well-known feature extraction program 20a' and the collation program 20b, as shown in FIG.
' information is also registered, and the feature extraction unit 2 in the IC card 20
0a and the collation unit 2゜b execute both of these programs 20a.
, 20b. Both programs 20a'' and 20b' can be stored using the remaining capacity after storing the pattern code.

In addition, the blocks indicated by double squares in Fig. 5 are ICs.
It shows information registered in the card 20.

The operation of this embodiment is similar to that of the system shown in FIG. There is no need to provide one, so the reader 30 is small and inexpensive, and a multiple fingerprint verification system can be realized.

In each of the above embodiments, an IC card is used as the card, but a laser card that can be read and written by a laser may also be used.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the personal identification system according to the present invention, a fingerprint is used as a PIN code, and a part or all of the fingerprint of the card holder read by the camera of the reader and the three-dimensional fingerprint stored on the card are used. This method eliminates the shortcomings of the PIN system that relies on human memory, and also makes it impossible to forge a card or enter a fake fingerprint. This has the effect of easily realizing an extremely secure password system.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a personal identification system according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a fingerprint collection method in the system, FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the verification operation in the system, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a personal identification system according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing information stored during fingerprint registration in the system. In the figure, 20 is an IC card, 30 is a reader, 30
a is a CCD camera or an ITV camera, 3ob is a multi-value coding unit, 30c is a feature extraction unit, 30d is a matching unit, 20a
20b is a collation unit, 20c is a memory in which a pattern code is stored, and 30e and 20d are discrimination means. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 2od: P/Guku 4

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A personal identification system that determines whether the bearer of the card is a legitimate card holder, which includes a card that stores the three-dimensional fingerprint of the legitimate card holder, and when the card is inserted, the card a card reading device that reads the fingerprint of the bearer; all or part of the three-dimensional fingerprint provided on the card or the card reading device and stored in the card; and the fingerprint of the card bearer read by the card reading device; 1. A personal identification system comprising: a determining means for collating the card holder and outputting information regarding whether or not the card holder is a legitimate card holder.