JPS6227980B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6227980B2
JPS6227980B2 JP10105377A JP10105377A JPS6227980B2 JP S6227980 B2 JPS6227980 B2 JP S6227980B2 JP 10105377 A JP10105377 A JP 10105377A JP 10105377 A JP10105377 A JP 10105377A JP S6227980 B2 JPS6227980 B2 JP S6227980B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
film
molecular weight
low molecular
present
refractive index
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP10105377A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5436382A (en
Inventor
Tomio Adachi
Shigeyoshi Masuda
Akihisa Oono
Masahiro Hosoi
Shiro Yokoyama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teijin Ltd
Original Assignee
Teijin Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teijin Ltd filed Critical Teijin Ltd
Priority to JP10105377A priority Critical patent/JPS5436382A/en
Publication of JPS5436382A publication Critical patent/JPS5436382A/en
Publication of JPS6227980B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6227980B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明はポリエチレンテレフタレートフイルム
に係るものである。更に詳しくは、本発明は磁気
記録材料用途に好適なポリエチレンテレフタレー
トフイルムに関するものである。 ポリエチレンテレフタレートは重合過程又は溶
融成膜過程で少量の低分子量物が副製し、この除
去を完全に行うことはできない。そして、この低
分子量物は成膜された製品フイルム中に僅か存在
する結果、フイルムを使用しているとフイルムの
表面に徐々に析出する傾向があり、磁気テープや
写真用フイルムの如き表面塗工処理を施したもの
では析出した低分子量物が塗膜層内を貫通して塗
膜層表面にまで現われることがあり、使用中のト
ラブルを招くこととなる。殊に、磁気テープでは
記録再生時の障害となる。低分子量物は315℃程
度の融点をもつことから環状3重体が主成分と推
測され、全体の1〜2重量%を占め、これはフイ
ルム表面に微細な粉末として析出する。これらの
問題を解決する試みとして、ポリエチレンテレフ
タレート重合時の低分子量物の生成を減少させる
方法が種々検討されてきたが、未だ根本的解決に
至つていない。そこで、本発明者は、フイルムの
物理的性質を改良することにより低分子量物のフ
イルム表面への析出を防止する手段をも検討した
結果、本発明に到達したものである。 従来の製膜技術は専ら機械的強度の向上、熱的
寸法安定性の賦与、フイルム厚さの均一化を中心
としていて、本発明の如き低分子量物の表面析出
を回避する手段は全く講じられていなかつた。 本発明の目的は、低分子量物の表面析出の殆ど
ないポリエチレンテレフタレートフイルムを提供
することにある。殊に、本発明の物理的性質を満
足するポリエチレンテレフタレートフイルムは磁
気テープ、写真用フイルムのベースフイルムとし
て優れたものである。 本発明者は、フイルムの密度、縦横方向屈折
率、固有粘度が特定の条件範囲にあるものが低分
子量物の表面析出ないことを知見し、本発明に到
達したものである。 すなわち、本発明は、フイルム密度が1.385
g/cm3〜1.410g/cm3の範囲であり、横方向屈折
率が1.610乃至1.650である長尺状の二軸配向ポリ
エステルフイルムにおいて、縦方向屈折率が
1.680以上であり、かつフイルムの固有粘度が
0.70dl/g以上であることを特徴とするポリエス
テルフイルムである。 本発明のポリエステルフイルムを形成するポリ
エステルとは、酸成分としてテレフタル酸を主た
る対象とするが、テレフタル酸90(好ましくは
95)モル%以上と、例えばイソフタル酸、フタル
酸、アジピン酸、セバチン酸、コハク酸、シユウ
酸、マロン酸、p―ヒドロキシ安息香酸、ω―ヒ
ドロキシカプロン酸等のような二官能性の酸の一
種、または二種以上の10(好ましくは5)モル%
以下からなる共重合体であつてもよく、またグリ
コール成分として、エチレングリコールを主たる
対象とするが、エチレングリコール90(好ましく
は95)モル%以上と、例えばトリメチレングリコ
ール、ヘキサメチレングリコール、シクロヘキサ
ンジメタノール(1,4),2,2,4,4―テ
トラメチルシクロブタンジオール(2,4)やハ
イドロキノン等の僅なジオール化合物の一種また
は二種以上の10モル%(好ましくは5モル%)以
下を用いた共重合体であつてもよく、またこれら
重合体の混合物でも良い。更にこのようなポリエ
ステルに5重量%以下の他の重合体が混合されて
いても良い。 前記ポリエステル中には、例えばリン酸、亜リ
ン酸およびそれらのエステル等の安定剤、二酸化
チタン、微粒子状シリカ、カオリン等の艶消剤、
滑剤などが含まれていてもよい。 本発明において、フイルム密度は1.385〜1.410
g/cm3の範囲内になければならない。その理由は
フイルム密度が1.385g/cm3以上ではフイルムの
結晶化度が高く、フイルムの寸法安定性、機械的
性質、その他物理的性質、耐薬品性等の化学的性
質も向上するからである。 しかし、フイルム密度が1.410g/cm3越えるよ
うになると機械的性質が劣化して好ましくない。 フイルム密度は、好ましくは1.390g/cm3乃至
1.401g/cm3;特に好ましくは1.390g/cm3乃至
1.401g/cm3である。 フイルムの横方向(フイルム面内において縦方
向と直角な方向)屈折率は 1.610〜1.650の範囲
でなければならない。これは屈折率が1.610以上
でフイルムの横方向機械的特性が良好になり、更
に低分子量物のフイルム表面折出が少くなるから
である。しかし、この屈折率が1.650より大きく
なると縦方向屈折率を本発明の規定する1.680以
上にする事が困難となる。横方向屈折率は好まし
くは1.620以上1.640以下である。 本発明では、フイルムの縦方向屈折率は1.680
以上でなければならない。これはフイルム固有粘
度の条件と併せて低分子量物のフイルム表面への
析出を妨げるためである。フイルムの縦方向屈折
率は、好ましくは1.690以上、特に好ましくは
1.695以上である。 フイルムの固有粘度が高くなると低分子量物の
フイルム表面への析出は少くなるが、溶融製膜時
の熱分解が起り易くフイルム内への異物等の混入
が増える傾向にあり、必ずしも好ましくない。 フイルム固有粘度は、好ましくは0.70dl/g以
上0.81dl/g以下である。 なお、本発明における縦方向とは押出方向(機
械方向)であり、フイルムの長手方向を通常示す
ものである。 本発明のフイルムは、溶融押出、キヤステイン
グ2軸延伸及び熱処理の各工程から得ることがで
きる。溶融押出の工程では、不必要な熱解重合を
回避するために、溶融温度は可能な限り低温度と
し、押圧機、押出機からダイまでの溶融したポリ
エチレンテレフタレートの滞留時間を可能な限り
短時間とすることが望ましい。 本発明のフイルムはフイルム中に低分子量物が
存在していても、この低分子量物がフイルム液面
に移動析出することが実質的にない特性をもつ。
この低分子量物が析出しない理由の詳細な不明で
あるが、フイルムの物理的構造が極めて緻密であ
るため、低分子量物のフイルム内での移動が制約
される結果、フイルム表面に析出することが殆ど
無くなるものと考えられる。 本発明の屈折率、密度を有するフイルムの製法
は特に限定されないが、例えば次の条件により製
膜できる。すなわち、非晶未延伸のポリエチレン
テレフタレートフイルムを約80℃にて縦延伸倍率
4.5〜7倍の範囲で縦延伸し、次いで70〜100℃に
て1.5倍以上全横延伸倍率の90%以下の範囲で第
1段横延伸し、更に85〜150℃の温度範囲でかつ
第1段横延伸温度より高い温度で全横延伸倍率が
2.5〜4.0倍になるように延伸し、しかる後170〜
250℃にて熱固定することによつて得られる。こ
の様に横方向延伸温度を2段階にするのは製膜時
の破断頻度を下げるとともに縦方向屈折率をより
高くするためである。 本発明に規定する特性値及び実施例における特
性値は下記の方法で測定する。 <固有粘度> 本発明では、ポリエステルの分子量の尺度とし
て溶液粘度より計算される固有粘度を用いる。そ
の測定法は、溶媒としてO―クロロフエノールを
用い、測定温度は25℃として、下記式より計算す
る。 ηsp/C=〔η〕+K〔η〕2C 〔ここでηsp=溶融粘度/溶媒粘度−1 〔η〕:固有粘度(dl/g) C:溶融100ml当りの溶解ポリマー質量(g/
100ml)……ここでは1.2とする。 K:ハギンス定数(0.247とする)溶液融粘度
と溶融粘度はオストワルド粘度計を用いて測
定。〕 <屈折率> アツベ屈折率測定器を用いて、ナトリウムのD
線に対して、25℃にて測定したものである。屈折
率1700以上では複屈折の測定を併用して測定す
る。 <密 度> 四塩化炭素とn―ヘプタンとの混合溶媒系の密
度勾配管にて25℃にて測定する。 <低分子量物の表面析出量> 縦、横とも一辺3.8cmのフイルム試料を25℃の
クロロホルム20mlに1時間静置浸漬し、表面低分
子量物を溶解し、該クロロホルムを分光光度計を
用いて吸収ピーク波長248mμの吸光度より算す
る。 表面析出量(mg/m2)=92×吸光度 実施例1〜5,比較例1〜4 第1表に示した如く、固有粘度の異なる種々の
ポリエチレンテレフタレートを用いて、常法によ
り溶融押出し、回転ドラム上に急冷し、非晶未延
伸フイルムを作る。これを約75℃にて3.5〜6倍
縦方向に延伸し、次いで約80℃にて2.5倍横延伸
し、更に95℃にて全横延伸倍率が約3倍となるよ
うに横延伸し、210〜240℃にて熱固定する。この
ようにして、第1表に示す如く種々の屈折率及び
密度をもつフイルムを得た。フイルムの厚さはい
ずれも20μであつた。 このフイルムの固有粘度及び低分子量物の表面
析出量をも第1表に併記した。 本発明のフイルムは低分子量物の表面析出量が
20mg/m3以下といずれも少く磁気記録材料用に好
適である。 【表】
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a polyethylene terephthalate film. More specifically, the present invention relates to a polyethylene terephthalate film suitable for use as a magnetic recording material. In polyethylene terephthalate, a small amount of low molecular weight substances are produced as by-products during the polymerization process or melt film forming process, and this cannot be completely removed. As a result of the presence of a small amount of this low molecular weight substance in the formed product film, it tends to gradually precipitate on the surface of the film when the film is used. In treated products, the precipitated low molecular weight substances may penetrate through the coating layer and appear on the coating layer surface, causing trouble during use. In particular, with magnetic tapes, this becomes a hindrance during recording and reproduction. Since the low molecular weight substance has a melting point of about 315°C, it is assumed that the main component is a cyclic triplet, which accounts for 1 to 2% by weight of the total, and is precipitated on the surface of the film as a fine powder. In an attempt to solve these problems, various methods of reducing the production of low molecular weight products during polyethylene terephthalate polymerization have been investigated, but no fundamental solution has yet been reached. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have investigated means for preventing the deposition of low molecular weight substances on the film surface by improving the physical properties of the film, and as a result, they have arrived at the present invention. Conventional film forming techniques have focused exclusively on improving mechanical strength, imparting thermal dimensional stability, and making the film thickness uniform, and no measures have been taken to avoid surface precipitation of low molecular weight substances as in the present invention. I wasn't there. An object of the present invention is to provide a polyethylene terephthalate film with almost no surface precipitation of low molecular weight substances. In particular, polyethylene terephthalate films satisfying the physical properties of the present invention are excellent as base films for magnetic tapes and photographic films. The present inventors have discovered that low molecular weight substances do not precipitate on the surface of a film when the density, longitudinal and transverse refractive index, and intrinsic viscosity of the film are within specific ranges, and have thus arrived at the present invention. That is, in the present invention, the film density is 1.385.
g/cm 3 to 1.410 g/cm 3 and a transverse refractive index of 1.610 to 1.650.
1.680 or more, and the film's intrinsic viscosity is
This is a polyester film characterized by having a density of 0.70 dl/g or more. The polyester forming the polyester film of the present invention mainly includes terephthalic acid as an acid component, but terephthalic acid 90 (preferably
95) mol% or more of difunctional acids such as isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ω-hydroxycaproic acid, etc. 10 (preferably 5) mol% of one or more types
It may be a copolymer consisting of the following, and as the glycol component, ethylene glycol is the main target, but ethylene glycol 90 (preferably 95) mol% or more and trimethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, cyclohexane glycol, etc. 10 mol% or less (preferably 5 mol%) or less of one or more diol compounds such as methanol (1,4), 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutanediol (2,4) and hydroquinone It may be a copolymer using these polymers, or it may be a mixture of these polymers. Furthermore, 5% by weight or less of other polymers may be mixed with such polyester. In the polyester, stabilizers such as phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and their esters, matting agents such as titanium dioxide, particulate silica, and kaolin,
It may also contain a lubricant or the like. In the present invention, the film density is 1.385-1.410
Must be within the range of g/ cm3 . The reason for this is that when the film density is 1.385 g/cm 3 or more, the crystallinity of the film is high, and the film's dimensional stability, mechanical properties, other physical properties, and chemical properties such as chemical resistance are also improved. . However, if the film density exceeds 1.410 g/cm 3 , the mechanical properties deteriorate, which is undesirable. The film density is preferably 1.390 g/cm 3 to
1.401g/cm 3 ; Particularly preferably 1.390g/cm 3 to
It is 1.401g/ cm3 . The refractive index of the film in the transverse direction (in the plane of the film, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) must be in the range of 1.610 to 1.650. This is because when the refractive index is 1.610 or more, the transverse mechanical properties of the film are good and furthermore, the precipitation of low molecular weight substances on the film surface is reduced. However, if this refractive index is larger than 1.650, it becomes difficult to make the longitudinal refractive index 1.680 or more as defined in the present invention. The lateral refractive index is preferably 1.620 or more and 1.640 or less. In the present invention, the longitudinal refractive index of the film is 1.680.
Must be above. This is to prevent the deposition of low molecular weight substances on the film surface in conjunction with the film's intrinsic viscosity condition. The longitudinal refractive index of the film is preferably 1.690 or more, particularly preferably
It is 1.695 or more. As the intrinsic viscosity of the film increases, the precipitation of low molecular weight substances on the film surface decreases, but thermal decomposition during melt film formation tends to occur more easily, and contamination of foreign substances into the film tends to increase, which is not necessarily preferable. The intrinsic viscosity of the film is preferably 0.70 dl/g or more and 0.81 dl/g or less. Note that the longitudinal direction in the present invention is the extrusion direction (machine direction), and usually indicates the longitudinal direction of the film. The film of the present invention can be obtained through the following steps: melt extrusion, casting biaxial stretching, and heat treatment. In the melt extrusion process, the melt temperature is kept as low as possible and the residence time of the molten polyethylene terephthalate from the press and extruder to the die is kept as short as possible in order to avoid unnecessary thermal depolymerization. It is desirable to do so. The film of the present invention has a characteristic that even if a low molecular weight substance is present in the film, the low molecular weight substance does not substantially migrate and precipitate on the film liquid surface.
Although the detailed reason why this low molecular weight substance does not precipitate is unknown, the physical structure of the film is extremely dense, which restricts the movement of low molecular weight substances within the film, and as a result, they do not precipitate on the film surface. It is thought that most of it will disappear. Although the method for producing the film having the refractive index and density of the present invention is not particularly limited, it can be produced, for example, under the following conditions. In other words, an amorphous unstretched polyethylene terephthalate film is stretched at a longitudinal stretching ratio of approximately 80°C.
Longitudinal stretching in the range of 4.5 to 7 times, then first transverse stretching in the range of 1.5 times to 90% of the total transverse stretching ratio at 70 to 100°C, and further transverse stretching in the temperature range of 85 to 150°C and The total lateral stretching ratio is higher than the first stage lateral stretching temperature.
Stretch it to 2.5~4.0 times, then 170~
Obtained by heat setting at 250℃. The reason why the transverse stretching temperature is set in two stages is to reduce the frequency of breakage during film formation and to further increase the refractive index in the longitudinal direction. The characteristic values defined in the present invention and the characteristic values in the Examples are measured by the following method. <Intrinsic Viscosity> In the present invention, the intrinsic viscosity calculated from the solution viscosity is used as a measure of the molecular weight of polyester. The measurement method uses O-chlorophenol as the solvent, the measurement temperature is 25°C, and the calculation is performed using the following formula. ηsp/C=[η]+K[η] 2 C [where ηsp=melt viscosity/solvent viscosity-1 [η]: Intrinsic viscosity (dl/g) C: Dissolved polymer mass per 100ml of melt (g/
100ml)...Here it is 1.2. K: Huggins constant (supposed to be 0.247) Solution melt viscosity and melt viscosity were measured using an Ostwald viscometer. ] <Refractive index> Using Atsube's refractive index meter, the D of sodium
Measured against the line at 25°C. If the refractive index is 1700 or more, birefringence measurement is also used. <Density> Measured at 25°C using a density gradient tube using a mixed solvent of carbon tetrachloride and n-heptane. <Amount of low molecular weight substances deposited on the surface> A film sample with a length and width of 3.8 cm on each side was immersed for 1 hour in 20 ml of chloroform at 25°C to dissolve the surface low molecular weight substances, and the chloroform was measured using a spectrophotometer. Calculated from absorbance at absorption peak wavelength 248mμ. Surface precipitation amount (mg/ m2 ) = 92 x absorbance Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 As shown in Table 1, various polyethylene terephthalates having different intrinsic viscosities were melt-extruded by a conventional method, It is quenched on a rotating drum to form an amorphous unstretched film. This is stretched 3.5 to 6 times in the machine direction at about 75°C, then stretched 2.5 times in the transverse direction at about 80°C, and further stretched in the transverse direction at 95°C so that the total transverse stretching ratio is about 3 times, Heat set at 210-240℃. In this way, films having various refractive indices and densities as shown in Table 1 were obtained. The thickness of each film was 20μ. The intrinsic viscosity of this film and the amount of low molecular weight substances deposited on the surface are also listed in Table 1. The film of the present invention has a reduced amount of low molecular weight substances deposited on the surface.
Both amounts are less than 20 mg/m 3 and are suitable for magnetic recording materials. 【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 フイルム密度が1.385g/cm3〜1.410g/cm3
範囲であり、横方向屈折率が1.610〜1.650の範囲
である長尺状の二軸配向ポリエステルフイルムに
おいて、縦方向屈折率が1.680以上であり、かつ
フイルムの固有粘度が0.70dl/g以上であること
を特徴とするポリエステルフイルム。
1. A long biaxially oriented polyester film with a film density in the range of 1.385 g/cm 3 to 1.410 g/cm 3 and a transverse refractive index in the range of 1.610 to 1.650, with a longitudinal refractive index of 1.680 or more. A polyester film characterized in that the film has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.70 dl/g or more.
JP10105377A 1977-08-25 1977-08-25 Polyester film Granted JPS5436382A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10105377A JPS5436382A (en) 1977-08-25 1977-08-25 Polyester film

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10105377A JPS5436382A (en) 1977-08-25 1977-08-25 Polyester film

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5436382A JPS5436382A (en) 1979-03-17
JPS6227980B2 true JPS6227980B2 (en) 1987-06-17

Family

ID=14290367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP10105377A Granted JPS5436382A (en) 1977-08-25 1977-08-25 Polyester film

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5436382A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01138079U (en) * 1988-03-16 1989-09-21

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57159619A (en) * 1981-03-30 1982-10-01 Teijin Ltd Polyester film for magnetic recording tape
JPS57162126A (en) * 1981-03-30 1982-10-05 Teijin Ltd Polyester film for magnetic recording tape
DE3507729A1 (en) * 1985-03-05 1986-09-11 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt BIAXIAL-ORIENTED FILM WITH HIGH SCRATCH AND ABRASION RESISTANCE

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01138079U (en) * 1988-03-16 1989-09-21

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5436382A (en) 1979-03-17

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