JPS622773B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic watering device that automatically sprinkles water on plants such as potted plants and plants in the ground at a certain time and for a certain period of time.

Traditional AC automatic water sprinklers operate at 50Hz or 60Hz.
If you are using a 24-hour timer, and the minimum unit of on/off time settings on the timer rotating disc can be controlled in 15-minute intervals, the watering time and watering time can be shared, for example, 4:30 p.m. 4:00 p.m. on the timer rotating disc to water from 4:45 p.m. to 4:45 p.m.
Insert the ON control pin into the hole at 1:30, and the OFF control pin into the next hole, and use this to control the solenoid valve, opening the solenoid valve from 4:30 to 4:45. They had started sprinkling water. In addition, if the minimum time setting unit of the 24-hour timer is 30 minutes, at the set time, the timing motor etc. rotates and operates the solenoid valve, and the watering time can be arbitrarily controlled from 1 minute to 15 minutes. I was starting to be able to do it.

The present invention is an automatic water sprinkler that automatically sprinkles water for a certain period of time at a certain time, and at night, the input of the binary counter for controlling the watering time is blocked, and the binary counter for controlling the watering time and the watering time control are By clearing all binary counter outputs and returning to the initial state, the daily error can be reduced to 1 even if the oscillation period of the astable multivibrator is not highly stable.
This eliminates the accumulation of errors by canceling every day.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on drawings showing embodiments thereof. As shown in Fig. 1, the configuration of the present invention is to use, for example, a dry cell as the power source 1, detect dawn with CdS2, and control the watering time by inputting the oscillation of the astable multivibrator to the CMOS IC binary counters 3 and 4. Then, when the watering time comes, a binary counter 5 that controls the watering time is activated to control the electromagnetic coils 6 and 7 of the solenoid valve so that watering can be performed for a certain period of time.

Next, the circuit operation will be explained in detail. first,
The switch 8 is a rotary switch with 3 circuits and 3 contacts; the a circuit is for turning on and off the power supply 1, the b circuit is for watering time control, and the c circuit is for manual watering. One contact of each circuit is the position where the power supply 1 is turned off, and the second contact is for manual watering, and when set to this position, water can be sprayed as desired, regardless of the watering time, until the switch position is changed to another position. Further, the third contact point is a position where water is sprayed for a certain period of time when the water spray time comes. Now, if the switch 8 is in the 2-contact manual watering position, the current flowing through the resistor 9 in the switch c circuit will flow through the resistors 10 and 11.
and the holding coil 7, which is the electromagnetic coil that opens the electromagnetic valve (the electromagnetic coil is composed of two, the drive coil 6 and the holding coil 7). Considering the moment when the switch 8 is set to the 2-contact position, the current flowing through the resistor 11 flows to charge the capacitor 12, so until the terminal voltage of the capacitor 12 reaches the threshold voltage Veb of the transistor 13, is off and
The current flowing through resistor 10 therefore flows to the base of transistor 14, turning transistor 14 on. That is, from the moment the switch 8 is set to the 2-contact position until the terminal voltage of the capacitor 12 reaches the threshold voltage Veb of the transistor 13, the current flows through the drive coil 6 that constitutes the electromagnetic coil.
and holding coil 7, opening the solenoid valve. After this electromagnetic valve is opened, when the terminal voltage of the capacitor 12 exceeds the threshold voltage Veb of the transistor 13, the transistor 13 is turned on and the transistor 14 is turned off, cutting off the current to the drive coil 6. However, since current continues to flow through the holding coil 7, the solenoid valve remains open. The solenoid valve driven by the above-mentioned solenoid coil has hysteresis characteristics,
Opening the solenoid valve requires about 5 times more ampere turns than when keeping the solenoid valve open, so current is passed through both the drive coil 6 and the holding coil 7 only when the solenoid valve is open. After opening, the current to the drive coil 6 is cut off and the current flows only to the holding coil 7 to extend the life of the dry cell battery serving as the power source 1. Note that the cut-off time of the drive coil 6 is set to about 60 ms.

By selecting the resistance value of the resistor 9, the minimum open holding voltage of the solenoid valve during manual watering is made higher than that during automatic watering. In other words, the current flowing through the holding coil 7 of the solenoid valve during manual watering is increased. , the current is greater than the current flowing through the holding coil 7 of the solenoid valve during automatic watering. This means that switch 8
If the solenoid valve is opened and watering is possible when the circuit C is switched to the 2-contact position for manual watering, watering will be possible for a certain number of days even if the switch 8 is switched to the 3-contact position for automatic watering. It also has the function of checking the battery life, meaning that the battery is at the end of its life if watering is not performed.

Next, the operation when the switch 8 is set to the three-contact automatic watering position will be described. First, transistors 15 and 16 form a Schmitt circuit, and when it is dark, such as at night, the resistance value of CdS2 is large, so transistor 15 is on and transistor 16 is off. When the light becomes brighter, the resistance value of CdS2 decreases, and the transistor 15 is turned off and the transistor 16 is turned on, which is the opposite of the previous situation. Also, at night rather than during the day, transistor 1
5 and 16 are inverted again and return to the initial state.

Further, the transistors 17 and 18 constitute an astable multivibrator, which oscillates at a constant period. CMOS ICs 3, 4, and 5 are binary counters that are driven by the negative edge of voltage, and as shown in Figure 2, these binary counters 3, 4, and 5 have 12 stages of output, with V _DD being the anode,
GND is the cathode, φ is the input terminal, Reset is the clear terminal, and O ₁ to O ₁₂ are the output terminals. Binary counters 3 and 4 are connected in series,
The output is taken from the terminal of the 17th stage, ie, ²¹⁷ , and this output is input to the base of the transistor 19 to operate the transistor 19, and the cathode GND of the binary counter 5 is grounded.

Transistors 20, 21, and 22 drive electromagnetic coils. When base current flows through the base resistor 23 of transistor 20, these transistors 20, 21, and 22 turn on at the same time, and when the base current stops, they turn on at the same time. Turn off. When transistors 20, 21, and 22 are turned on,
The same operation as when the switch 8 is in the two-contact position is performed. Furthermore, since the transistor 22 is operated in a saturated state, unlike in the case of manual watering, there is no equivalent to the resistor 9, and therefore the solenoid valve can be opened at a lower voltage than in the case of manual watering.

Transistors 24 and 25 are used to adjust the watering time, and the transistor 24 is used until the watering time is reached.
is on, and transistor 25 is off. When water is sprinkled, on the contrary, the transistor 24 is turned off and the transistor 25 is turned on.

Next, the overall relationship will be explained. At night, as mentioned above, the transistor 1 constituting the Schmitts circuit
6 is off, resistor 26 and diode 27
to the input terminal φ of binary counter 3 through
High voltage will be applied, and as a result,
Binary counter 3 does not work. On the other hand, binary counters 3 and 4 are connected through resistors 26 and 28.
Since a high voltage is also applied to the clear terminal (Reset) of the output terminal, all output terminals are cleared.

In addition, since the binary counters 3 and 4 do not output the binary counter 5, the transistor 19 is off, and therefore the input terminal φ and the clear terminal (Reset) of the binary counter 5 are connected to the resistors 29 and 23. diode 3
High voltage will be applied through 3,
As a result, binary counter 5 does not operate and the output terminal is cleared, but transistor 1
Since transistor 9 is off, transistors 25 and 20
It is also turned off.

At dawn, when the CdS 2 senses the dawn and turns on the transistor 16 that constitutes the Schmitt circuit, the binary counter 3 turns on, contrary to the above.
The input terminal φ of the binary counters 3 and 4 has no voltage, the clear terminals (Reset) of the binary counters 3 and 4 have a low voltage, and the output of the astable multivibrator is given to the input terminals φ of the binary counters 3 and 4 through the diode 30, etc. Counters 3 and 4 start counting. As the count progresses and the output terminal of the binary counter 4 to which the base resistor 31 of the transistor 19 is connected becomes a High voltage, the transistor 19 is turned on. As a result, the cathode of binary counter 5
GND is grounded. This grounding causes the binary counter 5 to operate, and the base resistors 29, 23 are connected to the transistors 25, 20 through the three contacts of the b circuit of the switch 8 connected to its output terminal.
Since the current flows, the transistors 25 and 20 are turned on. When the transistor 20 is turned on, the solenoid valve opens and starts sprinkling water. During this watering,
When the transistor 25 is turned on, the transistor 24 is turned off, and as a result, the base resistance of the transistor 17 that constitutes the astable multivibrator becomes the sum of the resistor 31 and the variable resistor 32. The oscillation period becomes longer.

Furthermore, when the binary counter 5 is turned on, the voltage at the three contacts of the b circuit of the switch 8 becomes Low voltage, so the diode 3 is connected to the input terminal φ and the clear terminal Reset of the binary counter 5.
3, but the output of the astable multivibrator is connected to the diode 34.
, the binary counter 5 starts counting.

After the watering time has elapsed, the circuit 3 of the switch 8 connected to the binary counter 5
When the output of the contact becomes a high voltage, the transistors 25 and 20 are turned off and watering stops. At the same time, the high voltage is applied to the input terminal φ of the binary counter 5 via the diode 33, so that the binary counter 5 stops counting. Also, since the transistor 25 is turned off, the transistor 24 is turned on,
As a result, the oscillation period of the astable multivibrator returns to its initial state.

As mentioned above, the same astable multivibrator is used during watering, the oscillation period is variably longer during watering than during time counting, and the watering time can be adjusted as a result by adjusting the variable resistor 32. do. 35 is a semi-fixed resistor that adjusts the watering time of the astable multivibrator.

In addition, the output terminal voltage of the transistor 19 to which the base resistor 31 is connected is from the start of counting.
The high voltage continues for the same amount of time as the high voltage (actually, the oscillation cycle during watering is longer, so the difference in oscillation cycle is longer), then the voltage becomes low again, and the initial state when counting starts. Return to , and repeat the same operation.

When night falls and it gets dark, the resistance value of CdS2 increases, so the transistor 16 is turned off, and at the same time the binary counter 3 stops counting, the previous count is cleared and returns to the initial state.

Next, to show an example, the illuminance of CdS2 is 30
The Schmidt circuit is turned on and off at ~100 lux, the counter period is 8 hours, the minimum watering time is about 2 minutes, the output of binary counter 3 is O ₁₂ , and the output of binary counter 4 is
If O ₅ and the output of binary counter 5 are O ₁₀ , then the oscillation period of the astable multivibrator is
^{( ms} ) ^is from ^: y≒112 (s). In other words, if the semi-fixed resistor 35 is adjusted to make the oscillation period X (ms) of the astable multivibrator 220 milliseconds, the oscillation period
Repeat watering for seconds.

For example, if dawn around August is 4:30 a.m., the first watering is only for half a cycle, so the first watering will be at around 8:30 four hours later, and the next one will be at 8:30 a.m., which is one cycle.
Water will be sprinkled for 112 seconds each around 4:30 p.m.

As described above, according to the present invention, light is detected.
The automatic water sprinkler is operated by CdS, that is, the binary counters 3 and 4 for controlling the watering time start counting from dawn.
When the watering time comes, the output of the binary counter 4 operates the binary counter 5 for controlling the watering time, and at night, the input to the binary counter 3 for controlling the watering time is blocked, and the binary counters 3 and 4 for controlling the watering time Since all the outputs of the binary counter 5 for watering time control are cleared and returned to the initial state, even if the stability of the oscillation cycle of the astable multivibrator is not high, the error per day is reduced to 1 day. As a result, the accumulation of errors is eliminated, so even a simple astable multivibrator can sufficiently achieve the intended purpose.
Therefore, it can be provided at low cost.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram of an automatic water sprinkler showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a binary counter. 2... CdS, 3, 4... Binary counter for watering time control, 5... Binary counter for watering time control, 16... Transistor, 27... Diode, 28... Resistor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 An astable multivibrator is oscillated by a Schmitt circuit using CdS2 that detects light, and the input of a binary counter 3 for watering time control is connected to the collector of one transistor 16 of the Schmitt circuit via a diode 27 and a resistor 28. Terminal φ and clear terminal Reset and clear terminal of binary counter 4 for watering time control
Reset is connected respectively, binary counters 3 and 4 start counting at dawn, and when watering time comes, binary counter 5 for watering time control is operated by the output of binary counter 4,
At night, input to the binary counter 3 for watering time control is blocked, and all outputs of binary counters 3 and 4 for watering time control and binary counter 5 for watering time control are cleared to return to the initial state. An automatic water sprinkler characterized by: