JPS62269624A - Container culture of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention 3. Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms in containers, and particularly to container cultivation of mushrooms in which the elongation rate of hyphae in a culture medium is increased. Regarding the law.

(Conventional technology) The conventional technology for growing mushrooms in bottles will be explained using oyster mushrooms (sold in the market under the name ``shimen'') as an example (Kiyohisa Omori, ``Oyster mushrooms,'' Rural Culture Association).

Figure 2 shows the conventional process for growing oyster mushrooms in bottles, in which sawdust and rice bran are mixed at a volume ratio of approximately 5:1 as raw materials.
Water is added and mixed to prepare a culture medium with a water content of approximately 65%. This culture/nutrient substrate is filled into a cultivation bottle,
The diameter of the tip is 1.0 cm in the center of the bottle, and the diameter of the top is 1.0 cm.
A hole is made using a rod of about 5 CIm. After a cap is attached to the mouth of the bottle, it is sterilized by heating at 120°C (under i! water vapor pressure) for about 1 hour. After the contents of the cultivation bottle treated with tIi bacteria have been sufficiently cooled (below 25°C), 10 to 30 g of crushed starter bacteria are placed in the hole in the center of the bottle and on the surface of the bottle.
It is added to a thickness of about 5 mm.

Once the inoculation has been completed, the cultivation bottles are immediately camped and transported to a cultivation room with a temperature of 20-25°C and a humidity of 60-70%.
Here, the hyphae are allowed to grow into the culture medium.

This operation is called culturing and usually takes 20 to 35 days.

Once culturing is complete, the cap of the bottle is removed and the aged seed layer on the surface of the culture medium is removed (this operation is called seedling). After seeding, the bottles are transported to the germination/growth room, where the temperature is 10-15℃, the humidity is 90-95%, and the illuminance is >1.
001! When placed under UX conditions, mushrooms will usually develop in 10 to 20 days and can be collected.

Currently, artificial cultivation methods such as bottle cultivation have been established for many mushrooms, but the cultivation period is generally long, and it is desired to shorten this period. For example, enokitake, nameko,
The cultivation period of Shimeji mushrooms is generally said to be approximately 20.40 days and 120 days (including the ripening period), respectively.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Normally, in bottle cultivation of mushrooms, a seed culture grown in a sawdust/rice bran mixed culture medium is used, and this seed culture is added to the hole made in the center of the bottle and the surface of the culture medium, so that the hyphae grow into the culture medium inside the bottle. occurs from the top (surface) to the bottom. Sufficient nutrients are required to increase the amount of mushrooms generated, but if there are too many nutrients, the number of mycelium produced will increase.
This results in suppressing the supply of air to the upper part of the dish. In other words, air is supplied into the culture medium through the gap between the cultivation bottle body and the cap that covers it, but if there is significant mycelial growth in the upper part of the dish, this gap will be completely blocked by bacterial cells, which will shorten the number of culture days. Even if the number is increased, it becomes impossible to extend the hyphae to the entire culture medium.

An object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient container cultivation method for mushrooms that can shorten the cultivation period by avoiding the above-mentioned problem that air supply is suppressed due to the elongation of hyphae. .

[Means for solving problems]

The above purpose is to use a liquid culture of the fungus as a starter for inoculation, supply at least a portion of this liquid culture so that it reaches the bottom of the cultivation container, and the hyphae to grow upward from the bottom of the cultivation container. This is achieved by making it stretch.

[Effect]

Since the inoculum obtained by liquid culture is supplied in such a way that only a small amount of the inoculum reaches the bottom of the cultivation container, the formation of an aged inoculum layer on the surface of the culture medium or an abnormally high inoculum (one-time formation of bacterial cells) is suppressed. The hyphae grow upward from the bottom of the cultivation container without changing color and with air supplied.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Next, a method for cultivating mushrooms in containers according to the method of the present invention will be explained using oyster mushrooms as an example. Figure 1 shows an overview of the method for cultivating oyster mushrooms in containers. In FIG. 1, the steps up to filling the cultivation bottle with the culture medium are the same as the conventional method described above. The center of the bottle has a diameter of 1.5C11 as in the conventional method.
Alternatively, at this stage, the hole may be punched using an inoculation nozzle or the like during inoculation of the inoculum, rather than being punched at this stage.

The installation of the camp and the incline reduction operation are carried out in the same manner as in the conventional method, and after cooling, the inoculum is inoculated. This operation is a feature of the present invention. That is, a seed solution obtained by culturing in advance using a liquid medium is supplied so that at least a part of it reaches the bottom of the bottle. The liquid medium for this seed culture may be any medium as long as it can obtain a predetermined seed culture concentration and is safe when attached to mushrooms as food, such as yeast extract, malt extract, etc. 0.1 to 5% alone or in a mixed solution, C, apek medium (NaNO30,
2g1Kz HPO, 0, 10g, MgSO3・7
H, 00,05g1KCI4 0.05g, Fe50.
0.001g.

Sugar 3.0g, water 100ml 1) Sugar is a typical example. Any method may be used to inoculate the seed culture as long as the seed culture solution is supplied to the bottom of the bottle.
About 1 to 10 ml of the inoculum solution obtained by culturing for about a day is injected into a hole made in the center of the culture medium.
Alternatively, this can be accomplished by inserting a tube into the culture medium without holes and using the tube to inject the inoculum solution.

In addition, the elongation speed of mycelia can be controlled by supplying the seed solution to the bottom of the bottle and the surface of the culture medium and allowing a portion of it to soak into the culture medium, or by supplying it to a position midway between the surface and bottom of the culture medium. You can also make it bigger.

The cultivation bottle inoculated with the seed fungus is transported to a culture room in the same way as in the conventional method, where sufficient hyphae are generated in the culture medium, after which the mushrooms are harvested through the process of germination and growth.

When using a seed culture grown on a solid medium such as sawdust or rice bran, as is commonly done at present, the seed culture must be inoculated (added) to the surface of the culture medium, and some seeds are grown in the center of the bottle. The hyphae also fall into the drilled hole and begin to elongate from here as well, but if the hyphae concentration increases at the top of the bottle and the air supply to the top of the dish is suppressed, the growth of the central hole shell The elongation of the hyphae stops.Even in the conventional method, some of the seed bacteria that falls along the hole in the center of the bottle reaches the bottom of the bottle, but the area of the bottom of the bottle where the seed bacteria adheres is at most about 1-1. Yes, as mentioned above, the elongation of hyphae mainly proceeds from the surface to the bottom. In contrast, in the case of liquid inoculation, the inoculum can be spread to the bottom of the bottle, which is extremely efficient. Furthermore, when a solid seed is used, there is an induction period of several days before hyphae start to grow onto the culture medium. This is thought to be because most of the mushroom fungi in the inoculum are in a dead state, whereas in the case of liquid inoculation as in the method of the present invention, the inoculum is used in the so-called logarithmic growth phase, where the activity is high. Moreover, since the seed bacteria can be supplied into the culture medium and mycelia can be started to grow from the bottom of the bottle, the surface of the culture medium, and various points inside the culture medium, the cultivation period can be significantly shortened. In addition, liquid inoculation is easier to operate than solid inoculum, and is particularly suitable for large-scale production of mushrooms.

When the mycelium has covered the entire culture medium (at the end of the culture period), the part of the surface of the culture medium containing the inoculum is usually scraped out (this operation is called inoculum), but when the liquid inoculation method is used, this inoculum layer is scraped out. Since there is no such thing, the drawing operation can be simplified to simply rubbing the surface of the culture medium.

After the seedling operation is completed, the cultivation bottle is carried into the germination chamber and the operation for generating mushrooms is the same as in the conventional method.

In contrast to the conventional method in which the contents of the bottle after cultivation can be used as is (see FIG. 2), in the method of the present invention it is necessary to prepare a seed solution separately.

The inoculum solution can be prepared by a general liquid@cultivation method that involves air blowing and diffusion, and either a batch method or a continuous method may be adopted as the culture method.

By the way, in the liquid culture of mushroom fungi, spherical mycelia with a diameter of about 5 mm are formed depending on the conditions, so the stirring speed is adjusted, but it is also possible to miniaturize the spherical bodies by means such as installing a chissopar in the tank. It is desirable to

Next, the method of the present invention will be explained in more detail using specific examples, but the method of the present invention is not limited to the oyster mushrooms mentioned here, but includes enokitake, nameko, honshimeji, tamogitake, maitake, and wood ear mushroom. , Shirotamogitake,
It can be applied to any mushrooms such as kuritake and shiitake.

Example 1 Water was added to a mixture consisting of 60% hardwood sawdust and 40% rice 1i to prepare a culture medium with a moisture content of 65%, and 580 g each of this was filled into three 850 ml plastic cultivation bottles. Drill a hole of 1c+a directly in the center of the filled culture medium that reaches the bottom of the bottle, and after capping it,
It was heat sterilized for 1 hour under saturated steam pressure at 20°C.

After cooling, 5 ml of the Oyster mushroom inoculum solution obtained by shaking culture for 10 days in a liquid medium containing 1% malt extract was supplied through a hole with a diameter of 1 in the center of the bottle so that it reached the bottom of the bottle, and the temperature was 22°C. ℃ and humidity of 60 to 70%, hyphae extended upward from the bottom of the bottle, and hyphae covered the entire culture medium 15 days after inoculation. Without any bacterial species,
Temperature 13℃ and humidity 90-95 with the lid off of the cultivation bottle
%, under the condition of illuminance 200Jlux, mushrooms from three cultivation bottles were grown at 95g, 89g and 9g respectively.
I was able to harvest 2g.

Example 2 How to inoculate liquid seed bacteria into the bottom of the bottle with 2.5mj! , Example 1 except that the culture medium surface was inoculated with 2.5 mA.
Cultivation tests were conducted in the same manner. In each bottle, mycelia grew all over the side wall of the bottle within 10 days of inoculation with the inoculum, and cotton-like mycelium was generated on the surface of the culture medium. After scraping off the cotton-like two threads, the mushroom yields from the three cultivation bottles were 98 g, 95 g, and 101 g, respectively, under the same temperature, humidity, and illuminance conditions as in Example 1.

Example 3 Culture medium composition: 20% peat, 48% barley hulls, 24% rice bran
, Example 2 except that bran was 8% and the filling amount was 600 g.
When a cultivation test was conducted in the same manner as above, the number of days required for mycelia to spread throughout the culture medium (cultivation days) was at most 18 days. Thereafter, when germination and growth were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 2, mushrooms could be grown after 12 days, and the mushroom yields from the three cultivation bottles were 108g and 110g, respectively.
g and 109 g.

Comparative Example 1 In the center of the culture medium, the diameter is 1.5 cm at the top and 1.0 cm at the bottom.
After making 11 holes and sterilizing them, add a total of 20 g of inoculum grown in sawdust-rice bran solid medium to the inside of these holes and to the surface of the culture medium.
Inoculated. Other operations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the degree of hyphal elongation (ratio of the portion of the side wall covered by hyphae) after 30 days of culture was approximately 70%. After seeding, the mushrooms were germinated and grown under the same conditions as in Example 1.
When grown, the mushroom yields were 65g, 70g, and 71g.
It was g.

Comparative Example 2 When 650 g of the base was filled into the same culture medium 1 as in Example 3 and the inoculum was inoculated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, the degree of elongation of the hyphae after 30 days of culture was 80 to 90%. When the mushrooms were allowed to germinate and grow after seeding (number of germination and growth days: 15 days), the mushroom yield was 75 g on average.
[Effects of the Invention] Since a highly active seed culture in a liquid state is inoculated and air supply is not a limiting factor, the cultivation period, in particular, is significantly shortened among the total number of cultivation days. In addition, since the mycelium is extended from the initial state of the culture period to the bottom of the container and the surface of the culture medium, the occurrence of a large amount of mycelium in the periphery of the bottle is avoided, and the mushroom yield is increased. Furthermore, the inoculation work itself is simplified.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an embodiment of the container cultivation method for mushrooms according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing a conventional container cultivation method for mushrooms.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A method for cultivating mushrooms in containers, which includes the steps of filling a mushroom cultivation container with a culture medium, sterilizing the culture medium filled in the container, and inoculating the sterilized culture medium with an inoculum. A liquid culture of the fungus is used as the seed fungus, and at least a portion of the liquid culture is supplied so as to reach the bottom of the cultivation container, so that the hyphae extend upward from the bottom of the cultivation container. A container cultivation method for mushrooms characterized by: