JPS62264810A - Metal cutting method and machining unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make uncentered, highly accurate machining and productivity improvable, by inserting a tool holder, installing plural cutting tools as kept apart in the axial direction, into a through hole of a work, and machining each inside diametral part at both ends simultaneously. CONSTITUTION:Two cutting tools T1 and T2 are attached to a tool holder 15 being supported by a tool supporter 19 in a specified direction at a regular interval, and rotated by a motor 17 via pulleys 25 and 27 and a belt 29. And, an index pin 39 is slightly rotated by operation of an air cylinder 33 at a tilting part of a lock plate 37 at a tip of a piston rod 35 whereby the tool holder 15 is kept in a constant direction at all times owing to a proximity switch 43 and a groove 41. Under this state, a carriage 7 is moved in an X-axis direction and inserted into a work prepared hole WC held by a chuck (unillustrated herein) from one end, rotating the tool holder 15 by the motor 17, and the carriage 7 is moved in a Z-axis direction, thus holes WL and WR at both end sides are simultaneously machined. Thus, uncentered drilling is accurately performed in a short time.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a cutting method and a cutting device for processing a workpiece, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a cutting method and a cutting device for processing a workpiece, and more specifically, for cutting the inner diameter portions of both ends of the workpiece at the same time. The present invention relates to a cutting method and a cutting device.

[Conventional technology 1 Conventionally, one end of the workpiece is gripped by a chuck and the third
Inner diameter portions WL on both end sides of the workpiece W as shown in the figure,
The method of cutting vVR is to use a cutting tool to cut the inner diameter part WR on the other end of the workpiece W using one automatic lathe, then remove the workpiece W from the chuck and then remove the workpiece W from the chuck. Reverse W and workpiece W
It! ! It is known to hold the OXi side in a chuck and cut the inner diameter portion W'' on one end side of the workpiece W with a cutting tool.

In addition, as another cutting method, two headstocks installed oppositely are used, and one end of the workpiece W is first gripped via a chuck on the main shaft of one headstock, and the workpiece W is bent. The inner diameter portion WR on the end side is cut using a cutting tool. Next, the other end of the workpiece W is gripped by the spindle of the other headstock via a chuck, and the inner diameter WL of one end of the workpiece W is cut with a cutting tool to cut the other end of the workpiece W. The inner diameter part is being machined.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in both the former and latter methods of the prior art described above, one end of the workpiece W is gripped by a chuck and cutting is performed. I!
The second end is gripped again by the chuck. Therefore, it is very difficult to accurately grasp the position of the axis of each inner diameter part on both ends of the workpiece W to be cut so as not to cause misalignment. That is, in order to grip both ends of the workpiece W with chucks and to prevent misalignment of the axes, the outer diameters of both ends of the workpiece W must be the same, but it is not always the case that the workpiece W The outer diameters of both ends are not necessarily the same diameter. In order to make the outer diameters on both ends the same diameter, the outer diameter must be machined before cutting the inner diameter portions on both ends, which requires a lot of effort. Therefore, there is a problem in that the axes of both ends of the workpiece W are misaligned.

In addition, since the inner diameter portions of one end and the other end of the workpiece W are cut separately, cutting time is required, and due to the aforementioned misalignment problem, accurate cutting of the inner diameter portion is not possible. It cannot be done.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention has been proposed in order to solve the problem in view of the above-mentioned circumstances. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting method and a cutting device which can perform accurate cutting without causing misalignment, and can shorten the cutting time.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a first invention in which, after gripping one end side of a workpiece having a through hole in its axis in a chuck, a plurality of cutting tools are A tool holder having axially spaced apart parts is inserted into the through hole from the curved end side of the workpiece, and the tool holder is moved in the radial direction relative to the workpiece, and the tool holder is moved radially relative to the workpiece. This cutting method is characterized by rotating the workpiece and moving relatively in the axial direction to simultaneously machine the inner diameter portions of one end and the other end of the workpiece. The second invention provides a tool support that is movable in the radial and axial directions with respect to the workpiece held by the chuck on the −q side, and the tool holder rotatably supported on the tool support is mounted on the workpiece as described above. A plurality of cutting tools are provided so as to be freely inserted into a through hole provided in a workpiece, and supported by the tool holder, and are provided spaced apart in the axial direction and protrude in substantially the same direction, with respect to the tool support base. Particularly, the cutting tool δ is provided with a tool holder fixing device that can freely fix the cutting tool while keeping the directionality of the cutting tool constant.
It is.

[Function] By employing the present invention, the inner diameter portions of both ends of the workpiece can be cut simultaneously in a short time.
In addition, cutting can be performed accurately without misalignment of the axes located in the inner diameter portions of both ends.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a headstock 3 in an automatic lathe 1 is mounted on a bed (not shown), and a main spindle is rotatably mounted within the headstock 3.

A chuck 5 is provided at the tip of the main shaft, and one end side of the workpiece W is gripped by the chuck 5.

At a position in front of the headstock 3 to the right in FIG. 1, a carriage 7 is located in the front-rear direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1 (hereinafter referred to as the Z-axis direction)) and in the left-right direction (J'3 in FIG. It is arranged so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (hereinafter referred to as the X-axis direction). This carriage 7 is mounted on a slider (not shown) which is freely movable in the Z-axis direction and is movable in the X-axis direction, and the Z-axis movement of the slider and the X-axis movement of the carriage 7 are This is carried out by an appropriate drive device such as a horizontal ball screw 0I (not shown). A plurality of cutting tools 9 are appropriately mounted on the reciprocating table 7 and are capable of machining one end side of the workpiece W gripped by the chuck 5 provided on the main shaft and the other end side thereof. The machining head device 11 equipped with a plurality of blade tools, for example two blades, for machining the inner diameter portions of both ends of the workpiece W shown in FIG. 3 is priced at ¥R. Further, the reciprocating table 7 is provided with a gripping tool that grips the other end of the workpiece W when the product is separated from the other end of the workpiece W using a cut-off bit provided in a tool holder (not shown). A workpiece gripping device 13 is attached.

Therefore, one end side of the workpiece W is gripped and fixed to the main shaft rotatably supported by the headstock 3 via the chuck 5, and the main shaft is rotated, and a plurality of appropriate cutting tools 9 mounted on the carriage 7 are rotated. After making it correspond to the workpiece W, the carriage 7 is moved appropriately in the 7th direction and the X-axis direction (1111).
fli! As a result, the (l!! end side) of the workpiece W is machined by the cutting tool 9 as appropriate.

The axis center CL is on the left side in FIG. 3 on one end side of the workpiece W shown in FIG. 3 and on the right side in FIG. 3 on the curved end side.
When machining the bearing holes WL and WR at the same time with the bearings centered on
C is pre-drilled.

To drill this through hole WC in advance, the chuck 5 provided on the main spindle 3 of the automatic lathe 1 shown in FIG. 1 grips one end of the workpiece W shown in FIG. Rotate. A cutting tool for machining the through hole WC is selected from a plurality of appropriate cutting tools 9 mounted on the reciprocating table 7, and the reciprocating table 7 is appropriately moved in the Z-axis and X-axis directions in correspondence with the workpiece W. The through hole WC is drilled under control.

Next, one end of the workpiece W is held as it is in the chuck 5 and the main shaft is not rotated, and the processing head device 11 equipped with two comb-blade tools mounted on the carriage 7 at 5A is mounted. The tool holder 15 is positioned using a tool holder fixing device, which will be described later, while keeping the directionality of the two □□□ blade tools constant. Next, the carriage 7 is moved in the Z-axis and X-axis directions, and the tool holder 15 is inserted into the through hole WC. The position index of the above comb blade tool is as follows:
When inserting into the through hole WC, the zero-blade tool is inserted into the through hole WC.
This is to prevent interference. Tool holder 15
After inserting the tool into the through hole WC, the tool boulder 1 is inserted into the through hole WC.
5 to a constant rotation by the tool holder rotation drive morph 17, and by controlling the movement of the carriage 7 in the Z-axis direction, both ends of the workpiece W shown in FIG.
For example, bearing holes for mounting bearings on VL and WR can be machined to have a positive iy shape simultaneously and in a short time without misalignment.

Next, the processing head device 11 mounted on the carriage 7
The structure of the tool holder fixing device incorporated in the tool holder fixing device will be explained in detail with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 2, a tool support stand 19 is placed on the carriage 7, and a drive motor 17 for rotating the tool holder is provided at the rear left side of one of the tool support stands. A support member 21 rotatably supports the tool holder 15, and the tool holder 15 is supported on the support member 21 on the left front side of one tool support stand. Tool boulder 1
5 includes a plurality of cutting tools, two wooden blade tools T1. T
2 are spaced apart from each other at regular intervals in the axial direction of the tool holder 15, project in the same direction, and are fixed with set screws or the like.

Note that these two D-blade tools T1. It would be even better if T2 were configured to be adjusted by moving in the axial direction of the tool holder 15. A long groove 23 is bored on the right side of the tool support stand 19, and both ends thereof are circular. A drive pulley 25 is attached to the long groove 23 on the output shaft of the drive motor 17 for rotating the tool holder, and a rotation shaft for rotating the tool holder 15 is provided in the support member 21, and the rotation thereof is A driven pulley 27 is attached to the shaft.

A belt 29 such as a timing belt is wound around the driving pulley 25 and the driven pulley 27.

Therefore, when the tool holder rotation drive motor 17 is driven, the drive pulley 25. Belt 29° Driven pulley 27
The rotation is transmitted to the tool holder 15 via the rotating shaft, and the two wooden comb blade tools 1 attached to the tool holder 15 are
．． T2 will be rotated at a constant rotation.

On the right side of the tool support stand 19 in FIG.
Tool holder fixing device 3 for keeping the direction constant
1 is provided. More specifically, as shown in FIG.
The air cylinder 33 is mounted (q). A piston rod 35 extends in front of the air cylinder 33 and is attached to move freely in the X-axis direction. A lock is attached to the tip of the piston rod 35. A plate 37 is integrally attached.The lock plate 37 has a sloped portion 37K whose upper portion slopes upward to the right from the tip side toward the tangential side.

On the other hand, three indexing bins are integrally attached to one end of the slave Φ)J pulley 27 near the outer circumference. Further, a part of the outer circumference of the driven pulley 27 is provided with a hole 41/+C to 1j, and a proximity switch 43 is provided within one tool support stand facing the yellow 41. In addition, this proximity switch 4
3, when the driven pulley 27 rotates slightly for position determination, the presence or absence of the groove 41 is detected to check whether the position determination has been performed.

With the above configuration, when the air cylinder 33 is actuated and the piston rod 5 moves forward to the left in FIG. 2, the lock plate 37 integrally attached to the tip of the piston rod 35 moves forward. . When the lock plate 37 moves forward, the lock plate 37
The tool holder 15 is always held in a constant direction in the state shown by the solid line in FIG. 3, with the sloped portion 37K of the tool holder 15 in contact with the three bins 7 and 11 and the three bins slightly rotated. By moving the carriage 7 in the X-axis direction in this state, the workpiece Wa') is moved slightly from the axis and the tool holder 1
By setting 5 to the state shown by the solid line, the tool holder 15 can be inserted into the Cj through hole WC without interfering with it. In addition, no matter where the two single-section blade tools Tl and T2, which are the cutting tools attached to the tool holder 15, are located,
By operating the tool holder fixing device 31, the comb blade tool T1. Since the directionality of T2 is maintained constant, the comb blade tool T1 and the tool 2 do not interfere with the through hole WC.

By providing the tool holder fixing device 31, the comb blade tool T1. Since the worker holder 15 equipped with T2 is easily and easily inserted into the through hole WC of the workpiece W, for example, bearing holes for WL and WR can be simultaneously machined accurately without causing misalignment at both ends Ill of the workpiece W. It can be processed into

In addition, ■Blade tool T1. Whether or not the position of T2 has been accurately determined is determined by detecting the groove 41 with the proximity switch 43.

Both +ηi inner diameter portions WR of the workpiece W in this embodiment
, WL have the same diameter as shown in FIG. 3, but they may have different diameters. In the case of different diameters, this can be handled by using two different comb blade tools.

[Effects] As can be understood from the description of the embodiments above, according to the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously cut the inner diameter portions on both ends of the workpiece, and to cut the inner diameter portions on both ends of the workpiece simultaneously. For example, is the mind accurate without causing misalignment?
:A product with 41 bearing holes of 5 precision can be obtained.

In addition, productivity can be improved because zero cutting force can be achieved in a shorter time than in the conventional cutting process.

Furthermore, when inserting the tool holder into the through-hole, a tool holder fixing device is installed to allow positional indexing to prevent the cutting tool from interfering with the through-hole, which almost eliminates mistakes in simultaneous machining and automatically This will help the cutting process.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an automatic lathe to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view taken in the direction of arrow (■) in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the workpiece to be machined, and is also an explanatory view showing the position indexing state of the tool. [Explanation of symbols representing main parts of the drawing] 1... Automatic lathe 5... Chuck 7... Carriage table
11... Processing head device 15... Tool holder
One... Tool support stand 31... Tool holder fixing device 37... Lock plate 39... Index bin W.
...Workpiece WC...Through hole B Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) After gripping one end side of a workpiece having a through hole in the axis center with a chuck, a tool boulder equipped with a plurality of cutting tools spaced apart in the axial direction is inserted from the other end side of the workpiece. The tool holder is inserted into the through hole and moved in the radial direction relative to the workpiece, as well as rotated and moved relative to the workpiece in the axial direction, so that the tool holder is moved between one end side and the other end of the workpiece. A cutting method characterized by simultaneously cutting the inner diameter part of the side. (2) A tool support is provided that is movable in the radial and axial directions with respect to the workpiece whose one end side is gripped by a chuck, and a tool holder rotatably supported by the tool support is attached to the workpiece. A plurality of cutting tools supported by the tool holder are provided so as to be freely inserted into the provided through-hole, and are provided spaced apart in the axial direction and protrude in substantially the same direction, and the cutting tools are provided with respect to the tool support base. A cutting device characterized by being provided with a tool holder fixing device that can be fixed while maintaining constant directionality. (3) The tool holder fixing device includes an indexing member attached to a rotating body that rotatably drives the tool holder, and a workpiece that is movable in the radial direction for indexing the indexing member to a fixed position. 3. The cutting device according to claim 2, comprising a lock plate and a pressurizing cylinder for moving the lock plate.