JPS62259526A - Production increase in breeding of awabi - Google Patents
Production increase in breeding of awabiInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62259526A JPS62259526A JP61102628A JP10262886A JPS62259526A JP S62259526 A JPS62259526 A JP S62259526A JP 61102628 A JP61102628 A JP 61102628A JP 10262886 A JP10262886 A JP 10262886A JP S62259526 A JPS62259526 A JP S62259526A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- abalone
- loci
- esterase
- survival rate
- breeding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 108020001657 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004567 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000054765 polymorphisms of proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000143510 Haliotis discus hannai Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237891 Haliotidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
「産業上の利用分野」
本発明はアワビの増養殖においてその放流又は養殖地域
の環境諸条件下で生存度の高い種苗の集団選択・生産を
遺伝学的見地から適切に行うことにより、生産を増大さ
せる方法に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention is suitable for the population selection and production of seedlings that have a high survival rate under the environmental conditions of the release or aquaculture area in abalone aquaculture from a genetic standpoint. The present invention relates to a method for increasing production by increasing production efficiency.
「従来技術」
例えばエゾアワビ等の母貝から１回の放卵数は数百万粒
に達しながら、自然の生態系の中での生存率は著しく低
い。種苗生産と稚仔の飼育管理技術の進歩によって放流
時（最長３０ ｍ ｍ ）までの生存率は著しく改善さ
れた。しかしながら放流後の生存率に関しては充分に明
らかにされていない。またその諸環境条件下において高
い生存度を持つ種苗の選択生産の必要性に関して、現在
のところまったく配慮されていない。``Prior Art'' For example, although the number of eggs released from a mother mollusk such as Ezo abalone reaches several million at a time, the survival rate in the natural ecosystem is extremely low. The survival rate up to the time of release (up to 30 mm) has significantly improved due to advances in seed production and fry rearing and management techniques. However, the survival rate after release has not been fully clarified. Furthermore, no consideration is currently given to the necessity of selectively producing seedlings that have a high survival rate under various environmental conditions.
「本発明が解決しようとする問題点」
従来のアワビ増養殖技術というのは、（イ）種苗生産技
術、（ロ）幼稚仔・親貝の飼育Φ管理技術、および（ハ
）漁場の改良・造成技術などの３本柱から成っている。"Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention" Conventional abalone aquaculture techniques include (a) seedling production technology, (b) larvae and parent shellfish rearing Φ management technology, and (c) fishing ground improvement and It consists of three pillars, including construction technology.
しかし、このような３技術間発の段階では、同種のアワ
ビであれば何万個あろうとほぼ一様な性質を持つものと
して取扱われて居り、生物の多様性に対する配慮を欠い
ている。本発明者はアワビの遺伝、育種学的研究を進め
ているうちに、アワビの寿命と密接に関連する生存度が
遺伝学体質によってかなり相違することが分った。（第
１図、表１、表２）
そこでこの知見に基づいて漁獲時までの生存率を向上さ
せることにより、アワビの生産を増大させようというの
が本発明の目的である。However, at this stage of development between the three technologies, tens of thousands of abalones of the same species are treated as having nearly uniform properties, and consideration for biological diversity is lacking. While conducting genetic and breeding research on abalone, the present inventor found that the survival rate, which is closely related to the lifespan of abalone, varies considerably depending on the genetic constitution. (Figure 1, Table 1, Table 2) Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to increase the production of abalone by improving the survival rate until the time of fishing based on this knowledge.
「問題を解決するための手段」
本発明は、上記目的を解決するため、次のような手段を
講する。"Means for Solving the Problem" The present invention takes the following means to solve the above object.
第一・手段
通常のデンプンゲル電気泳動法によって、野生のアワビ
の酵素多型（フオスフオグルコネート脱水素酵素遺伝子
座支配並びにエステラーゼＭ遺伝子座支配）を調べ、そ
の出現度数をハーディ・ワインベルグの法則に基づいて
解析し、両遺伝子座における異型接合超優勢（ヘテロシ
ス）現象並びに後者（エステラーゼＭ遺伝子座）におけ
るその最長（年令）相関現象を見出し、この両遺伝子座
支配の各酵素多型間に生存率（適応度）に差があること
を確認する。First method: Examine the enzyme polymorphisms of wild abalone (dominated by the phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene locus and dominated by the esterase M gene locus) by normal starch gel electrophoresis, and calculate the frequency of their occurrence using the Hardy-Weinberg method. Through analysis based on the law, we discovered the phenomenon of heterozygous superdominance (heterosis) at both loci and the longest (age) correlation phenomenon at the latter (esterase M locus), and determined the relationship between each enzyme polymorphism dominated by these two loci. Confirm that there is a difference in survival rate (fitness).
エゾアワビは卵から発生後３〜４年して親になった後も
成長を続け、更に数年生き永らえることは既に知られて
いる。貝殻断面に見られる年輪用の縞の数や最長などに
基づく推定によれば、稀に漁獲物中に１０才前後のもの
が見られるとも言われる。しかし、その野生集団の年令
構成などの動態については殆ど知られていない。発明者
は、アイソザイムと呼ばれる酵素型の研究を進めるうち
、寿命と密接に関連する生存度が、遺伝的体質によって
かなり相違することを見出した。ここにアイソザイムと
は酵素分子が持つ電化など構造上の差に基づく一種の遺
伝的体質である。それは、生化学の一手法によって示さ
れる電気泳動像上の移動速度（相対位置）の違いで型（
例えば１．１・２，２，２・３など）の識別が出来る。It is already known that Ezo abalone continues to grow even after it develops from an egg and becomes a parent three to four years later, and can survive for several more years. According to estimates based on the number and length of growth ring stripes found on the cross-sections of shells, it is said that on rare occasions, shellfish that are about 10 years old can be found in the catch. However, little is known about the age structure and other dynamics of the wild population. While conducting research on enzyme types called isozymes, the inventor discovered that survival, which is closely related to lifespan, varies considerably depending on genetic constitution. Here, isozyme is a type of genetic constitution based on structural differences such as electrical charge of enzyme molecules. It is a type (
For example, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, etc.) can be identified.
一般に、野生の集団では、これらの型（遺伝子型）の出
現頻度の間には一定の釣合い状態が見られ（バーディψ
ワインベルクの遺伝的平衡という。）、それらの型の決
定に与える遺伝子（上記の例では遺伝子１．２など）の
頻度に基づいて推定、予測を行なうことが出来る。エゾ
アワビの酵素フォスフォグルコネート脱水素酵素および
エステラーゼ（Ｍ遺伝子座）では、型の実測頻度がその
予測された値から偏りを見せ、その偏り方は型によって
異なり、しかもその偏りの程度は後者（エステラーゼＭ
遺伝子座）の場合最長（年令）と関連することが判明し
、この遺伝子座支配の多型間に生存率（適応度）の差が
あることを確認した。Generally, in wild populations, there is a certain balance between the frequencies of these types (genotypes) (birdie ψ
This is called Weinberg's genetic equilibrium. ), estimation and prediction can be made based on the frequency of genes (such as genes 1.2 in the above example) that determine their types. In the enzymes phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and esterase (M locus) of Ezo abalone, the observed frequency of the type shows a bias from the predicted value, and the degree of the bias differs depending on the type, and the degree of the bias is the latter ( Esterase M
It was found that the longest age (age) in the case of a genetic locus) is associated with the longest age (age), and it was confirmed that there is a difference in survival rate (fitness) between polymorphisms controlled by this genetic locus.
これによると例えばエステラーゼ（Ｍ遺伝子座）では、
２・２型の相対生存度は発生初期には全型平均を一ヒ廻
るが、最長（年令）の増加と共に低下するのに対して、
１・２型および２・３型の生存度は逆に発生初期は低い
が、その後高年令に至る迄、相対的に高い生存度を維持
することが判明した。（第１図、表１）
第二手段
第一手段により確認された生存率（適応度）に基づき、
放流又は養殖地域において特定された漁獲時の最長（年
令）において、最大生存度を持つ遺伝子型（両酵素の）
種苗のみを選択生産する。According to this, for example, in esterase (M locus),
The relative survival rate of type 2.2 is around the average for all types in the early stage of development, but it decreases with increasing age (age).
On the contrary, the survival rates of types 1 and 2 and types 2 and 3 are low in the early stages of development, but it has been found that they maintain a relatively high survival rate until they reach advanced age. (Figure 1, Table 1) Second means Based on the survival rate (fitness) confirmed by the first means,
Genotypes (for both enzymes) with maximum survival at the maximum age (age) at the time of catch identified in the stocking or aquaculture area.
Only seeds and seedlings are selectively produced.
例えば、岩手県三陸町産のエゾアワビの場合、漁獲規制
最長９ｃｍであるから、それ以トのものでの生存率は、
フォスフォグルコネート脱水素酵素（ＰＧＤＨ）４−７
型（表２）、エステラーゼ（ＥＳ−Ｍ）２−３型（表１
、第１図）において最も高いことを知る。これを利用し
て種苗を選択生産する。（表３、表４）
」−記第一手段から第二手段を行うことにより、当該放
流又は養殖地域でのアワビの生存率を高めるようにする
ことによってアワビ増養殖の生産を、増大させることが
出来る方法である。For example, in the case of Ezo abalone from Sanriku Town, Iwate Prefecture, the maximum fishing limit is 9 cm, so the survival rate for abalone longer than that is:
Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGDH) 4-7
type (Table 2), esterase (ES-M) type 2-3 (Table 1
, Fig. 1). This is used to selectively produce seedlings. (Table 3, Table 4) - Increasing the production of abalone aquaculture by increasing the survival rate of abalone in the stocking or aquaculture area by performing the first to second means. This is a method that allows you to
上記のように、岩手県三陸町のエゾアワビの場合には、
フォスフォグルコネート脱水素酵素遺伝子座では４φ４
型と７・７型の交配から生産される４・７型、エステラ
ーゼＭ遺伝子座では２・２型と３φ３型の交配から生産
される２・３型種苗のへテロシス（超優勢）現象を利用
することにより、生存度を著しく高めることが出来る。As mentioned above, in the case of Ezo abalone in Sanriku Town, Iwate Prefecture,
4φ4 at the phosphogluconate dehydrogenase locus
The esterase M gene locus utilizes the heterosis (super-dominant) phenomenon of type 2/3 seedlings produced from crossing type 2/2 and type 3φ3 at the esterase M locus. By doing so, survival can be significantly increased.
「実施例」
第１実施例
エステラーゼ遺伝子型１・２型を含むＦ１生産の為行っ
た選択交配試験の結果は表３の通りである。``Example'' 1st Example The results of a selective breeding test conducted to produce F1 containing esterase genotypes 1 and 2 are shown in Table 3.
表３：エゾアワビ支配Ｆ＋（次世代）におけるエステラ
ーゼ（Ｍ遺伝子座）１番２型の超優勢（ヘテロシス）異
型接合１・２型の生存度が同型接合型（１・１および２
・２）より有意に高かった。Table 3: Survival of heterozygous types 1 and 2 of esterase (M locus) types 1 and 2 in Ezo abalone dominant F+ (next generation)
・It was significantly higher than 2).
第２実施例
エステラーゼ遺伝子型２・３型を含むＦ＋生産の為行っ
た選択支配試験の結果は表４の通りである。Second Example Table 4 shows the results of a selection control test conducted for F+ production containing esterase genotypes 2 and 3.
表４：エゾアワビ交配Ｆ＋（次世代）におけるエステラ
ーゼ（Ｍ遺伝子座）２φ３型の超優勢（ヘテロシス）。Table 4: Superdominance (heterosis) of esterase (M locus) 2φ3 type in Ezo abalone cross F+ (next generation).
異型接合２−３型の生存度が、他の型（異型接合１・２
．１・３型および同型接合２・２型）より有意に高かっ
た。The survival rate of heterozygous type 2-3 is higher than that of other types (heterozygous type 1 and 2).
．． It was significantly higher than type 1/3 and homozygous type 2/2).
「効 果」
本発明は同一地域内で酵素冬型（エステラーゼＭ遺伝子
座支配）間の生存度（適応度）に顕著な相違のあること
を確認し、所定の放流又は養殖地域の単位面積当りの生
産量を予測して目標となし、当該地域において最も生産
量の高くなるよう酵素多望種苗の量と種類とを選択する
ようにしたので、種苗放流後の生存率を遺伝学的立場か
ら可及的に向上し、その結果エゾアワビの生産量を増大
させることが出来る。"Effect" The present invention has confirmed that there is a significant difference in survival (fitness) between enzyme winter types (dominated by the esterase M locus) within the same area, and has confirmed that there is a significant difference in survival (fitness) between enzyme winter types (dominated by the esterase M locus). By predicting the production amount and setting a target, we selected the amount and type of enzyme-rich seedlings to achieve the highest production in the area, so the survival rate after seedling release can be determined from a genetic standpoint. As a result, the production amount of Ezo abalone can be increased.
このように、生産率向上を主要目標とする「集団選択」
において遺伝学的技術を導入することは従来なかったの
で、本発明による増産効果は、従来の疎放的管理化で行
われる増殖漁場における生存度向上とそれに伴う飼料（
海藻類など）の利用効率向上の効果として画期的なもの
である。In this way, "group selection" whose main goal is to improve production rates
Since genetic technology has not been introduced in the past, the production increase effect of the present invention is due to improved survival in the breeding fishing ground where conventional open management is carried out, and the associated feed (
This is an epoch-making effect in improving the utilization efficiency of seaweed, etc.).
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図はエゾアヮビ集団における膜長とエステラーゼＭ
遺伝子頻度との関係を示す説明図ある。[Brief explanation of the drawings] Figure 1 shows the membrane length and esterase M in the Ezo abalone population.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship with gene frequency.
Claims (2)
て、野生のアワビの酵素多型（フオスフオグルコネート
脱水素酵素遺伝子座支配並びにエステラーゼＭ遺伝子座
支配）を調べ、その出現度数をハーディ・ワインベルグ
の法則に基づいて解析し、両遺伝子座における異型接合
超優勢（へテロシス）現象並びに後者（エステラーゼＭ
遺伝子座）におけるその殻長（年令）相関関係現象を見
出し、この両遺伝子座支配の各酵素多型間に生存率（適
応度）に差があることを確認する。 第二手段 第一手段により確認された高い生存率（適応
度）を持つ次世代だけを生産の為、交配用親（雌および
雄）アワビ個体を選択する。 第三手段 第二手段で選択された親から得た卵に精子を
通常の方法で媒精する。 以上、第一手段から第三手段まで行うことにより、漁獲
（収穫）時における生存率を最大にさせるようにしたこ
とを特徴とするアワビ種苗の生産法。(1) First method: Examine the enzyme polymorphisms of wild abalone (dominated by the phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene locus and dominated by the esterase M gene locus) by normal starch gel electrophoresis, and calculate the frequency of their occurrence using the Hardy-Wine method. Analysis was performed based on Berg's law, and the phenomenon of heterozygous superdominance (heterosis) at both loci and the latter (esterase M
We discovered a correlation phenomenon between shell length (age) at the two loci (genetic loci) and confirmed that there is a difference in survival rate (fitness) between the enzyme polymorphisms controlled by these two loci. Second method Select parent (female and male) abalone individuals for breeding in order to produce only the next generation with high survival rate (fitness) confirmed by the first method. Third method: Eggs obtained from the parents selected in the second method are inseminated with sperm in a normal manner. A method for producing abalone seedlings is characterized in that the survival rate at the time of fishing (harvesting) is maximized by carrying out the first to third methods described above.
得たアワビ個体を育成する手法により、二遺伝子座（フ
オスフオグルコネート脱水素酵素およびエステラーゼＭ
支配）における異型接合化の相乗効果の利用を特徴とす
る特許請求の範囲第一項記載のアワビの高生存度種苗の
生産法。(2) By the method of breeding abalone individuals obtained by selectively controlling from the first method to the third method, two gene loci (phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and esterase M
1. A method for producing high-viability abalone seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by utilizing the synergistic effect of heterozygosity in (dominance).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61102628A JPS62259526A (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | Production increase in breeding of awabi |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61102628A JPS62259526A (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | Production increase in breeding of awabi |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62259526A true JPS62259526A (en) | 1987-11-11 |
Family
ID=14332501
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61102628A Pending JPS62259526A (en) | 1986-05-02 | 1986-05-02 | Production increase in breeding of awabi |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62259526A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006504417A (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2006-02-09 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Ezo abalone production method characterized by its orange shell color |
-
1986
- 1986-05-02 JP JP61102628A patent/JPS62259526A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006504417A (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2006-02-09 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Ezo abalone production method characterized by its orange shell color |
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