JPS6224048B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] When growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc. in a greenhouse,
It is often attacked by pests and diseases. Because greenhouses are isolated from the outside air, the indoor humidity often becomes abnormally high, which creates favorable conditions for the breeding of disease bacteria and pests. In addition, since it is sealed, airborne spores of disease bacteria, pests, etc. are not dispersed, and therefore there are many opportunities for reproduction.

To prevent these pests, it is sometimes necessary to spray pesticides, but there are concerns that spraying pesticides inside greenhouses may have a negative impact on the health of workers. In addition, products are sometimes harvested and sold with pesticides still attached to them, which can have a negative impact on the health of consumers.

This invention draws air from the greenhouse, cools and dehumidifies it through an air cooler on the evaporator side of a heat pump, disinfects the cold air with a humidity of nearly 100% using a disinfectant water shower, and then heats the air on the condenser side of the heat pump. Pass it through the container to warm it up and then return it to the greenhouse. That is, the air in the greenhouse is circulated through a dehumidifying device and a disinfecting device,
By minimizing floating spores and other pests and diseases in the greenhouse space, the greenhouse can be disinfected without human intervention.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples as follows.

The attached figure is a flow diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 indicates a greenhouse, and the air in the greenhouse 1 is circulated by a blower 2 as shown by an arrow 3. 4 is a refrigerant compressor, 5 is an expansion valve, 6 is an evaporator with a fine coil, and 7 is a condenser with a fine coil, and these four complete the refrigerant cycle of the heat pump. The refrigerant circulates as shown by arrow 8.
9 is an air sterilizer. Disinfecting water 10 accumulated at the bottom is pumped up by a pump 11 and dropped in the form of mist from the shower device 12 at the top, so that it comes into sufficient contact with the air passing through the air sterilizer 9, so that the disinfectant water falls to the bottom. It seems to accumulate at the bottom again. Here, the spores of disease bacteria, pests, etc. floating in the air are captured by the atomized disinfectant water and killed. 13 is an eliminator. Since a portion of the mist disinfecting water is carried along with the air flow and exits, the eliminator 13 separates the air from the disinfecting water, and the water is collected and returned through piping as shown by the arrow 14. 15 is an air/water heat exchanger, and 16 is a water tank. When the temperature of the air coming out of the condenser 7 is too high, the water in the water tank 16 is pumped up by a pump 17, the air is cooled through a heat exchanger 15, and then returned to the water tank 16. The water temperature in the water tank 16 gradually rises, and therefore heat is stored. On the other hand, condenser 7
When the temperature of the air coming through is too low, the water tank 16
The water is circulated by the pump 17, and the air is heated by the heat exchanger 15. Reference numeral 18 denotes a control valve, which adjusts the amount of circulating water to adjust the degree of cooling and heating of the air.

Based on the apparatus of this embodiment, an explanation will be given as follows, including an example of specific numerical values.

Temperature of the air inside greenhouse 1 at noon on a clear day in winter
Assuming operation at 23°C and 80% humidity.
The air drawn out from greenhouse 1 according to arrow 3 has the same temperature as inside greenhouse 1, 23°C and 80% humidity. Evaporator 6
It consists of a finned tube and directly cools the air by evaporating the refrigerant. When the air passes through the evaporator 6 in accordance with the arrow 3, it is cooled, and moisture condenses on the fins to dehumidify the air. The water produced by the dehumidification flows and falls onto the lower tray 19, where it is collected and discharged to the outside through a pipe 20. By appropriately designing the evaporator 6, the air that comes in at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 80% can be cooled and dehumidified to a temperature of around 15°C and a humidity of nearly 100%. This air is an air sterilizer 9
to go into. As mentioned earlier, in the air sterilizer 9, the mist of sterilizing water comes into sufficient contact with the air, so that spores, pathogens, pests, etc. floating in the air are captured and sterilized. The air entering the air sterilizer 9 is humid
Since it is close to 100%, there is almost no evaporation of water in this area. However, since the disinfectant water is in the form of a mist, some of it is carried to the exit by air currents. So the next eliminator 13 (gas-liquid separator)
The water droplets are collected at , and the collected water is returned to the source as shown by the arrow 14 through piping. The air that exits the eliminator 13 and enters the condenser 7 has a temperature of around 15°C and humidity.
It is 100%. The condenser 7 is composed of a finned tube and is of a type that directly heats air by condensing a refrigerant. The amount of heat given to the air by condenser 7 is 23
℃, enthalpy of air with humidity 80% and temperature 15℃,
It is equal to the sum of the heat amount obtained by multiplying the difference between the enthalpy of air with 100% humidity and the air flow rate, and the output energy of the compressor 4. Therefore, the temperature in the condenser 7 rises significantly to around 35°C. A heat exchanger 15 is arranged next to the condenser 7. Water in tank 16 is pumped 1
7 circulates through the heat exchanger 15 and removes sensible heat from the air.
The temperature of the air is 23℃ and the humidity is 60%. This air is sent into the greenhouse 1 through the blower 2. Greenhouse 1
Inside, some of the solar heat (approximately 60%) becomes sensible heat and warms the air, but on the other hand, because the temperature of the outside air is low, the roof
There is heat loss from the exterior walls. Sensible heat input and heat loss are roughly balanced, and the temperature of the air being sent is 23
The temperature inside greenhouse 1 is maintained at 23°C without changing its temperature. The remainder of the solar heat that entered greenhouse 1 (approximately 40%)
is the latent heat that evaporates water from the plant leaves and soil surface. Therefore, moisture evaporates rapidly within the greenhouse 1. The air sent into the greenhouse 1 through the blower 2 has a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 60%, and since the sensible heat input and output are balanced within the greenhouse 1, the temperature remains at 23°C. Humidity increases from 60% to 80% due to evaporation of water. In this way, the temperature inside greenhouse 1 is maintained at 23°C and humidity at 80%.

The air inside the greenhouse 1 is circulated as shown by arrow 3, dehumidified and disinfected during the circulation, and returned to the greenhouse 1. If you operate this device continuously during the day when it receives solar heat, the greenhouse will be heated up to 1
is dehumidified and disinfected, and excess heat is stored in the water tank 16. When the temperature of the greenhouse 1 falls at night and heating becomes necessary, when the blower 2 and pump 17 are operated, the heat exchanger 15 becomes an air heater, and the amount of heat stored during the day can be used for nighttime heating. can.

In cloudy or rainy weather with little daytime sunlight, the greenhouse must be heated to the required temperature by other energy sources (eg oil heating). In that case, it is sufficient to stop the pump 17, that is, to operate other devices without operating the heat exchanger 15. Since there is no excess heat, it cannot be stored, but only dehumidifies and disinfects.

In this embodiment, the air cooler 6 has been described as one that directly cools by evaporating the refrigerant, and the air heater 7 is one that directly heats by condensing the refrigerant, but it is also possible to use indirect cooling or indirect heating as described below. do not have. That is, by evaporating the refrigerant, cold water is produced through a refrigerant/water heat exchanger, and the cold water is circulated by a pump through an air cooler to cool and dehumidify the air, and by condensing the refrigerant, hot water is produced through the refrigerant/water heat exchanger. The hot water is circulated by a pump through an air heater to heat the air. In this case, the heat exchanger 15 is omitted. and aquarium 16
The water is passed through the water side of the refrigerant condenser by a pump 17, and then returned to the water tank 16 after being passed through a water/air heat exchanger to warm the air. When the amount of heat from condensing the refrigerant is larger than the amount of heat from heating the air, the water temperature in the water tank 16 gradually rises and heat can be stored. When heating at night, the same water tank 1
6 can be circulated through the water/air heat exchanger using the pump 17.

In the explanation so far, only the case of disinfection during the daytime has been explained, but if necessary, the disinfection operation can be continued during nighttime heating or when there is no heating in the same way as in the daytime.

For disinfecting water, an appropriate pesticide may be selected depending on the type of crops, disease bacteria, pests, etc. in the greenhouse 1. An extremely dilute solution of pesticides is sufficient, and the consumption of pesticides is extremely low. The amount of air circulation may be appropriately selected so that all the air in the greenhouse 1 circulates once in 5 to 15 minutes. Since pesticides are not applied directly to the crops in greenhouse 1, pesticides do not reach the crops. Moreover, since the air inside the greenhouse 1 is sufficiently disinfected, the crops are free from pests and diseases.

By dehumidifying and disinfecting the air in the greenhouse 1 using the method of the present invention in this manner, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases on crops. In other words, disinfection can be performed automatically without human intervention, and there is no fear of harm to the health of workers. What's more, there are no pesticides on the harvest,
The consumption of pesticides can be extremely reduced,
This will bring great benefits to the industry.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams for explaining embodiments of the present invention. 1... Greenhouse, 2... Blower, 4... Compressor, 5... Expansion valve, 6... Evaporator (air cooler), 7... Condenser (air heater), 9... Air sterilizer, 10... Disinfecting water,
11...Pump, 12...Shower device, 13...Eliminator, 15...Water/air heat exchanger, 16...Water tank, 17...Pump, 18...Valve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Air is drawn from the greenhouse and cooled and dehumidified through the air cooler on the evaporator side of the heat pump until the humidity reaches 100%.
Disinfect the nearby cold air with a disinfectant water shower,
A greenhouse disinfection method characterized by heating the air through a heat pump condenser side air heater and then returning it to the greenhouse.