JPS62222258A - Laminate type electrophotographic sensitive body - Google Patents
Laminate type electrophotographic sensitive bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62222258A JPS62222258A JP6533986A JP6533986A JPS62222258A JP S62222258 A JPS62222258 A JP S62222258A JP 6533986 A JP6533986 A JP 6533986A JP 6533986 A JP6533986 A JP 6533986A JP S62222258 A JPS62222258 A JP S62222258A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- polypyrrole
- pyrrole
- layer
- polypyrrole film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- -1 tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001914 chlorine tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- BDVZHDCXCXJPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[In+3] BDVZHDCXCXJPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 21
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010034960 Photophobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000013469 light sensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/07—Polymeric photoconductive materials
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の属する技術分野〕
本発明は電荷発生層としてポリピロール膜あるいはピロ
ール誘導体重合膜を適用した積層型電子写真感光体に関
する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a polypyrrole film or a pyrrole derivative polymer film is applied as a charge generation layer.
従来、積層型の電子写真感光体において、電荷発生層は
有機系顔料やセレ/及びその合金を材料として作成して
いた。電荷発生層の作成方法は有機顔料やセレンを蒸着
して薄膜を形成する方法、または有機顔料を溶媒中に分
散したり、結着剤としての高分子とともに溶媒中に分散
して塗布するという方法がとられていた。Conventionally, in a laminated type electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charge generation layer has been made of organic pigments, ceres, and alloys thereof. The charge generation layer can be created by depositing an organic pigment or selenium to form a thin film, or by dispersing the organic pigment in a solvent, or by dispersing it in a solvent together with a polymer as a binder. was taken.
しかし、蒸着や塗布による方法では、
■ 大面積化した際に膜厚を均−忙保つのがむずかしく
参上りが悪い。However, with vapor deposition or coating methods, it is difficult to maintain a uniform film thickness when increasing the area, and the success rate is slow.
■ 電荷発生層は通常0.5μm以下の膜厚のものが用
いられるが、薄膜化した際の均一性を保つのが難しい。(2) A charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm or less is usually used, but it is difficult to maintain uniformity when the layer is made thin.
また、膜形成に時間を要するため大量生産した際の効率
が悪いなどの問題点がある。In addition, since it takes time to form a film, there are problems such as poor efficiency when mass-produced.
本発明は、大面積化【よる膜厚のムラがなく均一な薄膜
形成が容易であって、かつ電荷発生層としても充分有効
な可視光感度を有する電子写真感光体を提供することを
目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that is easy to form a uniform thin film without unevenness in film thickness due to a large area, and has visible light sensitivity that is sufficiently effective as a charge generation layer. do.
本発明の積層型電子写X感光体は電荷発生層として、ア
ニオンをドーピングしたボリビa−ルまたはピロール誘
導体のポリマー(以下ポリピロール誘導体と称する)を
薄膜形成したものを周込、さらにこの上に有機電荷輸送
層を積層すること洗より、上記目的を達成しようとする
ものである。The laminated electrophotographic X photoreceptor of the present invention includes a thin film formed of an anion-doped polypyrrole or pyrrole derivative polymer (hereinafter referred to as polypyrrole derivative) as a charge generation layer, and further has an organic The above object is attempted to be achieved by laminating charge transport layers.
従来、ピロールやビロール誘導体のポリマーは、電解重
合法や気相からの化学的重合法によって薄膜を形成する
ことができ、また、アニオンを導入することにより、導
電率を上げられることが知られていたが、この薄膜を積
1−型電子写真感光体の電荷発生層として用いる試みは
なされていなかった。本発明は、前述のアニオンをドー
ピングされた薄膜を、感光体の電荷輸送層に適用するこ
とが特性的にも、経済性からも、優れていることを見つ
けたことに基づく。Conventionally, it has been known that polymers of pyrrole and virol derivatives can be formed into thin films by electrolytic polymerization or chemical polymerization from the gas phase, and that conductivity can be increased by introducing anions. However, no attempt has been made to use this thin film as a charge generation layer of a multilayer 1-type electrophotographic photoreceptor. The present invention is based on the discovery that applying the above-mentioned anion-doped thin film to the charge transport layer of a photoreceptor is superior both in terms of characteristics and economy.
本発明では、第1図に示すように、導電性支持体上にポ
リピロールまたはポリピロール誘導体膜を電解重合法あ
るいは気相重合法によって形成させ、さらに、アニオン
をドーピングして電荷発生層2を形成した後、この上に
電荷輸送層を形成して電子写真用感光体を作成する。ポ
リピロールは可視光領域全体に幅広い吸収帯を持つため
、可視光でキャリヤを発生すると考えられる。また高い
導電性を持つことから、生成したキャリヤが外部電場に
より速やかに電荷輸送層へ注入される特徴を持つ。In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a polypyrrole or polypyrrole derivative film is formed on a conductive support by an electrolytic polymerization method or a gas phase polymerization method, and an anion is further doped to form a charge generation layer 2. Thereafter, a charge transport layer is formed thereon to produce an electrophotographic photoreceptor. Since polypyrrole has a broad absorption band throughout the visible light region, it is thought that it generates carriers in visible light. Furthermore, since it has high conductivity, generated carriers are quickly injected into the charge transport layer by an external electric field.
本発明でのポリピロールまだはポリピロール誘導体の薄
膜をその上に形成する導電性支持体とし7ては、Ind
ium Tin 0xide (以下ITOと略す)、
Au等を用いることができる。ピロールまたはビロール
誘導体の重合法としては、気相重合法、電解重合法(サ
イクリックボルタメトリー法、定r’A ft 或解法
、定醒流′f哩解法)等のいずれの方法でも行なうこと
ができる。ドーピングするアニオンd、CIO,、BF
4. PF、 、 CI 等を用いる。′眠解重介の
際の溶媒としては、支持1解質及びビロールを十分に溶
解させるもので、かつ重合時、べ気外解しないものであ
ればよく、アセトニトリル、水やTを用いることができ
る。ポリピロール膜の屯解重合後は十分に溶媒を除去し
た後、[理荷輸送ノーを形成する。電荷輸送層としては
、PvK(ポリビニルカルバゾール)などの公知の有機
化合物を用いればよい。以下実施例によって本発明の詳
細な説明する。以下の実施例ではポリピロールの形成法
として’を解重合法についてのみ記述しであるが、薄膜
形成法としては、電解重合法に限定されず、気相からの
化学重合法を用いることが可能であることは明らかであ
る。In the present invention, the conductive support 7 on which a thin film of polypyrrole or polypyrrole derivative is formed is Ind.
ium Tin Oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as ITO),
Au etc. can be used. As the polymerization method for pyrrole or virol derivatives, any of the gas phase polymerization method, electrolytic polymerization method (cyclic voltammetry method, constant r'A ft method, constant flow method), etc. can be used. can. Doping anion d, CIO,, BF
4. Use PF, , CI, etc. The solvent used in the depolymerization may be one that sufficiently dissolves the support 1 solute and virol and does not decompose in the air during polymerization, and acetonitrile, water, or T can be used. After the polypyrrole film is depolymerized, the solvent is sufficiently removed, and then a material transport layer is formed. As the charge transport layer, a known organic compound such as PvK (polyvinylcarbazole) may be used. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Examples. In the examples below, only the depolymerization method will be described as the method for forming polypyrrole, but the method for forming a thin film is not limited to electrolytic polymerization, and chemical polymerization from a gas phase can also be used. It is clear that there is.
実施a11
電荷発生層としてポリピロールをITOガラス上に、以
下の方法でTπ合させた9、ピロール0.01 M。Example a11 9, pyrrole 0.01 M was prepared by combining polypyrrole with Tπ on ITO glass as a charge generation layer by the following method.
テトラエチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート(T
FEABF4) 0.01 Mのアセトニトリル溶液に
1室温でN2ガスを十分パージしたITOガラスを作用
極とし、白金極を対極に、Ag / AgC1電(舅を
多照宝玉とした。作用極から対極に、0 、25 mA
/ eraの電流′壱変でビロールを定′、IL流法
で電解酸化重合した。Tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (T
FEABF4) ITO glass sufficiently purged with N2 gas in 0.01 M acetonitrile solution at room temperature was used as a working electrode, a platinum electrode was used as a counter electrode, and an Ag/AgC1 electrode was used as a polygon. ,0,25 mA
Virol was electrolytically oxidized and polymerized by the IL flow method at a constant current of /era.
重合1寺間は2.5分、5分、 7.5 汁、 1ot
A−とじた。Polymerization 1 Terama 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes, 7.5 juice, 1 ot
A- Closed.
r ’roガラス上には、ポリピロール膜が形成され、
重合終了後はITOガラスとともに膜を重合液からとり
出し、アセトニトリルでリンスしてかう膜ヲ1 、+栗
させて得られたjlの膜厚を測定した。A polypyrrole film is formed on the r'ro glass,
After the polymerization was completed, the membrane was taken out from the polymerization solution together with the ITO glass, rinsed with acetonitrile, and the thickness of the resulting membrane was measured.
膜厚と1電今時間の関係を示す〉12図に示すように、
膜厚は重合時間に比例しており0.5μm以下であった
。また5分間重合した膜について、膜厚のバラツキを調
べたところ、1枚の膜の中では、約±10%以下のバラ
ツキしか認められなかった。またこの膜の導電率は4探
針法で測定したと°ころ23.75−mであった。さら
に、この膜の上に、P”vK(ポリビニルカルバゾール
)8%のモノクロルベンゼン溶液をスピナーで8μmの
膜厚になるようコーティングし、電荷輸送層としだ。こ
のようにして得た試料に、
コロナ帯電ニー6kV
暗放電:5秒
露光強度 20 mW / ctl (白色光)の条件
で電子写真特性を調べた。この試料にコロナ帯電した時
の受容電位V、露光直前の減衰速度をvd 、露光開始
時の減衰速度をVlとし、表1に示すような直を得た。As shown in Figure 12, which shows the relationship between film thickness and one electric current time,
The film thickness was proportional to the polymerization time and was 0.5 μm or less. Further, when the film polymerized for 5 minutes was examined for variation in film thickness, only a variation of about ±10% or less was observed within one film. The electrical conductivity of this film was 23.75 m as measured by the four-probe method. Furthermore, a monochlorobenzene solution containing 8% P''vK (polyvinylcarbazole) was coated on top of this film using a spinner to a thickness of 8 μm to form a charge transport layer. The electrophotographic characteristics were investigated under the conditions of charging knee 6 kV dark discharge: 5 seconds exposure intensity 20 mW/ctl (white light).The acceptance potential V when this sample was corona charged, the decay rate immediately before exposure was Vd, and the start of exposure was The attenuation speed at the time of the test was taken as Vl, and the values shown in Table 1 were obtained.
比較例
比較のためにITOガラス上に、PV′Kを実施例と同
様にコーティングし九後、実施例と同様の測定を行なっ
た。表1から実施例1の結果と比較例の結果を較べると
可視光において、実m例1の感光体は光減衰を示し電荷
発生層としての性能をもち感光体として有効でちること
が理解される。Comparative Example For comparison, PV'K was coated on ITO glass in the same manner as in the example, and then measurements were carried out in the same manner as in the example. Comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example from Table 1, it can be seen that the photoreceptor of Example 1 exhibits light attenuation in visible light, has performance as a charge generation layer, and is effective as a photoreceptor. Ru.
実な&例2
ITOガラス上に実施例1と同様の方法でピロールを電
解重合し、これをさらに、0.01 M 、 TEAB
F4/アセトニトリル中で0.25 mA /−の定電
流電解によシ、5分tb”>アニオンをドーピングした
。p −アミノベンズアルデヒド−ジフェニルヒドラゾ
ン(ABPH) 40部、10%ポリメチルメタクルレ
ート(PMMA) ) ルエン溶液400部、テトラヒ
ドロフラン(THF) 40部を混合し、ポリピロール
膜上にスピナーで、膜412μmになるように塗布した
。これを実施例1と同様の方法で、電子写真特性を調べ
九七ころ表1に示すような結果を得た。Example 2 Pyrrole was electrolytically polymerized on ITO glass in the same manner as in Example 1, and then 0.01 M, TEAB
Anion doping was carried out by constant current electrolysis at 0.25 mA/- in F4/acetonitrile for 5 min. PMMA)) 400 parts of a luene solution and 40 parts of tetrahydrofuran (THF) were mixed and applied onto a polypyrrole film using a spinner to a film thickness of 412 μm.The electrophotographic properties of this were examined in the same manner as in Example 1. Around 1997, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
実施例3
A1基板上に、金(Au)を1O−5Torrで3分間
真空蒸着した基板上に、実施例1と同様の方法でビロー
ルを11合した。さらにこの上に、実施例1と同様にP
VKを塗布してIl&光体を製作した。Example 3 On an A1 substrate, gold (Au) was vacuum-deposited at 10-5 Torr for 3 minutes, and 11 pieces of virol were added in the same manner as in Example 1. Furthermore, as in Example 1, P
Il and light body were fabricated by applying VK.
以上の実、#例2,3の感光体についても表1に示すよ
うに比故例に較べて光減衰を示し、感光体として有効な
感度を有していることが理解される。From the above, it can be seen that the photoreceptors of #Examples 2 and 3 also exhibit light attenuation compared to the comparative example as shown in Table 1, and have effective sensitivity as photoreceptors.
表 1
〔発明の効果〕
本発明は積層型電子写真感光体の電荷活生層として、ア
ニオンをドープしたポリピロ一ル膜−またはポリピロー
ル誘導体膜を用いることにより、電荷発生層ケ容易に短
時間に、均一な#膜として形成でき、かつ、これを適用
した感光体は可視光で光減衰を示し、可視光での感度に
おいても有効である。Table 1 [Effects of the Invention] The present invention uses an anion-doped polypyrrole film or a polypyrrole derivative film as the charge active layer of a laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor, so that the charge generation layer can be easily formed in a short time. It can be formed as a uniform # film, and a photoreceptor to which this is applied exhibits optical attenuation in visible light, and is also effective in terms of sensitivity in visible light.
第1図は本発明の積層型電子写真感光体の1所し■図、
第2図は本発明の感光体の電荷発生層の形成に関する重
合時間とポリピロール膜の膜厚の関係を示す線図である
。
■・・導電性支持体、2・・・電荷発生層、3・・・電
荷輸送層。
第 1 図Figure 1 shows one part of the laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the polymerization time and the film thickness of the polypyrrole film regarding the formation of the charge generation layer of the photoreceptor of the present invention. (2) Conductive support, 2... Charge generation layer, 3... Charge transport layer. Figure 1
Claims (1)
ール誘導体の重合膜を電荷発生層とし、さらにこの上に
有機電荷輸送層を積層することを特徴とする積層型電子
写真感光体。1. A laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an anion-doped polypyrrole film or a polymeric film of a pyrrole derivative as a charge generation layer, and an organic charge transport layer further laminated thereon.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6533986A JPS62222258A (en) | 1986-03-24 | 1986-03-24 | Laminate type electrophotographic sensitive body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6533986A JPS62222258A (en) | 1986-03-24 | 1986-03-24 | Laminate type electrophotographic sensitive body |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS62222258A true JPS62222258A (en) | 1987-09-30 |
Family
ID=13284084
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6533986A Pending JPS62222258A (en) | 1986-03-24 | 1986-03-24 | Laminate type electrophotographic sensitive body |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS62222258A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6361259A (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-17 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
-
1986
- 1986-03-24 JP JP6533986A patent/JPS62222258A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6361259A (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-17 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
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