JPS62195419A - Variable capacity supercharger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a turbine capacity corresponding to engine speed in all the ranges of operation of an engine by providing a linkage for moving each of streamlining plates simultaneously while regulating the relationship among respective streamlining plates. CONSTITUTION:Each of streamlining plates 2-5 is set in a state shown by a continuous line, a gas flow passage section area is minimized, and a turbine capacity is minimized in the time of the minimum engine speed. Each of stream line plates 2-5 is set in a state shown by a dotted line, a gas flow section area is maximized, and the turbine capacity is maximized in the time of the maximum engine speed. Linkage 14 is received in a linkage chamber 27 formed of an individual chamber separated from an operating fluid passage with a partition wall 10.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a variable displacement supercharger, and more specifically, it is installed in a diesel engine or a gasoline engine, and the exhaust gas of the engine is introduced into a turbine wheel. It is used as an exhaust turbine supercharger to improve engine output and reduce fuel costs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Typical methods for changing the capacity of the turbine in a conventional exhaust turbine supercharger are: first, a turbine with a waste gate valve; second, a turbine with a butterfly valve; and third, a movable nozzle vane turbine. Are known. That is, the first mentioned turbine with a wastegate valve is a system in which excess exhaust gas is released from the wastegate valve to prevent the engine from overspeeding in the medium speed range and low speed range. The second turbine with a butterfly valve uses a large-capacity supercharger that is compatible with the operation of the engine in the medium and high speed ranges, and in the low speed range, one of the two log gas inlets is closed to reduce the This is a method to reduce the capacity to less than that. The third type of movable nozzle vane turbine is a system in which the turbine nozzle is made movable by a link mechanism to change the capacity.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention As mentioned above, in the first mentioned turbine with a wastegate valve, excess exhaust gas is released from the wastegate valve at high speeds, so the energy of the released exhaust gas is wasted. There is a problem that efficiency decreases. In addition, in the second type of turbine with a butterfly valve, one of the gas inlets is closed to reduce the capacity, but the efficiency also decreases, so there is a problem that the expected effect cannot be obtained. Furthermore, in the movable nozzle vane type turbine listed in No. 6, the link mechanism that operates the vane nozzle and its connecting shaft are located in high-temperature gas, so it is necessary to ensure clearance between the movable parts. However, there is a problem in that gas leaks from the gap, reducing efficiency. This is noticeable when the engine is operating at low speeds, ie, when the flow rate is small. The present invention attempts to solve these problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a variable displacement supercharger that can effectively utilize exhaust gas energy from an engine, improve efficiency, and reduce fuel costs. It is.

Means for solving the problem The scroll portion of the turbine casing is divided into an outer wall and an inner wall, the outer wall retains the pressure of the working fluid, and the inner wall is composed of a rectifying plate divided into several parts, and , which was movable to change the turbine capacity and formed a scroll as a whole. In addition, the movement of the rectifying plates is related by a link mechanism so that the relative relationship is always regulated.
One of the links is taken out to the outside by a rotating shaft and controlled from the outside by an actuator.Moreover, the link mechanism is housed in a separate room separated by a partition wall so as not to interfere with the working fluid, and a rectifier plate The number of connections between the main body and the link mechanism was kept to the minimum necessary, and slots were drilled in the bulkhead to allow the connecting rods to pass through them.

That is, the configuration of the present invention includes an outer wall that maintains the working fluid pressure of the turbine casing, and a plurality of outer walls that are movably provided in the working fluid flow path inside the outer wall so as to change the turbine capacity. and an inner wall composed of rectifying plates that are divided into two and forming a turbine scroll as a whole for the flow of the working fluid, and a relative wall of each of the rectifying plates so as to change the cross-sectional area of the flow path of the working fluid. a link mechanism that moves the respective rectifying plates simultaneously while regulating the relationship; and a link mechanism chamber that is separated from the flow path of the working fluid by a partition wall and houses the link mechanism; a connecting rod that passes through a slot provided in the partition wall and connects the current plate and the link mechanism; and a connecting rod that is attached to any one of the links of the link mechanism and is taken out from the outside. It is characterized by having a rotating shaft controlled by an actuator.

It is desirable that when the engine is running at low speed, the turbine capacity of the supercharger is small, and when the engine is running at high speed, the turbine capacity of the supercharger is large, and that the two are approximately proportional. therefore,
The inner wall forming the turbine scroll consists of a movable rectifying plate divided into several parts, and the movement of the rectifying plate is
In order to smoothly change the turbine capacity, everything is connected by a link mechanism so that the relative relationship is always regulated, so depending on the engine speed, the link mechanism can be moved in a direction that makes each baffle plate meet the above requirements. Operate and move all at once. In addition, in order to operate this link mechanism, one of the links in the link mechanism is taken out to the outside by a rotating shaft and controlled from the outside by an actuator, so this actuator is used to supply air to the engine. It operates by sensing the pressure of the air discharged by the blower of the supercharger.

Embodiment FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention, and a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS.
The figure also shows the second embodiment.

In FIG. 1, 1 is an outer wall of a turbine casing, 2 is an arc-shaped first current plate, 3 is a second current plate, 4 is a third current plate, and 5 is a fourth current plate. That is, outer wall 1
serves as a turbine casing that maintains the working fluid pressure in the turbine casing. Further, each of the rectifying plates 2, 5, 4.
Reference numeral 5 is an inner wall that is movably provided in a working fluid flow path inside the outer wall 1 so as to change the turbine capacity, and forms a turbine scroll as a whole. 6 is a first pivot pin fixed to the outer wall 1 and supports one end of the first rectifying plate 2; 7 is a fourth pivot pin fixed to the outer wall 1;
A second pivot pin supports one end of the rectifying plate 5; 8 is a first pivot pin connecting the first rectifying plate 2 and the second rectifying plate 5; 9 is a pivot pin connecting the third rectifying plate 4 and the fourth rectifying plate 5; This is a second pivot bin connecting the current plate 5.

Further, reference numeral 10 shown in FIG. 3 denotes a partition wall 1 which is fixed to the outer wall 1 and forms a scroll chamber 26 between it and the outer wall 1.
Reference numeral 1 designates a cover fixed to the partition wall 10 to form a link mechanism chamber 27 between the cover and the partition wall 10, and 12 a turbine blade wheel.

Further, 13 shown in FIG. 1 is a gas inlet flange of the turbine, and 14 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a first link that regulates the movement of the third baffle plate 4. The reference numeral 15 shown in FIG. The reference numeral 17 shown in FIG. 2 is a rotating shaft connecting the first link 14 and the lever 16, 18 shown in FIG. 2 is a second link that restricts the movement of the second link 3, and 19 is the second link 18.
The axis supporting the rotational movement of the
0 is a second connecting rod that connects the second current plate 3 and the second link 18, and 21 shown in FIG. 1 is the outer wall 1 and the partition wall 1.
0 and the cover 11, 22 is a bolt hole for connecting the outer wall 1, the partition wall 10, and the cover 11, and 23 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 is the first connecting rod 15.
24 is an arc-shaped first slot through which the connecting rod 20 passes through the partition wall 10; 24 shown in FIG. 1 is an arc-shaped second slot through which the second connecting rod 20 passes through the partition wall 10; 25 is a third link connecting the first link 14 and the second link 18;
It's a link.

The gap between the first connecting rod 15 and the first slot 23 and the gap between the second connecting rod 20 and the second slot 24 are both 0.5 to 1.
mm, and does not hinder the movement of the second current plate 5 and the third current plate 4 at all. Similarly, each rectifying plate 2, 3, 4.5 and the outer wall 10
The gap and the gap between each rectifier plate 2, 3, 4.5 and the partition wall 10 are both about 0.5 to 1 mm, and each rectifier plate 2, 3, 4.
It does not hinder the movement of ゜5 at all.

Regarding each rectifying plate 2, 3, 4.5 in Fig. 1 and each link 14, 18.25 in Fig. 2, the state shown by the solid line is when the turbine capacity of the supercharger is minimized. The state shown by the dotted line is when the turbine capacity is maximized.

As mentioned above, when the engine is running at low speed, the turbine capacity of the supercharger is small, and when the engine is running at high speed, the turbine capacity of the supercharger is large, and it is desirable that the two be approximately proportional. Therefore, the inner wall forming the turbine scroll is composed of divided movable rectifier plates 2, 3, 4.5, and the movement of each rectifier plate 2, 3, 4°, 5 smoothly changes the turbine capacity. In order to achieve this, they are all related by a link mechanism with each link 14, 18° 25 so that the relative relationship is always regulated. The link mechanisms are operated and moved all at once in the direction that meets the requirements. That is,
At minimum engine speed, each link 14, 18.2
5 in the state shown by the solid line in FIG.
, 4.5 are placed in the state shown by the solid line in FIG. 1, and the cross-sectional area of the gas flow path is minimized to minimize the turbine capacity. Also, when the engine speed is maximum, each link 14, 18°2
5 in the state shown by the dotted line in FIG.
, 4.5 are placed in the state shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1, and the cross-sectional area of the gas flow path is maximized to maximize the turbine capacity. Also, when the engine speed is between the minimum and maximum, each baffle plate 2.3.4.5 is moved accordingly to match the engine speed.

To operate the link mechanism, a rotating shaft 17 is connected to the first link 14, which is one link of the link mechanism, and this rotating shaft 17 is connected to an external lever 16. The actuator provided (
(not shown). The actuator operates by sensing the pressure of blower discharge air from the supercharger that supplies air to the engine.

Although there are slight gaps between each of the rectifying plates 2, 5, 4.5 and the outer wall 1 and between each of the rectifying plates 2, 3, 4.5 and the partition wall 10, the gas serving as the working fluid flows therein. When each rectifying plate 2
, 3, 4.5 and the outer wall 1 and the link mechanism chamber 27 are also filled with the gas pressure, so gas rarely enters or exits through those gaps, and the energy of the exhaust gas is wasted. It is a minor thing to do.

However, only a small amount of loss occurs due to the loss due to unevenness on the wall surface of the scroll passage and the fluctuation in gas pressure. In addition, each rectifier plate 2, 3
, 4.5 is not placed against a pressure difference,
It rectifies the gas flow.

The movement of each baffle plate 2, 3, 4.5 described above causes the other cross-sectional areas to change in proportion to the cross-sectional area determined by the dimension W from the tongue in FIG. Here, if an ideal cross-sectional area distribution is required, the inner wall must be made entirely flexible, but this can be approximated by dividing it into several rectifying plates 2, 3, 4.5. I am achieving it.

A second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 is of a twin flow type, and FIG. 4 is shown in correspondence with FIG. 3.

That is, the variable displacement supercharger shown in FIG. 4 is different from the one shown in FIG. The scroll chamber 26' has two scroll chambers 26'. That is, the scroll chamber 26 seen in FIG. 4 is similar to the scroll chamber 26 seen in FIG.
6, and the first connecting rod 15 and the second connecting rod 20 (not shown in FIG. 4) span both scroll chambers 26 and 26', The link mechanism housed in the link mechanism chamber 27 connects each current plate 2 (the fourth
(not shown in the figure), 3, 4.5 are moved in unison. Therefore, since the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is similar to the first embodiment described in FIGS. 1 to 3 in terms of operation and the like, detailed explanation will be omitted.

Effects of the Invention The present invention provides an inner wall made of a baffle plate that is movably provided in a working fluid flow path so as to change the turbine capacity and is divided into a plurality of parts and forms a turbine scroll as a whole; Since it is provided with a link mechanism that moves the respective rectifier plates simultaneously while regulating the relative relationship of the respective rectifier plates so as to change the flow path cross-sectional area of the working fluid,
Without the use of conventional wastegate pulp or turbine nozzle vanes, the turbine capacity can be matched to the speed of the engine over the entire operating range of the engine.

Further, the inner wall is provided inside an outer wall that maintains the working fluid pressure of the turbine casing, and the link mechanism is housed in a link mechanism chamber that is a separate chamber separated from the flow path of the working fluid by a partition wall. Because of this, the presence of the necessary gap in the movable part is less likely to cause energy loss due to wasteful flow of the working fluid, and the purpose of the variable displacement turbine can be achieved while maintaining high efficiency.

Moreover, in order to smoothly move each of the rectifier plates.

Adopts a link mechanism with no sliding parts, and.

Since the rotating shaft is connected to one of the links in the link mechanism and taken out to the outside, and controlled by an actuator from the outside, mechanical loss during operation is extremely low, and it is comparable to the same type of variable displacement type. The structure is relatively simple.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view showing the first embodiment of the present invention, and the second embodiment is a cross-sectional front view showing the first embodiment of the present invention.
The figure is a front view showing the link mechanism in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a front view showing the link mechanism in Figure 1.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along cutting line A--A in the figure, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention, corresponding to FIG. 1... Outer wall, 2, 3, 4.5... Current plate, 10...
・Bulkhead, 14, 18.25...S/R, 15.20・
...Connection rod, 16...Lever, 17...Rotary shaft, 2
5,24. ,・Slot hole, 2626/...scroll chamber,
27...Link mechanism room. Patent applicant Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. 4th

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An outer wall that maintains the pressure of the working fluid in the turbine casing, and an outer wall that is movably provided in the working fluid flow path inside the outer wall and is divided into a plurality of parts so as to change the turbine capacity. an inner wall consisting of a baffle plate that collectively forms a turbine scroll for the flow of fluid;
and a link mechanism that moves the respective rectifier plates simultaneously while regulating the relative relationship of the rectifier plates so as to change the cross-sectional area of the flow path of the working fluid, and the flow path of the working fluid are separated by a partition wall. and a link mechanism chamber which is a separate room and houses the link mechanism, and furthermore, a connecting rod passing through a slot provided in the partition wall to connect the current plate and the link mechanism, and the link. 1. A variable displacement supercharger, comprising a rotating shaft attached to any one of the links of the mechanism, taken out to the outside, and controlled by an actuator from the outside.