JPS62180287A - Mixture for magnetic marker body - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To maintain the common use of a magnetic function, a load resisting function, etc., by using a mixture consisting of 50-97pts.wt. ferrite and 3-5pts. wt. epoxy resin using oleyl amine as a curing agent. CONSTITUTION:The magnetic performance of a magnetic marker body consisting of only ferrite and a binder depends upon the weight of the ferrite and, in general, when the thickness of the magnetic marker body is 3-6mm, the weight of the ferrite is 50-90wt%, preferably, 70-93wt%. Further, the blending of a thermosetting resin varies with the grain size of the ferrite and 3-50wt% of the total weight is preferable; and the viscosity of epoxy resin using oleyl amine as a curing material is extremely low during mixture and the mixing and molding of ferrite containing a large amount of particulates are easy. The consistency of the mixture is different according to the grain size of the ferrite and the weight of the binder and the mixture is flowed in when the binder is large in amount or transferred under pressure when small. Thus, the common use of the magnetic function, load resisting function, wear resisting function, etc., is maintained for a long period.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention is directed to a magnetic induction system that uses a magnetic sensor that detects ferrite to guide people and vehicles, which contains ferrite and has a traffic load resistance function. The present invention relates to a mixture for a magnetic marker, and more particularly to a mixture for a magnetic marker that functions as a magnetic sensor and various loads by installing or burying a mixture of ferrite and various binders on the surface of a place to be guided.

(Prior Art and its Problems) Various types of guidance systems have been developed for the purpose of automation and labor saving, and known methods include a cable system, an optical system, and a laser system. However, the cable method suffers from disconnections, power outages, and difficulty in changing courses, the optical method suffers from dirt and damage, and the laser method suffers from the effects of obstacles.
It has drawbacks and difficulties such as, and is generally used indoors.

On the other hand, the magnetic induction method that detects ferrite uses a magnetic sensor to detect signs installed or embedded on the surface (called magnetic signs) to guide people and vehicles. It is not affected by this, and since the thickness of the marker can be reduced in accordance with the increase in sensor sensitivity, it is sufficient to simply paint or paste it on the surface, and the course can be changed freely.

A magnetic induction system with such advantages was proposed in a patent application filed in 1973.
746863, also shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-128024,
For example, it is used to guide visually impaired people, remotely guide transport vehicles in factories, and guide golf carts.

The sensing ability of a magnetic sensor increases as the weight of ferrite per unit volume increases, and the thicker the magnetic label, the greater the weight of ferrite.As a result, the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor increases. In extreme cases, magnetic markers can be detected by laying out ferrite powder, but the ferrite powder needs to be stabilized by solidifying it with some kind of binder from the viewpoint of the load on people and vehicles, workability, durability, and aesthetics. Furthermore, if the material is dense, the weight of ferrite per unit volume is increased, and the thickness of the magnetic marker can be reduced.

The ferrite weight and dimensions of the magnetic marker are determined by the input current that affects the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor, the position of the magnetic sensor, and other conditions on the magnetic sensor side.If the ferrite weight is constant, the magnetic sensor side conditions determine the magnetic It is necessary to appropriately design the label. That is, the magnetic sensor has a certain range of size, weight, and sensor position depending on the application, and the shape of the magnetic marker is determined depending on the application based on these magnetic sensor side conditions, economical viewpoint, and construction. Generally, the thickness of the magnetic label is 1 to 30 mm when the ferrite weight is 80%, preferably 3 to 6 mm when it is on the surface.
In the case of burial, it may be relatively thin, such as 10 to 20 mm, and the width also varies depending on the purpose, and in the case of pedestrian use, it is 20 to 100 cm, preferably 30 to 60 cm, and in the case of vehicle use, it is 5 to 20 cm, preferably 10 to 15 cm. , and should be relatively narrow.

If such a thin and narrow magnetic sign is installed on the top of pavement, floor, ground surface, etc., it will be deformed and destroyed by vehicles passing by, so the magnetic sign will sufficiently resist these effects.
In addition, it must not pose an obstacle to normal traffic safety and must be able to achieve its main purpose of magnetic guidance for a long period of time.

2 by devising software for guiding guided vehicles using magnetic sensors.
Cross-sectional cracks of 0 mm or less, wire breaks, etc. do not interfere with control, and cracks due to repeated loading of vehicles and cracks due to repeated daily temperatures are tolerated to a certain extent, but cracks and breakage occur frequently due to passing vehicles during electrical transformation. Furthermore, it must not be removed for a length of 20 mm or more.

Moreover, if the magnetic marker is deformed to a thickness below the limit that can be detected by the magnetic sensor due to repeated loading of the vehicle during the design period, it will not function. Contrary to this condition that requires hardness, magnetic signs follow the deflection due to traffic loads of relatively flexible pavement such as asphalt pavement, and do not crack, as mentioned above. At the same time, conditions for safety are also required.

In general, hard materials are required for locations that require both load-bearing deformation and abrasion-resistant deformation resistance, and in addition to thermosetting resins such as cement, epoxy resin, and unsaturated polyester resin, polyethylene, fluorocarbon resin, and other materials are usually used. Although a large number of synthetic resins exist, they are often unable to follow the strain that occurs in the pavement, the ground, and the magnetic sign itself due to traffic loads and temperature loads, and they often crack. The superiority of soft materials in terms of crack resistance is evident from the fact that asphalt pavement does not require the joints found in concrete pavement. However, because asphalt eliminates internal strain by stress relaxation due to viscosity, deformation is unavoidable, and it is difficult to maintain the thickness of magnetic signs for a long time because they are thin and have a large amount of binder due to construction and manufacturing. and confirmed at the scene.

(Means for Solving the Problems) That is, the present invention is a mixture for magnetic labels comprising 50 to 97 parts by weight of ferrite and 3 to 50 parts by weight of an epoxy resin using oleinamine as a curing agent.

The present inventors have discovered that the binder for this type of mixture with a large amount of binder determines almost all of the mechanical properties of the mixture, and the binder provides hardness that resists deformation and resistance to cracking. We have discovered the applicability of rubbery thermosetting resins and emulsions that can also function as softness.

(Function) The ferrite used in the present invention is Fe304 (Fe304), which is a type of magnetic iron oxide discharged during iron ore or titanium smelting.
Ferrite is a by-product ferrite that is produced after treating wastewater containing heavy metals (magnetite) and heavy metals using the ferrite method. Although the specific gravity of ferrite is approximately 4.8 to 5°2, which is higher than that of road aggregate, which is 2.6 to 2.9,
Very fine grain size. - As an example, Table 1 shows the particle size of the dried magnetite used in this example, together with its specific gravity and water content.

In a magnetic label consisting only of ferrite and a binder, the weight of the ferrite, or in other words, the weight of the binder, determines the magnetic performance.

Generally, if the thickness of the magnetic marker is 3 to 6 mm, the weight of ferrite must be 50% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more, but if the thickness is increased, it can be made smaller depending on the sensitivity of the sensor. Since ferrite is mixed with a binder, there is naturally an upper limit, preferably 50-97% by weight, preferably 70-97% by weight.
It may be 93% by weight. However, it is natural that the consistency of the mixture differs depending on the particle size of the ferrite and the weight of the binder, and the manufacturing method used also differs, such as pouring when there is a large amount of binder, or rolling when there is a small amount of binder.

Add road aggregate and filler in an amount of 60% by weight or less, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, within the amount of ferrite allowed in terms of magnetic performance, to the total 100% by weight of ferrite and binder,
It can be improved to make the mixture more resistant to traffic loads. At this time, part or all of the road aggregate and filler may be replaced with fired ferrite. The binder that solidifies and stabilizes the ferrite must be suitable depending on the location where the magnetic label is applied.

Thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins, urethane resins, and unsaturated polyester resins are suitable for areas that require both load-bearing deformation and abrasion-resistant deformation resistance, and they also follow the distortion that occurs in pavement and ground without cracking. A rubber thermosetting resin is recommended for this purpose.

The properties of a thermosetting resin can be easily changed to rubber-like properties by combining a main material and a curing material, and various rubber-like resins are commercially available. Suitable epoxy resins are those obtained by using oleylamine, a modified aliphatic amine, as a curing agent and imparting plasticity, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-36040. Epoxy resins made from commonly used diamine, triamine, and polyamide compounds have extremely high strength, but on the other hand, their elastic modulus is too high, so they cannot fully follow strain. Often cracks due to repetition. Furthermore, these epoxy resins have a high viscosity when mixed, making mixing and molding difficult. On the other hand, an epoxy resin using oleylamine as a curing agent has extremely low viscosity when mixed, and it is easy to mix and mold ferrite with a large particle content.

Urethane resin is easily available as urethane rubber.
Like urethane resins, unsaturated polyesters can also easily provide rubber-like flexibility.・These thermosetting resins have a somewhat thick viscosity when mixed, and require some energy for mixing and molding, but the magnetic markers that have been sufficiently cured exhibit satisfactory rubber properties and are resistant to deformation and cracking. do not have.

The ferrite, aggregate, and binder can be easily mixed with a common mortar mixer, pugmill mixer, etc. by drying these aggregates in advance.

The composition of the thermosetting resin varies depending on the particle size of the ferrite, but may be 3 to 50% by weight of the total weight. 10% by weight is better, but 10-18% by weight is better when poured or troweled, regardless of thickness. If the weight of the binder exceeds this range, liquefaction will cause problems in production, and it is also undesirable from the viewpoint of ensuring magnetic performance. If the grain size of the ferrite is finer than that of this example (see Table 1), the amount of binder may be increased in accordance with the grain size, and if the ferrite is coarse grained, it may be decreased.

One-component type urethane resins that use water vapor in the air as a curing agent are suitable for compaction type mixtures with voids, but are undesirable for pouring with nearly no voids because the curing period becomes long. . In general, thermosetting resins that are two-component and whose curing reaction can be controlled are suitable.

For areas such as sidewalks where heavy melons do not act, a mixture of ferrite and aggregate using one or more emulsions such as epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and vinyl acetate resin as a binder can also be used as a magnetic marker. In particular, if it is an emulsion, there is no need to dry the 7-elite and aggregate, which saves resources, and it is easy to mix depending on the amount of water added, and its consistency can be adjusted freely, and leveling is very easy, making it easy to carry out on-site construction. It is also suitable for repairs. The composition of the emulsion varies depending on the particle size of the ferrite, but in the case of magnetite as shown in Table 1, the resin solid content is preferably 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 8 to 14% by weight. Although it is better to keep the water content low for drying and curing purposes, it may be 10 to 20% by weight to maintain consistency.

Emulsion type mixtures have the disadvantage of a long curing time for water to evaporate, and the voids left behind by evaporation become a mechanical weakness, making them unsuitable for roadways with harsh conditions. It is particularly susceptible to wear caused by spikes, etc. If rapid on-site construction is required, adding up to 20% by weight or less, preferably 2 to 10%, of cement to such an emulsion mixture can speed up the curing rate by digesting water through the hardening reaction of the cement and evaporating water into the air. Strength can be improved as well. Any cement can be used, such as ordinary Portland cement, but if you use Sumitomo Cement Co., Ltd.'s jet cement or quick-hardening cement, the curing speed will be faster, for example, compared to the 24-hour curing time without cement. For cement, it takes about 2 hours. Setting the upper limit of cement amount is
The ratio of cement to the hardness of the mixture increases, making it more likely to crack. From the viewpoint of cracking resistance, it is best to use a highly flexible resin emulsion. An emulsion modified by modifying the emulsion with a flexible material such as styrene may also be used.

Although a mixture can be made with just cement and water, it results in a mixture with slightly inferior abrasive properties and cannot be solidified, so it is also possible to improve the mixture by adding an emulsion to it.

On the other hand, asphalt, which is one of the highly viscous materials, is economical and has the advantage of not being easily cracked, but its application is limited because permanent viscous deformation cannot be avoided. Construction by pouring requires a large amount of binder and deformation due to load tends to be a problem, which is not preferable. For example, modifying agents such as synthetic resins with low needle resistance (20/40
) Even when mixed in a one-to-one ratio with asphalt, the deformation was still large, and it even became uneconomical to add more modifiers. Also, mixtures using thermosetting resins and emulsions can be worked at room temperature, whereas mixtures using asphalt require heating, which is an expensive and complicated process.

The use of asphalt-based materials can be used for the construction type (however, thick layer) by compaction, which requires a small amount of binder, and the details are also described in Japanese Patent Application No. 51-138439. If the mixture is compacted with a roller or the like at a concentration of 5 to 7% by weight in the case of magnetite, it exhibits deformation resistance and abrasion resistance comparable to ordinary pavement mixtures. This can be used for roadways in cold regions where the abrasion caused by spiked tires cannot be avoided. Or, for visually impaired people, when attaching Braille tiles to the surface of a magnetic sign, the magnetic sign is made thicker to cover the distance from the magnetic sensor built into the cane for the visually impaired. It can also be used for

If the thickness of the magnetic sign is thin due to binder properties, usability, durability, workability, economic efficiency, etc., thermosetting resin can be used for roadways, and emulsion containing cement can be used for sidewalks. Thickness (if necessary, asphalt-based binders can be used in addition to thermosetting resins).

The above-mentioned mixture for magnetic markers consisting of the binder, ferrite, and aggregate can be manufactured by either the on-site construction method or the precast method, and can be constructed by applying, pasting, pouring, embedding, etc. on the ground surface such as floors, pavements, and ground. I can,
As shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to have a protrusion from the surface, a buried surface with a flat surface, or a deeper blind device. Construction can be done both manually and mechanically, and in the case of manual labor, it is limited to small-scale pasting and finishing with a trowel, but in the case of machinery, it is possible to apply with a special machine, pour, and pour the mold by extruding with a screw, pressure, etc. Various methods are possible. Here, 1 is a magnetic marker and 2 is the ground surface.

(Example) Dry ferrite (magnetite) 80, 85 in Table 1,
Epoxy resin containing modified aliphatic amine (oleylamine) as a curing agent (commercially available Kaomat SK) at 90°95% by weight.
were prepared in a weight ratio of 59/41 between the main material and the curing material, and 20, 15, and 10.5% by weight were added to each ferrite weight, respectively. The mixture was then mixed using a mortar mixer and directly molded onto the asphalt pavement into a shape with a thickness of 5 mm, a width of 30 cm, and a length of 200 cm. The same binder was previously applied as a tack coat for adhesion onto 300 m1/m2 pavement.

The 20% and 15% by weight epoxy resins were in liquid form and could be easily poured by hand and finished with a trowel. 20
The one with 15% by weight had more breathing than the one with 15% by weight and seemed to be a little excessive. At 10% by weight, the mixture becomes semi-plastic and clay-like, making the mixture heavy and requiring pressure to be molded, making it difficult to finish with a trowel.

The 5% by weight mixture was an extension of the dry and dry powder, and the surface was rough and not dense when finished with a trowel alone.
The specimen was compacted with a roller, and any cracks that occurred were repaired with a light-weight tire roller. The output voltages of these mixtures are shown in FIG. 2, and the density, bending fracture properties, and results of wheel tracking tests and labeling abrasion tests for paving mixtures are shown in Table 2 using samples separately prepared on a small scale. Straight asphalt 20 for reference
The results for mixtures in which 7% and 15% by weight of /40 were added to 93% and 85% by weight of ferrite, respectively, were also shown, but 7% by weight of asphalt was compacted, and the epoxy mixture was compared to asphalt in terms of bending fracture properties. Both the bending strength and the strain at bending failure are greater than the mixture, and the flexibility is greater.

In a wheel tracking test where tires are repeatedly loaded at a high temperature of 60°C and their deformation properties are examined, the asphalt mixture shows only a small dynamic stability (DS) and a large deformation is expected, whereas the epoxy mixture shows very little dynamic stability (DS). When combined with the large bending S and the bending failure property, the rubber elasticity of the epoxy resin is thought to be the reason for the easy bending and non-deformation of the epoxy resin. This can be understood from the fact that it has the property of recovering even if a small piece is bent.

(Effects of the Invention) The magnetic marker molded here showed no cracks or deformation even when loaded on a large truck.

The magnetic marker mixture of ferrite and binder according to the present invention maintains its magnetic function, load-bearing function, abrasion resistance function, cracking resistance function, etc. for a long period of time if used appropriately depending on the application location and construction thickness. Magnetic guidance using a magnetic sensor FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of installing a magnetic marker, where 1 is a magnetic PX marker and 2 is a ground surface such as pavement or a floor. Figure 2 shows the output voltage and binder of the magnetic label according to the present invention in Examples, weight %
, is a relationship diagram.

two)

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) A mixture for magnetic labels characterized by comprising 50 to 97 parts by weight of ferrite and 3 to 50 parts by weight of an epoxy resin using oleylamine as a curing agent. (2) The mixture for magnetic labels according to claim 1, wherein the ferrite is a by-product ferrite produced from magnetic iron oxide discharged and produced during iron ore and titanium smelting, and wastewater treatment. (3) The mixture for magnetic labels according to claim 1, wherein the epoxy resin is a urethane resin or an unsaturated polyester resin. (4) The mixture for magnetic labels according to claim 1, wherein the epoxy resin is one or more of emulsions of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and vinyl acetate resin. (5) The mixture for magnetic labels according to claim 4, in which 2 to 20 parts by weight of cement and water are added to the emulsion. (6) Part of the ferrite is used as road aggregate and filler;
The mixture for magnetic markers according to claim 1, which is one or more types of calcined ferrite.