JPS62165517A - Cam shaft made of aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Cam shaft made of aluminum alloy

Info

Publication number
JPS62165517A
JPS62165517A JP761386A JP761386A JPS62165517A JP S62165517 A JPS62165517 A JP S62165517A JP 761386 A JP761386 A JP 761386A JP 761386 A JP761386 A JP 761386A JP S62165517 A JPS62165517 A JP S62165517A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
camshaft
aluminum alloy
cam shaft
cam
dispersion plating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP761386A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2611758B2 (en
Inventor
Jiro Yamashita
次郎 山下
Masayoshi Takama
高間 政善
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Suzuki Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Suzuki Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Suzuki Motor Corp filed Critical Suzuki Motor Corp
Priority to JP61007613A priority Critical patent/JP2611758B2/en
Publication of JPS62165517A publication Critical patent/JPS62165517A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2611758B2 publication Critical patent/JP2611758B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047Camshafts

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the strength of a shaft as well as to attempt the reduction in weight by making a cam shaft used for the actuating mechanism of an internal-combustion engine out of aluminum alloy whereby applying a dispersed metallic plating on its outer surface. CONSTITUTION:A cam shaft used for the actuating mechanism of an internal- combustion engine includes a cam section 'a' and a journal section 'b'. In this case, the cam shaft is formed into, for example, a solid structure, and is made of aluminum alloy or its casting. And any aluminum alloy used in this case may be accepted if it is so composed that its mechanical strength is identical to that of current cam shafts. And a specially treated surface layer with resistance to wear, that is, a dispersed metallic plating is applied to the surface of the cam shaft. Owing to the aforementioned constitution, the cam shaft can be increased of its strength, and can also be made light in weight.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 a、 産業上の利用分野 本発明は内燃機関の動弁機構に用いられるアルミニウム
合金製カムシャフトに関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION a. Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy camshaft used in a valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine.

b、 従来の技術 第1図は自動車エンジンの動弁機構に用いられるカムシ
ャフトの一例を示し、aはカム部、bはジャーナル部で
ある。このようなカムシャフトには、鋳造により一体成
形したものや、鍛造により個々に成形した構成部分を組
み合せて、溶接などにより一体にしたものなどがある。
b. Prior art FIG. 1 shows an example of a camshaft used in a valve mechanism of an automobile engine, in which a is a cam portion and b is a journal portion. Such camshafts include those that are integrally formed by casting, and those that are made by combining component parts that have been individually formed by forging and welding them together.

また、−木の金属管を用い、これをバルジ成形によって
カム部。
In addition, the cam part is made using a wooden metal tube and bulge-formed.

ジャーナル部などを同時に成形する方法などが知られて
いる。
A method is known in which the journal portion and the like are molded at the same time.

C0発明が解決しようとする問題点 前記の方法により製造されるカムシャフトのうち、鋳鉄
(ねずみ鋳鉄、 Fe12など)によって鋳造されるも
のは、鉄の比重が大きいため、その総重量が重くなると
いう問題点がある。そのため、第2図に示すように内部
を一部中空化したものが実用化されているが、必ずしも
充分な軽量化は計られていない。
Problems to be solved by the C0 invention Among the camshafts manufactured by the above method, those cast from cast iron (gray cast iron, Fe12, etc.) have a large specific gravity, so the total weight is heavy. There is a problem. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 2, a device with a partially hollow interior has been put into practical use, but this has not necessarily resulted in sufficient weight reduction.

一方、軽量化の目的でアルミナ焼結体によるセラミック
ス・カムシャフトが考えられるが、セラミックス焼結体
で作成した摺動面の表面層には、焼結体自身の有する気
孔率が1%程度で、潤滑油の保持部となるべき四部がほ
とんどなく、実際には使用できないという問題点がある
。また、アルミナの特質として摺動面近傍においては、
アルミナの分子構造中に水酸基(−Of+)が形成され
ていて、親油性でないため、潤滑油の保持能力が橿めて
劣るという問題点がある。
On the other hand, a ceramic camshaft made of alumina sintered body may be considered for the purpose of weight reduction, but the surface layer of the sliding surface made of ceramic sintered body has a porosity of about 1%. However, there is a problem in that there are almost no parts that should serve as lubricating oil holding parts, so it cannot be used in practice. In addition, as a characteristic of alumina, near the sliding surface,
A hydroxyl group (-Of+) is formed in the molecular structure of alumina, and since it is not lipophilic, there is a problem that the ability to retain lubricating oil is significantly inferior.

本発明は前記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、前記従来技
術の問題点を解消してなるアルミニウム合金製カムシャ
フトを提供しようとするものである。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an aluminum alloy camshaft which eliminates the problems of the prior art.

d、 問題点を解決するための手段 本発明は前記問題点を解決するため、カムシャフトをア
ルミニウム合金で製作し、その表面に分散メッキを施す
ようにしたものである。
d. Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is such that the camshaft is made of an aluminum alloy and its surface is coated with dispersion plating.

以下、本発明について図面を参照しながら詳細に説明す
る。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

本発明に係るカムシャフトは、第1図に示すような中実
構造とし、これをアルミニウム合金、またはその鋳物に
よって製作するものである。
The camshaft according to the present invention has a solid structure as shown in FIG. 1, and is manufactured from an aluminum alloy or a casting thereof.

用いられるアルミニウム合金は、従来のカムシャフトと
同等の機械的強度かえられる組成のものであればよく、
たとえば、従来の鋳鉄(Fe12など)を用いて製作し
た最小肉厚4龍の中空構造のカムシャフトに対して、こ
れと同形であって中実構造のアルミニウム合金鋳物(た
とえばAC4C−76)を用いることによって、はぼ同
等の機械的強度のものかえられ、かつ鋳造性、加工性に
ついても問題のないことが判った。
The aluminum alloy used only needs to have a composition that provides mechanical strength equivalent to that of conventional camshafts.
For example, in contrast to a camshaft with a minimum wall thickness of four dragons that has a hollow structure made using conventional cast iron (such as Fe12), an aluminum alloy casting of the same shape and solid structure (such as AC4C-76) is used. As a result, it was found that the material had almost the same mechanical strength as the original material, and there were no problems in terms of castability and workability.

次に前記アルミニウム合金鋳物(AC4C−76)によ
るカムシャフトは機械的強度は得られたが、その表面硬
さがブリネル硬さで約90であり、これを摺動面のある
カムシャフトにそのまま用いるには問題がある。そこで
本発明者等はアルミニウム合金鋳物によるカムシャフト
の表面に、特殊の耐摩耗性の表面処理層を施すこと、す
なわち、分散メッキを施すことによって従来のカムシャ
フトと性能的にほとんど変わらず、しかも軽量化された
本発明のカムシャフトを完成したのである。
Next, although the camshaft made of the aluminum alloy casting (AC4C-76) has good mechanical strength, its surface hardness is approximately 90 on Brinell hardness, and this is used as is for a camshaft with a sliding surface. There is a problem. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention applied a special wear-resistant surface treatment layer to the surface of a camshaft made of aluminum alloy casting, that is, applied dispersion plating to the surface of the camshaft. The lightweight camshaft of the present invention was completed.

本発明のカムシャフトに用いる分散メッキは、カムシャ
フト表面に生成した金属マトリックス中に、微粒子を共
析させたもので、金属マトリ・7クスの性質と、微粒子
固有の性質とが付加された新しい機能を発揮する表面処
理層である。
The dispersion plating used for the camshaft of the present invention is made by co-depositing fine particles in the metal matrix formed on the camshaft surface, and is a new type of plating that has the properties of the metal matrix and the properties unique to the fine particles. This is a surface treatment layer that performs its functions.

前記微粒子としては、硬質微粒子として炭化珪素(Si
C)、アルミナ(AI□03)、窒化珪素(SiJa)
、ダイヤモンド(C)等があり、また潤滑性微粒子とし
て窒化硼素(BN) 、セリサイト、テフロン等がある
The fine particles include silicon carbide (Si) as hard fine particles.
C), alumina (AI□03), silicon nitride (SiJa)
, diamond (C), etc., and lubricating fine particles such as boron nitride (BN), sericite, and Teflon.

また、金属マトリックスとしては、ニッケル(Ni)銅
(Cu) 、  ニッケルーコバルト(Ni−Go)、
ニッケルーリン(Ni−P、電界あるいは無電界による
もの)などがあり、カムシャフトの表面被膜としては、
このうち、Ni+ NiCo、Ni−Pが好ましい。
In addition, as the metal matrix, nickel (Ni) copper (Cu), nickel-cobalt (Ni-Go),
There are nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P, produced by electric field or no electric field), etc., and as a surface coating of the camshaft,
Among these, Ni+NiCo and Ni-P are preferred.

以上の共析微粒子と金属マトリックスの組合せとして硬
質微粒子を使用した場合は、Ni−5iC,N1−P−
3iC,Ni−Co−5iC,Ni−八1201+  
Ni−Co−^’201+  Ni−5isNa、 N
i−P−5iJm、 Ni−Co−5i3Nn、 Ni
−ダイヤモンド、 N1−P−ダイヤモンド、 Ni−
Co−ダイヤモンド等の分散メッキが適用できる。
When hard particles are used as a combination of the above eutectoid particles and metal matrix, Ni-5iC, N1-P-
3iC, Ni-Co-5iC, Ni-81201+
Ni-Co-^'201+ Ni-5isNa, N
i-P-5iJm, Ni-Co-5i3Nn, Ni
-Diamond, N1-P-Diamond, Ni-
Dispersion plating such as Co-diamond can be applied.

また自己潤滑性微粒子を使用した場合は、N r −B
 N +N1−P−BN+ N1−Go−BN、 Ni
−セリサイト、 N1−P−セリサイト、 Ni−Co
−セリサイト、Ni−ダイヤモンド。
In addition, when using self-lubricating fine particles, N r −B
N +N1-P-BN+ N1-Go-BN, Ni
-Sericite, N1-P-Sericite, Ni-Co
-Sericite, Ni-Diamond.

N1−P−ダイヤモンド、 Ni−Co−ダイヤモンド
等の分散メッキが適用できる。
Dispersion plating such as N1-P-diamond and Ni-Co-diamond can be applied.

ここで、カムシャフトにアルミニウム合金鋳物(AC4
C−76)を用いて、これに硬質微粒子として、たとえ
ばSiCを分散材としたN1−P−SiC分散メブキ被
膜を表面に施すと、N1−Pマトリックス自体で、・ 
マイクロビッカース硬度700 (Hmν)前後となり
、硬度においては従来のFe12のカムシャフトと同等
以上の値かえられる。しかもN1−P−SiC分散メッ
キ被膜にはSiC粒子が共析しているため、カムシャフ
トの回転にともなって、相手側のロッカーアームとの間
断のない接触抵抗に対しても、このSiC粒子が耐摩耗
性を発揮して、カムシャフト表面の硬さを補強し、かつ
維持し続けるため、カム面の摩耗は全く生じることがな
い。
Here, the camshaft is made of aluminum alloy casting (AC4
C-76), and when an N1-P-SiC dispersed coating film is applied to the surface of the hard fine particles, for example, using SiC as a dispersion material, the N1-P matrix itself can...
The micro-Vickers hardness is around 700 (Hmν), which is equivalent to or higher than the conventional Fe12 camshaft. Moreover, since SiC particles are eutectoid in the N1-P-SiC dispersion plating film, these SiC particles can withstand constant contact resistance with the opposing rocker arm as the camshaft rotates. It exhibits wear resistance, reinforces the hardness of the camshaft surface, and continues to maintain it, so there is no wear on the cam surface.

また、アルミニウム合金鋳物(八C4C−76)のカム
シャフトにN1−P−BNN分散メッキ膜を施した場合
も同様な硬度かえられるとともに、そこに自己潤滑性で
あるBNが共析されているため、この被膜は潤滑性を発
揮し、カムシャフトの回転に対するロッカーアームの摺
動が極めて滑らかになる。
In addition, when a N1-P-BNN dispersion plating film is applied to a camshaft made of aluminum alloy casting (8C4C-76), a similar hardness can be obtained, and BN, which is self-lubricating, is eutectoid. This coating exhibits lubricity, making the rocker arm slide extremely smoothly as the camshaft rotates.

e、 実施例 (1)  第1図に示す四輪自動車用カムシャフトをア
ルミニウム合金鋳物(AC4C−76)で製作した。こ
のカムシャフト表面に硬質微粒子を分散材とするN1−
P−SiC分散メッキを施したあとメッキ面を研磨し、
メッキ厚さを70μmとした。その結果、このカムシャ
フトの重量は0.7kgとなり、同一形状のFe12の
重量に対し約66%の軽量化率かえられた。
e. Example (1) A camshaft for a four-wheeled vehicle shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured from aluminum alloy casting (AC4C-76). N1-
After applying P-SiC dispersion plating, the plated surface is polished,
The plating thickness was 70 μm. As a result, the weight of this camshaft was 0.7 kg, which was about 66% lighter than the weight of Fe12 of the same shape.

次にこのカムシャフトをエンジンに組込み、11000
rp、 400時間の条件で耐久試験を実施したが、耐
久試験中、何等の問題も発生しなかった。耐久試験終了
後、エンジンを分解し、カムシャフトを調査したところ
、母材内部には同等異常はなく、また分散メッキの施さ
れたシャフト表面の摩耗量は、従来の鋳鉄(Fe12)
による場合の115であり、極めてよい結果かえられた
。さらにN1−P−SiC分散メッキの密着性も良好で
あり、剥離等のトラブルも皆無であった。
Next, install this camshaft into the engine,
An endurance test was conducted under the conditions of RP and 400 hours, but no problems occurred during the endurance test. After the durability test was completed, the engine was disassembled and the camshaft was examined. There were no similar abnormalities inside the base material, and the amount of wear on the shaft surface coated with dispersion plating was comparable to that of conventional cast iron (Fe12).
The result was 115, which was an extremely good result. Furthermore, the adhesion of the N1-P-SiC dispersion plating was also good, and there were no problems such as peeling.

(2)  実施例fi+と同じ材料のカムシャフト表面
に、自己潤滑性微粒子を分散材とするN1−P−BN分
散メッキを施したあと、メッキ面を研磨し、メッキ厚を
70μmとした。
(2) N1-P-BN dispersion plating using self-lubricating fine particles as a dispersant was applied to the surface of a camshaft made of the same material as in Example fi+, and then the plated surface was polished to a plating thickness of 70 μm.

このカムシャフトをエンジンに組み込み、実施例1と同
じ条件で耐久試験を実施したが、はぼ同様な結果かえら
れた。
This camshaft was assembled into an engine and a durability test was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1, with almost the same results.

f、 発明の効果 以上のように、本発明に係るカムシャフトによれば、充
分な強度のものかえられるとともに、従来の鋳鉄製カム
シャフトに比較して60〜70%の軽量化が可能となっ
た。
f. Effects of the Invention As described above, the camshaft according to the present invention not only has sufficient strength but also can be 60 to 70% lighter than a conventional cast iron camshaft. Ta.

また、本発明に係るカムシャフトは、その表面にたとえ
ばN1−P−SiC分散メッキを施した場合、従来のF
e12のカムシャフトと同等以上の表面硬さが得られ、
さらにSiCの粒子により、さらに硬度が補強され、か
つ持続できる。
Furthermore, when the camshaft according to the present invention is coated with, for example, N1-P-SiC dispersion plating on its surface, it is possible to
Surface hardness equivalent to or higher than the e12 camshaft is obtained,
Furthermore, the SiC particles further enhance the hardness and make it durable.

また、潤滑性微粒子を含む、たとえばN1−P−BN分
散メッキを施した場合、従来のFe12のカムシャフト
と同等以上の表面硬さが得られるとともに、カムシャフ
トの回転とロッカーアームの動きが極めて滑らかとなり
、機械損失が減少し、燃費の節約と円滑な作動かえられ
る。
In addition, when applying N1-P-BN dispersion plating containing lubricating fine particles, for example, a surface hardness equivalent to or higher than that of a conventional Fe12 camshaft can be obtained, and the rotation of the camshaft and the movement of the rocker arm are extremely stable. It becomes smoother, reduces mechanical loss, saves fuel and improves smooth operation.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は中実構造のカムシャフトの説明図、第2図は中
空構造のカムシャフトの説明図である。 特許出願人  鈴木自動車工業株式会社(ほか2名) 第1図 手続補正書(自発) 昭和61年 5月14日 1、 事件の表示 昭和61年特許願第7613号 2、 発明の名称 アルミニウム合金製カムシャフト 4、代理人 〒107 (ほか2名) 5、補正の対象 明細書の「発明の詳細な説明」の欄および図面。 6、補正の内容   別紙のとおり 補正の内容 1) 明細書、第5頁第15行の「電界あるいは無電界
」を「電解あるいは無電解」と訂正する。 2) 同、第5頁最下行のr N1−AIzOz Jの
後にr N1−P−AI20s Jを挿入する。 3) 同、第6頁第6行〜第7行のrNi−ダイヤモン
ド、 N1−P−ダイヤモンド、 Ni−Co−ダイヤ
モンド」をrNi−テフロン、 N1−P−テフロン、
 NiCo−テフロン」と訂正する。 4) 第1図を添付図面のように訂正する。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a camshaft having a solid structure, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a camshaft having a hollow structure. Patent applicant Suzuki Motor Co., Ltd. (and 2 others) Figure 1 Procedural amendment (voluntary) May 14, 1985 1. Case description 1985 Patent Application No. 7613 2. Name of the invention Made of aluminum alloy. Camshaft 4, Agent 〒107 (and 2 others) 5. "Detailed Description of the Invention" column and drawings of the specification subject to amendment. 6. Contents of the amendments Contents of the amendments as shown in the attached sheet 1) "Electric field or non-electric field" on page 5, line 15 of the specification is corrected to "electrolytic or non-electrolytic". 2) Insert r N1-P-AI20s J after r N1-AIzOz J on the bottom line of page 5. 3) "rNi-diamond, N1-P-diamond, Ni-Co-diamond" in lines 6 to 7 of page 6 of the same publication was replaced with rNi-Teflon, N1-P-Teflon,
"NiCo-Teflon," he corrected. 4) Correct Figure 1 as shown in the attached drawing.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)カムシャフトをアルミニウム合金で製作し、その
表面に分散メッキを施したことを特徴とするアルミニウ
ム合金製カムシャフト。
(1) An aluminum alloy camshaft characterized in that the camshaft is made of aluminum alloy and its surface is coated with dispersion plating.
(2)カムシャフトをアルミニウム合金鋳物で製作し、
該カムシャフト表面に対し、SiC、Al_2O_3、
Si_3N_4、ダイヤモンド等の硬質微粒子を分散材
とし、Ni、Ni−P、Ni−Co等をマトリックスと
する分散メッキを施したことを特徴とする特許請求の範
囲第1項に記載のアルミニウム合金製カムシャフト。
(2) The camshaft is made of aluminum alloy casting,
SiC, Al_2O_3,
The aluminum alloy cam according to claim 1, which is coated with dispersion plating using hard fine particles such as Si_3N_4 and diamond as a dispersion material and using Ni, Ni-P, Ni-Co, etc. as a matrix. shaft.
(3)カムシャフトをアルミニウム合金鋳物で製作し、
該カムシャフト表面に対し、BN、セリサイト、テフロ
ン等の自己潤滑性微粒子を分散材とし、Ni、Ni−P
、Ni−Co等をマトリックスとする分散メッキを施し
たことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項に記載のアル
ミニウム合金製カムシャフト。
(3) The camshaft is made of aluminum alloy casting,
The surface of the camshaft is coated with self-lubricating fine particles such as BN, sericite, and Teflon as a dispersant, and Ni, Ni-P
2. The aluminum alloy camshaft according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy camshaft is coated with dispersion plating having a matrix of , Ni-Co, or the like.
JP61007613A 1986-01-17 1986-01-17 Aluminum alloy camshaft Expired - Lifetime JP2611758B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61007613A JP2611758B2 (en) 1986-01-17 1986-01-17 Aluminum alloy camshaft

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61007613A JP2611758B2 (en) 1986-01-17 1986-01-17 Aluminum alloy camshaft

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS62165517A true JPS62165517A (en) 1987-07-22
JP2611758B2 JP2611758B2 (en) 1997-05-21

Family

ID=11670661

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61007613A Expired - Lifetime JP2611758B2 (en) 1986-01-17 1986-01-17 Aluminum alloy camshaft

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0253102U (en) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-17
JP2004183682A (en) * 2002-11-29 2004-07-02 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd Rolling sliding component and roller cam follower using the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50138406U (en) * 1974-05-04 1975-11-14
JPS5311131A (en) * 1976-07-19 1978-02-01 Suzuki Motor Co Composite alloy plating film having abrasion resistance and its production method
JPS5794599A (en) * 1980-12-05 1982-06-12 Hitachi Ltd Silver plated film and electroplating method
JPS5965663A (en) * 1982-10-04 1984-04-13 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Valve operating cam shaft of engine
JPS59133963A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-08-01 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Production of cam shaft for internal-combustion engine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50138406U (en) * 1974-05-04 1975-11-14
JPS5311131A (en) * 1976-07-19 1978-02-01 Suzuki Motor Co Composite alloy plating film having abrasion resistance and its production method
JPS5794599A (en) * 1980-12-05 1982-06-12 Hitachi Ltd Silver plated film and electroplating method
JPS5965663A (en) * 1982-10-04 1984-04-13 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Valve operating cam shaft of engine
JPS59133963A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-08-01 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Production of cam shaft for internal-combustion engine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0253102U (en) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-17
JP2004183682A (en) * 2002-11-29 2004-07-02 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd Rolling sliding component and roller cam follower using the same

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