JPS62111678A - Breaker plate for extrusion of food material and method for producing food - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable the formation of a stable and excellent fibrous texture, by using a breaker plate having temperature-controlling function in itself in place of a simple perforated plate and placing the breaker plate between an extrusion head of a food-processing extruder and a forming die. CONSTITUTION:A breaker plate 5 which is a perforated plate having large thickness along axial direction is placed between a food-processing extruder 1, 2 and a die 4. The perforated plate has a double-walled structure forming a hollow space and a group of pipe nozzles 6 are extended through the inner space along the axial direction to connect the extruder and the die. The inner space and the nozzle space are separated from each other. As a result, the breaker plate is imparted with temperature-controlling function to enable the production of a stable and excellent fibrous texture.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention provides a method for melt-extruding food materials such as vegetable proteins made from defatted soybeans or the like to obtain food products of a predetermined shape. Improvement of the structure of the breaker plate interposed between the extruder and the die, which is essential for obtaining the structure, and a manufacturing means for obtaining various new food forms by using this improved breaker plate. Regarding the provision of

(Conventional technology) When making processed foods from plant proteins made from defatted soybeans, etc.
It is extruded from a die in a molten state using an extruder, and
When obtaining food in the desired form, installing a breaker plate between the extruder and the die will orient the food molecules and obtain an extrudate with a fibrous structure, as specified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. This is a fact that has already been clarified, including research results at the Research Institute. As is known, this breaker plate is a perforated plate with a structure in which a large number of small-diameter round holes are bored in the entire surface of a flat plate with thickness in the axial direction, and the extruder outlet This method utilizes the principle that when the material in a molten state is discharged through each of these nozzles, the jar rate increases and the material molecules move in the flow direction.

(Problem that the invention attempts to solve) The above technology has the following problems.

In other words, the extruder used for extrusion processing of such food materials is
A fixed cylinder equipped with a heater or other heating source, and a screw rotor rotatably installed within the cylinder with a shear gap in order to ensure and promote melting and flow of the official material. In this type of extruder, a breaker plate made of a perforated plate is inserted at an intermediate position between the molten material discharge port and the die placed in front of the extruder, and the food material processed by the extruder is ,
Since the material passes through the nozzle hole of the breaker plate in the same temperature range as the exothermic temperature given by the extruder, the orientation may not necessarily be applied in the appropriate temperature range. On the other hand, lowering the heating temperature in the extruder for the purpose of strengthening the orientation results in the inconvenience that sufficient heating cannot be achieved to melt the material.

As a specific example, the defatted soybean protein mentioned above melts at 140°C to 170°C, but the temperature suitable for its molecular orientation is rather a lower temperature range.
This is based on the principle that as the temperature decreases, more flow resistance is applied to the molten material molecules.
In this case, a large resistance means a large shear stress, which is consistent with the above principle. Therefore, in order to have a fibrous structure by orienting the material molecules from the melt processing temperature range in the extruder to the final forming processing (die processing) of the supplied food, it is necessary to It is necessary and effective to control the temperature of the material to be different from the material temperature in the previous step, but this cannot be done with prior art extruders, perforated breaker plates, and dies.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a breaker plate disposed at an intermediate position between an extruder outlet for processing food materials and a molding die. By equipping the plate with a temperature control function rather than just a porous plate, it is possible to apply a material temperature at the orientation stage that is different from the material temperature at the extruder stage when creating a fibrous structure through molecular orientation. By using a breaker plate that is even more bulky, it has become possible to manufacture new processed foods. In the breaker plate, which is a perforated plate, the perforated plate has a double internal hollow structure to form a space, and a group of pipe-shaped nozzles is communicated with the extruder and die side by passing through the internal space in the axial direction. The breaker plate is disposed in a row in a row, and the internal space and the nozzle space are not communicated with each other. , supplying a cooling or heating medium to the internal space of the breaker plate, rapidly cooling or heating the food material passing through the pipe-shaped nozzle through the nozzle wall, and extruding it from the die; By setting the temperature of the food material passing through the pores to an optimum temperature, the purpose is to promote molecular orientation and obtain a food product with a fibrous structure. The object is to obtain a substantially noodle-shaped continuous strip food product or a bundled rod-shaped or plate-shaped continuous strip food product by directly polymerizing and bonding a plurality of the products without using a die.

(Function) According to the technical means of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
In a breaker plate 5 which is interposed and installed via an adapter 3 between a known extruder for food material processing consisting of a fixed cylinder 2 and a molding die 4, the plate 5
An inner hollow 2 formed by a plate outer shell 5a having an outer shape
As a heavy structure, the inner space surrounded by the outer shell 5a is used as a heating and cooling space 7, and a large number of pipe-shaped nozzles 6 are arranged in parallel rows across the entire surface of the plate 5, passing through this space 7 in the axial direction. By opening both ends of the nozzle holes 9 in these pipe-shaped nozzles 6 on both front and rear end surfaces of the plate outer shell 5a, they are communicated with the extruder and the die side, and the heating and cooling space 7 and the nozzle space are connected to each other. (the nozzle center hole 9 portion) are in a non-communicating relationship, and the heating and cooling space 7 is communicated with the heating and cooling medium supply/discharge pipe 8 provided on the circumferential side of the plate outer shell 5a. The following effects occur. That is, by supplying a refrigerant such as water or oil into the heating/cooling space 7 from the supply/discharge pipe 8 for cooling purposes, or by supplying a heat medium such as steam or heating oil for heating purposes, the space is A unique temperature adjustment control different from the cylinder temperature in the extruder is given to the food material (molten state) sent by the extruder side, which passes through the pipe-shaped nozzle 6 installed across the pipe nozzle 7. become. In other words, a higher temperature in the case of heating and a lower temperature in the case of cooling is applied to the food material while passing through this pipe-shaped nozzle 6 than the temperature given to the food material by extrusion processing on the extruder side, It can be sent to the die 4 side as a food material in this new controlled temperature range. This action will further produce the following action. That is, the food material heated and molten through extrusion processing in an extruder is passed through each pipe-shaped nozzle 6 of the breaker plate 5 to the die 4.
When obtaining processed foods by extrusion molding, the breaker plate 5 of the present invention has a self-temperature control means, so that it is possible to independently control the temperature of the passing material, which is different from the material temperature obtained by the extruder. Therefore, the material inside the nozzle has a large surface area, so a large heat exchange property is obtained through the pipe wall of the nozzle, and the shearing effect on the material in the breaker plate with a conventional simple perforated plate is eliminated. A larger shearing action can be applied, and the creation of a fibrous structure due to the molecular orientation mentioned above becomes reliable and easy.

In addition, when producing vegetable protein processed food with a fibrous structure using a conventional breaker plate, the temperature of the material discharged from the breaker plate is generally Because the temperature is too high to produce a product by itself, a molding die is usually provided in front of the breaker plate. This type of processed food is cooled and becomes stable at normal temperature and pressure, but in the device shown in Figure 1, the food has not yet reached the stable state described above at the outlet of the breaker plate, so die 4 is installed. are doing. Considering its structure, the breaker plate 5 of the present invention has a function as a cooling device that conventional breaker plates made of a simple perforated plate do not have, so by increasing the length of the pipe-shaped nozzle to some extent, While passing through this plate 5, the food can be cooled and kept in a stable state, and this means that the outlet at the nozzle hole 9 of each pipe-shaped nozzle 6 in the breaker plate 5 of the present invention serves as a forming die. In other words, it is possible to change the cross-sectional shape of the nozzle hole 9 of the pipe-shaped nozzle 6 by using only the extruder and the breaker plate 5, as shown in the embodiment described later, without using the molding die 4. This also results in the ability to obtain a processed food product with a continuous cross-sectional shape.

(Example) Examples of the breaker plate 5 according to the present invention and the method for manufacturing processed foods using this breaker plate 5 will be described.

Regarding the breaker plate 5 according to the present invention, the one shown in FIG. 1 is a basic embodiment, and the plate outer shell 5
a has a substantially hollow disk shape, and therefore the heating and cooling space 7 formed inside it is also a circular space, with heat resistance,
Manufactured from suitable metal materials such as corrosion resistance. The pipe-shaped nozzle 6 installed penetratingly across the space 7 in the axial direction uses a metal pipe, and both ends of the pipe are inserted and fixed to both the front and rear end surfaces of the plate outer shell 5a.
The arrangement and number of are free. A heating/cooling medium supply/discharge port tube 8.8 is fixed by welding or other means to the peripheral side of the plate outer shell 5a and is installed in communication with the internal space 7, and is used for supplying refrigerant and heating medium, although not shown. Enables switching supply from the grid.

In manufacturing and attaching the nozzle 6, it is also possible to use a metal rod-shaped body without using a metal pipe. In other words, a metal rod can be inserted and fixed (by welding or otherwise) at each nozzle position, and then a hole can be made in the center of the rod to form a pipe-shaped nozzle. In addition to cutting, electrical discharge machining can be used as the means for this hole. Can be perforated by.

When using this drilling means by electric discharge machining, the cross-sectional shape of the nozzle hole 9 is not limited to a circular cross-section, but can be polygonal such as an ellipse, triangle, or square, or a star shape, or even a slit shape. The nozzle hole 9 can be easily formed with various non-circular cross-sectional shapes, and if the nozzle hole 9 is formed into a star shape or the like, the surface area can be increased to further increase the amount of heat transfer and the temperature control effect can be increased.

Among the apparatuses used in the manufacturing method of producing processed foods by extrusion processing of food materials using the breaker plate 5 of the present invention, an embodiment using a forming die is as shown in FIG. A breaker plate 5 is sandwiched between a fastening flange 2a provided on the outer periphery of the discharge port of an extruder for food material processing using a screw rotor l and a cylinder 2, and an adapter 3, and the flange 2a and The adapter 3 is fastened and fixed, and a forming die 4 is also attached to the front surface of the adapter 3 via a fastening member 12. A guide channel 13 is provided to guide the flow.

Therefore, the food material heated and molten in the extruder is divided into each pipe-shaped nozzle 6 of the breaker plate 5,
By supplying cooling or heat medium into the heating and cooling space 7 of the breaker plate 5 through the heating and cooling medium supply/discharge pipe 8, the food material passing through the pipe-shaped nozzle 6 is
The material temperature is controlled to a target temperature different from the material temperature given by the extruder side, and the food material under this controlled temperature is passed through the die 4.
By extrusion molding through the nozzle 6, it is possible to continuously obtain processed foods with a cross-sectional shape that follows the shape of the die. By favorably promoting the molecular orientation, it is possible to obtain stable and excellent quality protein. It is advantageous to be able to convert to different temperature ranges.

Furthermore, the breaker plate 5 of the present invention is equipped with a self-temperature control function, thereby making use of the excellent feature as a cooling device, and is an embodiment of an apparatus for obtaining extruded processed food only by the breaker plate 5 without using the molding die 4. As an example, FIG. 2 can be shown as an example. That is, a plurality of breaker plates 5 having the same structure as shown in FIG. 2
a and the fastening adapter 3, and are used integrally with the fastening member 11, and at this time, the adjacent breaker plates 5.5 communicate their heating and cooling spaces 7.7 through the connecting pipe 8a as shown in the figure. In addition, supply and discharge port tubes 8 for heating and cooling medium are attached to the heating and cooling spaces 7 of the first and last breaker plates 5. Therefore, the food material heated and molten on the extruder side is diverted to the elongated pipe-shaped nozzle 6 by the plurality of breaker plates 5, and the necessary cooling process is performed within this elongated nozzle space. ,
The food material is cooled and stabilized, so that the outlet of the pipe-shaped nozzle 6 functions as a die without the need to use the die 4, and a number of approximately udon-shaped continuous strips of food are simultaneously produced as many as the number of nozzles 6. can be produced.

Such continuous striped foods can be used as is, but
A continuous strip food object (engaging body) in the form of a rod or plate is obtained by binding this with a string-like body made of the same food material and separately prepared, or by wrapping a large number of strip foods in a sheet-like thin film. It is possible.

In Fig. 1, the symbol IO indicates a heat insulating material.
This is because the temperature range on the breaker plate 5 and the heat generation temperature range on the extruder side are different, so the heat is not transferred immediately from the cylinder 2 to the plate 5 side, or from the plate 5 to the cylinder 2 side. In addition, it is attached to the end face side of the plate 5 facing the cylinder 2.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, when obtaining an extruded processed food by melting vegetable fluorescent material, a breaker plate made of a perforated plate is interposed between the extruder and the die to orient the food molecules to form a fibrous food. It is superior in that it reliably eliminates the problems caused by the difference in melting temperature and molecular orientation temperature in the conventional technology for generating Mi weave, and makes it easier to obtain a stable and excellent fibrous structure, and the breaker plate is equipped with a heating and cooling function. As a result, in the extrusion processing of various food materials, it is possible to easily control the optimum temperature for molding immediately before the die, and furthermore, it has great features and advantages in that it is possible to easily obtain the extrusion processing of foods without using a molding die. This makes it possible to enrich and improve the content of extrusion processing of food materials, and furthermore, it can greatly contribute to the development of new processed foods.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing an embodiment of the breaker plate and extrusion method according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional front view of an embodiment of the die-free extrusion method using the breaker plate. ■...Screw rotor, 2...Cylinder, 3...
Adapter, 4...Die, 5...Breaker plate,
6... Pipe-shaped nozzle, 7... Heating and cooling space, 8...
... Heating and cooling medium supply and discharge port tube, 9... Nozzle hole, 1
0...Insulation material. '49 Created by Food Industry Ext) Toshonkufking Technology Research Association

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a breaker plate that is a perforated plate installed between an extruder for food material processing and a die and has a thickness in the axial direction, the perforated plate has a double structure with an internal hollow space. a group of pipe-shaped nozzles are arranged in a row in communication with the extruder and the die side, passing through the internal space in the axial direction;
A breaker plate for extruding food materials, characterized in that the internal space and the nozzle space are not communicated with each other. 2. The breaker plate for extruding food materials according to claim 1, wherein the pipe-shaped nozzle is formed by piercing a rod-shaped object attached to the interior space by passing through the interior space to form a nozzle. 3. By drilling a rod-shaped object with a pipe-shaped nozzle transversely penetrating the internal space using electrical discharge machining, the cross-sectional shape of the nozzle hole can be made into a non-circular cross-sectional shape such as an ellipse, square, star, or slit. A breaker plate for extruding food materials according to claim 1. 4. A space is formed between the extruder for food material processing and the die by using a double structure with a perforated plate having a hollow interior, and a group of pipe-shaped nozzles are passed through the inner space in the axial direction to connect the extruder and the die. Food that passes through a pipe-shaped nozzle by interposing a breaker plate that is arranged in a line communicating with the die side and making the internal space and the nozzle space non-communicating, supplies a cooling or heating medium to the internal space, and passes through the pipe-shaped nozzle. A food manufacturing method characterized by rapidly cooling or heating a material through a nozzle pipe wall and extruding it from a die. 5. A space is formed between the extruder for food material processing and the die by using a double-walled perforated plate with an internal hollow structure, and a group of pipe-shaped nozzles are passed through the internal space in the axial direction to connect the extruder and the die. Molecule orientation is achieved by interposing breaker plates that are arranged in a line in communication with the die side and that do not communicate with the internal space and the nozzle space to bring the food material passing through the pipe-shaped nozzle to an optimal orientation temperature. A method for producing a food product, characterized in that a food product having a fibrous tissue is obtained by promoting the following. 6. A space is formed at the discharge port of an extruder for processing food materials by using a perforated plate with a double internal hollow structure, and a pipe-shaped nozzle group is communicated with the extruder by passing through the inner space in the axial direction. A plurality of breaker plates are arranged in rows and the internal space and the nozzle space are not communicated with each other, and are arranged in a superimposed manner in the axial direction, thereby producing a continuous strip food product in the shape of approximately udon noodles without using a die. A food manufacturing method characterized by obtaining. 7. Claim 6, characterized in that a continuous strip food object in the shape of a rod or plate is obtained by binding a continuous strip food object in the shape of approximately udon noodles with a string or a thin film made of a separately supplied homogeneous food material. Food manufacturing method described in section.