JPS62110591A - Anchor - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field] The present invention relates to an anchor with a reinforced pawl and two shanks that are substantially V-shaped when viewed from their end faces and fixed to the pawl.

[Conventional technology]

Conventional anchors of this type, due to the arrangement of their legs, impeded the flow of soil and therefore the penetration of the anchor into the ground, and were therefore unable to make any contribution to the embedment capacity of the anchor.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Besides factors such as its weight and its surface area,
Given that the primary factor determining an anchor's performance is its penetration or embedment depth, deeply penetrating anchors provide the best holding power.

[Means and effects for solving the problems] In the above-mentioned type of anchor, according to the invention, the two shanks are
Positioned to provide the best retention force.

In the device of the invention, the two shank legs are of plate or free-standing construction and are arranged substantially parallel or slightly enlarged in a section parallel to the claw body, so that when the anchor penetrates the ground, The flow slides through the shank tunnel formed as described above, and the claw has a stabilizer with a slightly negative angle of incidence with respect to the ground and/or a stabilizer with a slightly positive angle of incidence with respect to the ground. A tip is provided to allow the anchor to be sloped into a stable penetration path to achieve a large depth of implantation.

Therefore, in the anchor of the present invention, the two shanks can greatly contribute to the embedment depth of the anchor, and whereas conventionally the holding force of 50 times the weight of the anchor was considered to be exceptionally high, It can produce maximum holding forces as high as 100 to 200 times its own weight.

In a preferred embodiment of the anchor of the invention, the aft stabilizer comprises a pair of substantially delta-shaped ground slides;
The tip also has a forward stabilizer formed by a digging adapter to prevent deep digging during forward and lateral tilting and sliding.

Another advantage of embodiments of the invention is that the shank foot is mounted on the shank mounting box on the pawl so that the angle can be adjusted from 30° to 50° with respect to the pawl body for rock and soft ground respectively, It is double walled with reinforcing webs. Due to this sturdy structure, the anchor of the present invention has great strength and can withstand the extremely large holding forces generated by the anchor, and the auxiliary pawl is attached between the shank legs and attached by connecting said legs. Creates a target holding area.

In a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary pawl is of a stationary structure that produces a negative lift when penetrating the ground, and the auxiliary pawl between the shank legs at the top of the shank is closed front and rear below the anchor shackle eye, where the flow of soil is prevented. There is a streamline passing through the tunnel passage and soil blockage does not occur at the V-shaped top where the shank legs meet. In this respect, the slight rearward widening of the shank leg, as well as the vertical widening between the auxiliary pawls, causes the soil particles to break down into more and smaller particles when compacted, occupying a larger space. This helps the soil to pass through more smoothly, as it then tends to expand somewhat, creating a phenomenon referred to as "secondary expansion under compression."

2. In order to cut passages through particularly hard and rocky ground, at least one pre-cutter is provided on the tip and/or side of the claw and/or on each shank leg for a sawing action.

Another improvement according to the invention is the hole ring and
- In a device for an anchor, which is pulled up and raised by a pulling line called a chaser line, the anchor is paid out along the anchor line in another chaser line, and is captured by the anchor.

The use of such a chaser with a chaser line is
preferred over the use of pennants as the pennant line remains connected to the pennant eye and must be marked for its recovery by a buoy constituting an obstruction at sea and beacon provided to avoid the burden of collision and damage; On the other hand, the chaser and the chaser line are raised only when the anchor is raised and therefore no longer constitutes a permanent obstruction in the sea lane.

The chaser is pulled up until it hits the ground equipment being pulled up, attached thereto, and then the anchor is gently pulled in a direction substantially opposite to the anchor line and in the same direction as this is done to the pennant. I'm drawn to it.

However, the chaser can function when pulling up the anchor.

In said action by the chaser, it is useful for the anchor to position the tips of its claws in the desired orientation, and according to the invention there is a means for the chaser to place the anchor on its collision part and rotate it, whereupon the anchor is When it is hoisted onto the ship, its toes are rotated away from the ship to prevent damage, and in particular the anchor is rotated and rests on the ground with its toes facing upwards, whereupon the anchor is pulled into the ground. It will be done.

Said new means in its preferred embodiment is formed into an arcuate member in which the anchor line eye is connected to the anchor shank and forms a strike part for the chaser when placed on the strike part, and when the chaser is pulled, the anchor moves along its axis. It will rotate around 180G and sit in the arch of the arc member.

For appropriate rotational action, the arcuate element is preferably integrated with the anchor line or is formed as a separate element, in particular in the form of a harp shackle, said harp shackle being formed in the anchor line eye. It is connected by a pin with an eye of the anchor shank to a second (harp shackle) eye provided at the opposite end, and in this embodiment the arcuate member is formed with at least one impingement cam on its rear side. It is preferable that the chaser be placed on the

It will be appreciated that the device described here can also be used in other respects, in particular by kinematic reversal of the means as provided.

Also, with the use of a chaser, the fixation of the chaser becomes important, and as another device for that purpose, a device installed near the fairlead is provided with two pairs of catcher levers for catching the chaser at the hinge pintle. One of the levers is longer than the other of the levers so that the chaser is free to rotate from the chain at the front hinge pintle. In a preferred embodiment, the chasers are connected by flat pieces.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to illustrative embodiments as shown in the drawings, which should not be considered as limiting.

〔Example〕

The anchor 1 as shown in the drawings comprises a pawl 2 and two shanks 3 attached to the pawl 2.

The pawl 2 is a substantially delta-shaped hollow double-walled structure having a top wall 4 and a bottom wall 5 joined to form side walls 6 and 7 and a pawl tip 8 and reinforced by webs 9.

The rear end of the pawl 2 is cut at 10, and a rear stabilizer is formed by a pair of delta-type sliding bodies 11.

Attached to the pawl tip 8 is a front stabilizer 12, preferably in the form of a digging adapter as shown in the drawings.

The rear and front stabilizers 11 and 12 cooperate to hold the anchor 1 with its pawls 2 in a stable position on the ground and prevent it from tipping back and forth and sideways.

The front stabilizer 12 has a forward and downwardly sloped shape such that it has a positive angle of incidence with respect to the ground, and the pawl cooperates with said negative angle of incidence with respect to the ground represented by the rear stabilizer to create a negative lift. The claw 2 is tilted so that it penetrates deeply into the ground and increases the holding power of the anchor 1.

The shank 3 forms a tunnel passage 13 between the legs 14 which are substantially parallel or slightly flared rearwardly and upwardly and are preferably joined by a stationary catch pawl 15;
The auxiliary pawl 15 is substantially parallel to the main body of the pawl 2 or extends slightly rearward and upwardly therefrom, and the soil is connected to the two shanks 3.
The two shanks 3 penetrate to a considerable depth as the anchor 1 slides through the downwardly curved passageway, where the anchor 1 is 100 to 200 times the weight of the anchor. It also helps to generate the best holding power.

As schematically shown, the stationary auxiliary pawl 15 is suitable for producing a negative lift, further increasing the deep penetration and high retention force of the anchor of the present invention.

Said slight rearward widening of the shank leg 14 and the auxiliary pawl 15 promotes a smooth flow of soil through the tunnel passage 13 and when the soil particles are compacted, they become more and more fine particles, where the soil becomes compacted. It expands at the bottom and its compression disappears in the direction of soil flow, ie backwards and upwards.

The uppermost auxiliary pawl 15 on the shank top is closed forward and above below the anchor shackle eye 16 to streamline flow into the uppermost tunnel passage 13 and the V in the shank top line 18 where the shank leg 14 meets. Mold corner 17
prevent blockage in

As shown, the shank leg 14 is secured to a shank mounting box 19 that stands upright on the pawl 2. The shank legs 14 are bolted to the box 19 and are adjustable in angle from 30° to 50″ relative to rock and soft ground, respectively.

The rear portion of this structure is arcuate at 20 around the main anchor shank bolt or kingpin 21 as shown.

Furthermore, the anchor 1 is equipped with at least one pre-cutter 22 formed on the sides 6, 7 and/or on its tip 8 and/or on each shank leg 14, suitable for cutting a passage through the ground. Another feature of the anchor device of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, is that the anchor 101 is single-sided, so that the method of rotating the anchor disclosed below in the desired position is useful.

As offshore operating drill rigs become increasingly large in size, mooring forces and anchor weights increase significantly.

As a result, anchors are extremely difficult to handle by work vessels or supply vessels repairing such drill rigs. The demand for anchors with ever-increasing effectiveness has continued steadily over the past decade. Unilaterally actuated anchors have recently been introduced which increase effectiveness by a factor of more than four times and such anchor processing knowledge has followed closely.

The anchor is typically housed on the plywood of the drill rig in an anchor rack provided with the rig, with the tip of the claw pointing inboard.

On a supply ship, the anchor is pulled on board by a pennant wire with the rear facing forward, so that the tip of the claw does not damage the ship. When working the anchor on one side, it is necessary to rotate the anchor with its claw tips outwards when hoisting on board to avoid damage. This also means that when transporting a drill rig on a ship, it is necessary to place the anchor on a platform with the claw tips facing inward.

As mentioned above, especially in deep water, chasers are often used because pennant lines are heavier and more susceptible to damage.

In the drawings, the anchor is designated 101 and its claw is designated 10.
2, the chaser is shown at 103 and the chaser line is shown at 104. Reference numeral 105 indicates a drill rig, and reference numeral 106 indicates a work vessel or supply vessel for processing the drill rig 105 .

In order to rotate the anchor 101, when it is raised on board the work vessel 106, according to the invention, the aft cam 108
A banana-shaped member 107 is used, on which a chaser 103 is placed, and an anchor 10 is placed on the chaser line 104.
1, it collides and rotates the entire banana 107 and anchor 101. When rotating, the chaser 103 seats on the inner arch 109 of the banana shaped member 107.

The principle is that since a force P is applied by the chaser 103 between positions A and B as shown in FIG. do.

anchor line 111 and chaser line 1 respectively
The path of action by the anchor 110 depending from 04 is
This is shown in Figures 5a and 5b.

FIG. 8 shows in more detail the shape of the banana or arcuate members 107, which, as shown in FIG. 8, have a substantially semi-circular cross section.

The arcuate member 107 disclosed herein has an anchor line eye 113 at its outer end 112 and can be secured to an anchor shank 114.

Furthermore, a link 115 in the form of a peer eye can be used, which can be pivoted at will.

Conversely, this chaser device also serves to rotate the anchor on the ground when hoisting. The anchor shank may include an impact portion for the chaser.

Also, by using a chaser, fixing the fairlead side becomes important. Originally the chaser was simply hooked at the knee which was fixed to the fairlead.

As chains are set more and more steeply than the first 45", it has become important to create a hook for the chaser. Often the chaser is forgotten and left in contact with the chain when the chain is laid for several meters or is retrieved. The result is damage.

Figures 11a-c show the chaser 103 and the fairlead 117.
A new device 116 is shown for fixing the chaser 103 on the side of the chaser line 104, the fixing device 116 comprising two pairs of catcher levers C, D for catching the chaser 103 at the hinge pintles A, B when it is pulled up on the chaser line 104. ing. Because lever C is longer than lever B, chaser 103 is free to rotate from chain 111 and from fairlead 117 in the hinge pintles A, B. A collision portion E is attached to the fairlead 117 to limit movement of the chaser.

Preferably, the catchers C, D are connected to the flat piece F.

FIG. 12 shows the fairlead 117' and 116
Another embodiment of the chaser fan, designated 118', is shown in which the chaser fan 7 engages around an anchor chain 111', to which is further hinged a lever D', which is pivoted into the loading position by an actuating line 118'. It is worn.

As shown, a chaser line 104' is connected to the chaser 103'.

The levers C' and D' have fitting recesses 119' and 120 that receive the upper and lower ends, respectively, of the chaser 103'.
', the lowermost end of which is covered on the inside with a rubber material as indicated at 121'.

Each drawing in FIGS. 12a to 12d shows a one-lever type C/.

12e is an end view, and FIG. 12f is a sectional view through the chaser 103' along line E--E in FIG. 12c.

The entire structure can rotate around the nest sheave 117'.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The device of the present invention has two shank legs of a plate or a stationary structure, which are arranged so as to be substantially parallel or slightly enlarged in a cross section parallel to the mold body, so that when the anchor penetrates the ground, the soil flow by sliding it through a tunnel formed by the shank and by providing the claw with a stabilizer with a slightly negative angle of incidence with respect to the ground and/or a tip with a slightly positive angle of incidence with respect to the ground. , the anchor can be angled into a stable penetration path to achieve a large implantation depth. Therefore, the anchor of the present invention can generate a much higher maximum holding force than conventional anchors.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view diagrammatically showing the outer shape of a Nishank anchor according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of another embodiment of the anchor of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of the anchor of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view diagrammatically showing the action of a chaser of a single-sided acting anchor, where the ability to position the anchor is particularly important. Figures 5a and 5b are diagrammatic side views showing the anchor suspended and rotated by the anchor line and chaser, respectively. FIG. 6 is a side view of the anchor in an unfavorable overturned position and equipped with a novel device rotated by a chaser to pull the tip of the claw to the ground; FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the anchor being rotated by the chaser to avoid damage when being hoisted on board. 8 and 8a show an arcuate anchor member according to the invention configured as a harp shackle. Figures 9 and 9a are diagrams showing acting forces. Figures 10 and 10a are views of a shackle with a peer eye. 11a-c are explanatory diagrams showing a method of fixing a chaser near a fairlead. Figures 12a-f show another embodiment. 1...Anchor, 2...Claw, 3...Shank, 8
...Claw tip, 11... Rear stabilizer, 13...
-Shank leg, 14...shank tunnel. Applicant's agent Sato-OFIG, 1" Fl6.3 Fl (3,8FIG, 8 A F[G, 11a FIG."bFIG, LLC procedure 11 formal writing format) % expression % 1, Indication of case 1985 Patent Application No. 227898 2, Title of Invention Anchor - 3, Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant Rob, Pan, Deng, Haak 4, Agent (zip code 100) 1988 November 5, 1988 (Shipping date November 25, 1986) 6. Power of attorney subject to amendment, details

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An anchor comprising a reinforced pawl (2) and two shank (3) substantially V-shaped when viewed from the end face fixed on the pawl, the anchor is provided with two shank legs (14) of plate-like or airfoil-like structure and substantially parallel or slightly enlarged rearward in a cross section parallel to the body of the claw (2); When the anchor (1) penetrates the ground, the soil flow passes through the shank tunnel (13) with friction, and the pawl (2) has a rear stabilizer with a slightly negative angle of incidence with respect to the ground and and/or an anchor with a tip with a slightly positive angle of incidence with respect to the ground, which allows the anchor (1) to be tilted to create a greater depth of embedment in a stable penetration path. 2. Anchor according to claim 1, wherein the rear stabilizer comprises a pair of substantially delta-shaped ground slides (11). 3. An anchor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the front end (8) has a front stabilizer formed by a digging adapter. 4. The shank leg (14) is a shank mounting box (9) with a claw.
) for rock and soft ground, respectively.
An anchor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the claw (2) is adjustable in angle from 30° to 50° with respect to the main body. 5. Anchor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pawl (2) is double-walled (4, 5) and provided with a reinforcing web (9). 6. Anchor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which reinforcing claws (15) are attached between the shank legs (14). 7. Anchor according to claim 6, comprising an airfoil structure that produces a negative lift when the reinforcing pawl (15) penetrates the ground. 8. The anchor according to claim 7, wherein the auxiliary pawl (15) on the top of the shank between the shank legs (14) is closed from front to back below the anchor shackle eye (16). 9. At least one pre-cutter (22) is provided at the tip (8) and/or at the side (6, 7) and/or at each shank leg (14) of the pawl (2), claim 1 The anchor according to any one of Items 8 to 8. 10. A dragline called a haul ring or chaser (10
3) is lifted and pulled up by the anchor (101) along the anchor line (111) in another chaser line (104), and the anchor (
101), the anchor device being attached to the
Anchoring device, characterized in that devices (107-109) are provided for rotating the anchor (101) by means of a chaser (103) located on its impact portion (108). 11. Claim 1, characterized in that the anchor line eye (113) is connected to the anchor shank (114) and formed in an arc-shaped member (107) having a collision part (108) for the chaser (103). The device according to item 10. 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the arcuate member (107) has a substantially semicircular cross-section. 13, the arc-shaped member (107) is connected to the anchor shank (114)
11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that it is integrated with: ). 14, the arcuate member (107) is formed as a separate member;
12. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that it is especially designed in the form of a harp shackle. 15. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a device (115) in the form of a rotatable peer eye is provided. 16. At the hinge pintles (A, B), attach the chaser (1
Equipped with two pairs of catch levers for catching 03),
One of the levers (C) is longer than the other lever (D) so that the chaser holds the chain (
111) A chaser device fixed to a fairlead that rotates freely. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the catchers (C, D) are connected by a flat piece (F). 18. A device for pulling up an anchor by means of a tow line, called a hall ring or chaser, which is provided around the anchor line and actuated by another hall or chaser line, and which runs over a nelt sheave, called a fairlead, when the anchor line pulls it up. , Fairlead (117, 117') is Chaser (103; 103')
It is connected to a lever device (C, D; C', D') provided as a fan (116; 116'), which device allows the anchor to be moved onto the anchor line (111; 111') by means of a chaser connected to it. 1. A lifting device for an anchor, characterized in that when the anchor is pulled up, the fan allows the fairlead to pass freely through the chaser and is loaded in a free state. 19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the chaser (103, 103') acts in the stowed state as an anchor line guide. 20. Device according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that a chaser (103, 103') is provided as a stopper. 21, at least one fan lever (C, D; C'
, D') are fitted into the recesses (1) of the chaser parts (A, B).
19', 120'), the chaser (1
03, 103') and then lock the fairlead (117
, 117'), according to any one of claims 18 to 20. 22. Two pairs of fan levers (C, D; C', D') are provided with hinge rods fixed to the fairleads (117, 117'), and chasers (103, 103') are provided at their free ends. Lug recess (119', 120')
and the two protrusions or pins (A, B) provided on the chaser.
22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that it fits in position ). 23. Claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the upper lever (C) is longer than the lower lever (D)
The equipment described in section. 24. Device according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the levers (C, D) are connected by a link (F). 25, characterized in that the upper lever (D') is hook-shaped and engages under the upper end of the chaser (103') for loading;
Apparatus according to claim 21. 26. Claim 18, characterized in that the lower end of the chaser (103, 103') is covered with a rubber material (121') for running on the inner side on the anchor line (111, 111'). 26. The apparatus according to any one of items 25 to 25.