JPS6188827A - Culture of plant - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

Purpose of invention

[Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method that provides water necessary for plant growth through evaporation and condensation, and also provides self-sufficiency of water used for applying liquid fertilizer and spraying agricultural chemicals.

[Prior Art] It goes without saying that in order to carry out agriculture in dry lands such as deserts and wastelands, it is necessary to take measures for irrigation. However, even if irrigation water is available, if the water contains a non-negligible amount of soluble salts, the salts remaining after evaporation will accumulate in the soil and be harmful. Therefore, there is a need for a plant cultivation technique that does not cause such salt damage problems. In addition, cultivation is carried out to promote the growth of plants and other objects by using heated wastewater generated naturally or as a result of various industrial activities, but this heated wastewater contains substances harmful to plants. For example, if it contains heavy metals, it cannot be used for cultivation. Therefore, there is also a desire for a technique for cultivating plants while avoiding the influence of these harmful substances. This objective is achieved by not directly applying the supplied water to the cultivation soil, but by allowing it to evaporate and transfer into the cultivation soil as water vapor, and then providing fresh water obtained by condensing there. The following techniques have been used to achieve this. (a) A room with a sloping roof made of a material that allows sunlight to pass through is filled with seawater, which is exposed to solar heat and generates water vapor.The rising water vapor is cooled on the inner surface of the roof, and the condensed water droplets are deposited on the roof. Let it flow down the slope and collect it. (b) Methods of utilizing fresh water obtained by carrying out industrial processes, for example, when operating a refrigerated air dryer, air contacts the cooling tubes and fins of a heat exchanger, water vapor in the air is cooled and condensed water is is obtained. The above method <a> has been implemented because the structure of the device is simple, but it is inefficient, and methods (and b) are not effective unless special conditions such as high temperature and high humidity are met. Applicants had previously invented and immediately proposed the following plant cultivation method as a technique with higher efficiency than method (a). That is, from the bottom to the top, the plant cultivation bed consists of a horizontally permeable layer, a water-permeable layer, a capillary rise barrier layer, and a cultivation soil mainly composed of sand, and the surface is covered with a transpiration prevention sheet. Supplying water to the layer through which the water can flow, evaporating water and raising water vapor into the cultivation soil while adjusting the groundwater level so that the water does not exceed the capillary rise 'a fault and reaching the cultivation soil; Therefore, there is a method of condensing water vapor to keep the cultivation soil moist, giving plants the moisture they need (
(Japanese Patent Application No. 58-52274). Furthermore, in this method, by providing a cooling means in the layer of the above-mentioned culture soil, we developed and proposed a method that can ensure self-sufficiency of fresh water necessary for plant growth and control the supply amount (particularly (Gan Sho 59-145666). In this invention, when the amount of water condensed in the cultivation soil is large, part of it rises due to capillary action and is useful for plant growth, but part of it flows down. If this flowing water can be recovered, it will be possible to obtain the complete water necessary for plant growth, and also to be self-sufficient in the water used for applying liquid fertilizers and spraying pesticides. Problem to be Solved by the Invention 1 The purpose of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned invention to collect and recover condensed water to secure water necessary for cultivating plants, and also to prevent the application of liquid fertilizers and pesticides. The object of the present invention is to provide a method of cultivating plants that can be self-sufficient even with the water used for spraying. Structure of the Invention [Means for Solving the Problems] The plant cultivation method of the present invention, as shown in FIG. The layer consists of a capillary rise blocking layer and a layer of cultivated soil, such as sand, with a cooling means provided within the layer of the cultivated soil, a water collection means provided within the capillary rise blocked layer, and a surface layer of the cultivated soil. Hot water is supplied to the water-flowable layer of the plant cultivation bed covered with a transpiration prevention sheet, and water is evaporated while adjusting the groundwater level so that the water does not exceed the capillary rise blocking layer and reach the cultivation soil. The method is characterized in that the water vapor is raised, and the water vapor is cooled and condensed by the cooling means provided in the layer of the soil, and the resulting condensed water is collected and recovered by the water collecting means and used. Another aspect of the plant cultivation method of the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 3, adjacent to the plant cultivation bed, from the bottom to the top,
Consisting of a horizontally permeable layer, a layer through which water can flow, and a space above it, a non-cultivation part having a cooling means Jj and a water collection means below it is provided in the space, and the layer through which water can flow is It is characterized in that hot water is supplied to avoid evaporation of moisture, the rising water vapor is cooled by the cooling means, and the condensed water is collected and recovered by the water collecting means for use.

[Function] In the 1st case shown in Figure 1, water vapor evaporated from hot water is actively cooled down by cooling means provided within the layer of cultivation soil.
4- By doing so, it quickly condenses into water in the cultivation soil and keeps the cultivation soil moist. Water flowing down from the top of the cultivation drips onto the water collection means, flows along the slope, and is collected in an external water collection tank. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, by actively cooling the cultivation soil with a cooling means provided within the cultivation soil layer, water vapor quickly condenses on the lower surface of the water collection means located directly below the cultivation soil. This water flows along the slope of the water collection means and is collected in an external water collection tank. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the water vapor evaporated from the hot water in the non-cultivation area is forcibly cooled by the cooling means, so it is efficiently condensed and collected by the water collecting means, and the water vapor evaporates from the hot water in the non-cultivated area. flows and is collected externally. In this non-cultivated area, there are fewer factors that affect the heat balance than in the cultivated area, so the desired amount of condensed water can be easily obtained by adjusting the temperature of the hot water, the temperature and flow rate of the refrigerant, etc. [Embodiment] As for the cooling means for condensing the rising water vapor, all the cooling means described in the above-mentioned invention can be applied. That is, as the cooling means, it is preferable to use a straight pipe through which the refrigerant passes, or a pipe formed into a coil shape or a hairpin shape as required. Of course, depending on what you are distributing, you should use materials that can withstand it. For example, if you are distributing seawater, you should use materials that are resistant to seawater.
Or use a metal vibrator or plastic pipe with a seawater-resistant lining. Adding fins to increase the heat transfer area is even more effective. As the refrigerant to be passed through the cooling pipe, if water, seawater, underground can water, etc., whose temperature is lower than the temperature of the hot water supplied to the layer through which water can flow, can be used, it may be used. It is also advantageous to use pad-circulated water of the pad-and-fan method, which is used as one of the methods for cooling and humidifying high-temperature, low-humidity air. Organic cooling media such as Freon gas can also be used if the power to drive the compressor is available. The larger the temperature difference between the refrigerant and the hot water side, the better.
A temperature as low as 0°C is sufficient. In some cases, it may be advantageous if there is a vaporization facility such as ULPGSLNG nearby, and its cold energy can be used. The findings already disclosed also apply to other factors. To be sure, the cultivation soil used in the present invention is soil with a particle size distribution that allows water vapor to easily pass through, for example, soil mainly composed of sand. Artificial sand such as synthetic vermiculite or resin fibers may also be used. The hot water source may be naturally occurring or industrially produced hot water. A typical example is warm seawater. From the point of view of plant growth, the temperature of hot water in the cultivation area is 3.
A temperature of about 0 to 38°C is appropriate, but it is most effective to use hot water at a temperature of 35°C or higher, preferably close to 40°C, for the non-cultivated area. If the temperature is insufficient, but some kind of heat source is easily available, use it to warm up the area slightly. If the project is to be carried out under climatic conditions where the ground temperature is significantly different between daytime and nighttime, it is recommended to take advantage of this fact.
For example, as a hot water source, seawater that has been heated by flowing over land heated by solar heat can be used, and as cooling water, seawater that has been cooled by flowing over cold land at night can be used as a cooling water source. One or both of them can be stored in a suitable storage tank and used. The transpiration prevention sheet that covers the surface refers to the plastic sheet used in agriculture under the name mulch sheet. Also, as already disclosed, the horizontally permeable layer and the layer through which water can flow are formed by using concrete or plastic buried above or below ground, and the capillary rise blocking layer is formed by grating and above the layer. It may also be a space under the cultivation area maintained by a cloth, non-woven fabric, or water vapor permeable sheet spread over the cultivation area. The layer through which water can flow and the capillary rise blocking layer can be a layer of gravel, and a cloth or nonwoven fabric can be laid thereon to hold the cultivation soil, as in the invention disclosed in Sagi. One of the means for collecting condensed water flowing down, which is a feature of the present invention, is to keep the cultivation soil moist with condensed water and to collect the condensed water flowing down from above the cultivation, as shown in Fig. 1. It is made of a material that is suitable for this purpose and has the function of collecting water droplets dripping from above while not preventing the rise of water vapor evaporated from hot water. For example, a perforated plate tray is used. It is also best to have the edge of the hole shallowly bent upwards to prevent the water in the root soil from falling back into the warm water. Alternatively, the perforated plate may be formed in a corrugated manner so that condensed water flows through the valleys and holes are provided at or near the peaks to allow water vapor to pass through. The water droplets are allowed to flow down the slope.Another collection means has a structure suitable for collecting most of the generated condensed water outside the system.For example, as shown in Fig. 2, This is a structure in which a board with no openings is provided in contact with and directly below the cultivation area, and the water condensed on the lower surface of this plate flows down along the slope. Another aspect of the present invention is that the condensed water is A plant cultivation method that collects condensed water is generally a preferred embodiment when the present invention is applied to greenhouses or similar equipment. In the example shown in Figure 3, condensed water is collected only in the non-cultivated area. However, of course, it may also be carried out at the same time in the cultivation section.It goes without saying that if there is no need to make the hot water temperature different between the cultivation section and the non-cultivation section, No partitions are necessary. The space above the layer through which water can flow may be filled in its upper part with a filling, in which case the cooling means may be located within the layer of packing. Third. Although the figure shows a closed space, it does not necessarily have to be sealed, and even if the upper part is removed, the purpose can be fully achieved.In addition to the above, the present invention also includes: There are various embodiments. For example, in the embodiment of FIG.
can be made of a plate without openings as shown in Fig. 2. In that case, the cooling pipe 7 is formed integrally with the water collecting means 9 so that cooling N1 can be carried out efficiently. It's good to do that.

【Example】

The plant cultivation method of the present invention was carried out in equipment with a configuration not shown in FIG. This equipment uses a cultivation bed made of acrylic resin with a diameter of 150 mm to create a cultivation bed, and the capillary rise 'a
There is an air layer 3 of 50 to 100 ml as a fault, and on top of this there is a cultivation mainly made of sand held by a porous plate 4 ± 5
A cooling pipe 7 is installed at the bottom of the cultivation soil layer, a perforated plate tray 9 as a water collection means is installed at an angle at the top of the air layer 3, and a collection tank 11 is installed outside. The surface was covered with a transpiration prevention sheet 6. Salt water adjusted to the same salinity as seawater was placed in the bottom of the container, and its temperature was controlled at 35°C using a heater 8. A perforated plate was placed with a space layer of 30 to 801111 separated from the warm saline water surface, and the average particle size for cultivation with a thickness of 100 m1 was 0.2.
A layer of river sand of mm was maintained. 4mm inner diameter at the bottom of the sand layer
A stainless steel cooling pipe with an outer diameter of 5+nn+ and a length of 1300 mm was buried, and tap water at 14.9° C. was flowed as cooling water. A stainless steel perforated plate with a large number of holes each having a diameter of 5 mm was installed at an angle above the space layer. Ten tomato seedlings were planted on the top of the sand layer. The temperature of the lower layer of cultivation soil 5 was 20.5 to 21°C.
The amount of condensed water collected was 44 In1/day. If all the evaporated water were to condense in zero, the amount of water would be about 80 d/day. Water mother consumed by tomatoes is 8O-44=36d/day
The water consumption ω of the tomato seedlings is 2. OR/
Trt/day, which is a reasonable value for the amount of transpiration of vegetables. Therefore, in this example, in addition to providing the amount of water required by tomato seedlings, fresh water equivalent to 1.2 times that amount was separately collected. Normally, the amount of water transpired from plants is about 30 to 50% of the amount of transpiration from plants. As the seedlings grow, the amount of transpiration will increase, and the amount of condensed water that can be collected will decrease accordingly, but in this example, the amount of externally collected water is sufficient. Effects of the Invention According to the method of the present invention, in addition to enjoying all the benefits of the above-disclosed invention, the water necessary for cultivating plants can be obtained from water that is unsuitable for the growth of plants, and the water can be enriched. can be easily controlled by adjusting the hot water temperature, refrigerant temperature and flow rate, heat transfer area of cooling pipes, etc., and excess water can be recovered and used as miscellaneous water for cultivation. can do. The structure of the equipment is simple, the construction cost is low, and there are almost no operational problems.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cultivation bed showing a typical embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a similar cross-sectional view to illustrate another aspect of the invention. FIG. 3 illustrates a further aspect of the present invention.
It is a sectional view of the cultivation bed which has a non-cultivation part adjacently. 1... Horizontal permeable layer 2... Water channel layer 3... Air layer (capillary rise blocking layer) 4... Grating, nonwoven fabric 5... River sand (cultivation soil) 6... Transpiration prevention sheet (mulch) 7...Cooling pipe 8...Heating coil 9...Water collection tray 10...Plant 11...Water collection tank 12...Non-cultivation tank 13...Cultivation Tank patent applicant: JGC Corporation
Sunaken Co., Ltd. Company Agent Patent Attorney
Souo SugaFigure 1Figure 2

Claims (10)

[Claims] (1) In order from the bottom to the top, it consists of a horizontally permeable layer, a layer through which water can flow, a layer that blocks capillary rise, and a layer of cultivation soil, and a cooling means is provided within the layer of cultivation soil to block capillary rise. A water collection means is provided in the layer, and hot water is supplied to the water-permeable layer of the plant cultivation bed in which the surface of the cultivation soil is covered with a transpiration prevention sheet, and the hot water exceeds the capillary rise blocking layer. The water vapor is raised by evaporating the water while adjusting the groundwater level so that it does not reach the cultivation soil layer, and the water vapor is cooled and condensed by a cooling means provided in the cultivation soil layer, and the resulting condensed water is collected by the water collection. A method of cultivating plants characterized by collecting, recovering, and using the method. (2) Plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the capillary rise blocking layer is a space under the cultivation soil held by a grating and a cloth, nonwoven fabric, or water vapor permeable sheet spread thereon. Law. (3) As a water collection means, a tray made of a perforated plate is installed at an angle, and water vapor rises into the cultivation soil through the holes of the perforated plate, where it is cooled and condensed to keep the cultivation soil in a moist state. 2. The method of cultivating plants according to claim 1, wherein the collected water is allowed to flow down a slope and collected. (4) A patent claim in which, as a water collecting means, a plate without an opening is provided in contact with the cultivation soil and tilted directly below it, and the water condensed and collected on the lower surface of this plate is caused to flow down along the slope and collected. The plant cultivation method according to item 1. (5) The cooling means is a pipe through which a refrigerant flows, and the refrigerant is selected from water, seawater, underground water, and an organic heat medium at a temperature lower than the temperature of the leaked water. Plant cultivation method described in. (6) The horizontally permeable layer and the layer through which water can flow are formed by concrete or plastic gutters installed on the ground or buried underground, Claim 1 Plant cultivation method described in Section. (7) The method for cultivating plants according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is carried out by supplying hot water generated naturally or as industrial waste. (8) The method for cultivating plants according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is carried out under weather conditions in which the soil temperature is significantly different between daytime and nighttime. (9) Any one of claims 1 to 6 that is implemented by supplying seawater, underground water, or seawater or underground water heated as necessary using solar heat. Plant cultivation methods described. (10) Adjacent to the plant cultivation bed, in order from the bottom to the top, there is a horizontal permeable layer, a water-permeable layer, and a space above the layer, with a cooling means in the space and a water trap below the layer. providing a collecting means, supplying hot water to the water-flowable layer to evaporate water, cooling the rising water vapor by the cooling means, collecting and recovering condensed water by the water collecting means; A plant cultivation method characterized by the use of