JPS6186145A - Machining center for longitudinal and horizontal use - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To work the side surface and the upper surface of a cube by allowing a main spindle head to be equipped with a turning shaft having an index head tilted by 45 deg. and installing a work index table onto a table. CONSTITUTION:The spindle head of a longitudinal type machining center is used as index head 5 in the main-spindle direction which turns by an inclination angle of 45 deg. with respect to a main spindle 7. When this apparatus is used as longitudinal type machining center, the main spindle 7 is set vertical by indexing the index head 5 in the main-spindle direction from the transverse direction to the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the all surface of a plate- shaped work Wa is worked from the upper surface similarly in case of the ordinary longitudinal machining center. While, when this apparatus is used as transverse machining center, the main spindle 7 is set horizontal by turning a turning head 6 by 180 deg. around a turning shaft 9. Therefore, when a box-shaped work Wb is worked, four faces of the box-shaped work Wb can be worked by using a work indexing table 2a.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a machining center, and is particularly used for machining small parts on a table in large numbers at one time (multi-piece machining), and for machining plate-shaped workpieces. This machining center is constructed to be able to be manufactured at low cost, and has both the functions of a vertical machining center, which is effective for machining workpieces, and the functions of a horizontal machining center, which is mainly used for processing one box-shaped workpiece.

Conventional Technology Among horizontal machining centers for machining box objects, there is already a so-called five-sided machining center that automatically changes the direction of the main axis from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction to enable machining of four sides and the top surface. Further, there are already existing vertical and horizontal machining centers that have both a vertical main shaft and a horizontal main shaft, and each of them performs machining in both directions. The purpose of the former is multi-faceted box processing, and it does not have the function of machining multiple short and small parts or machining large-area plates, while the latter has two main shafts and their drive system. This makes the machine expensive. Therefore, there is no vertical machining center or horizontal machining center that can economically process the workpiece regardless of its shape.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention For this reason, in the past, it was necessary to install vertical machining centers to process small parts and flat plate parts, and horizontal machining centers to process box parts, each in a number corresponding to the amount of work. If the ratio of workload between the workpieces to be machined in the font style and the workpieces to be machined in the horizontal style changes, one will have to be newly installed and the other will have to be left idle. When installing a machine, it was often difficult to decide which type to choose.

Means and Function for Solving the Problems The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional art. The head and its rotation axis are set on a plane formed by two of the main axis direction and the work table longitudinal movement axis and the main shaft vertical movement axis, which have the longest movement distance among the three movement axes of the work table. Furthermore, a work index table is provided on the work table, integrally or separately therewith, whose pivot axis is the vertical direction of the main spindle, thereby making it possible to provide an economical dual-use vertical machining center.

The present invention will be explained in detail below based on the drawings.

In order to create an economical and low-cost configuration of a vertical machining center, the first step is to process the machining center.

The goal is to create a machine that is as small as possible compared to the size of the work being used, and to adopt a structure that is easy to use. In machines that perform machining by changing one main axis to both vertical and horizontal directions, the travel distance of two of the three basic axes of the machining center, x, y, and z, is expanded compared to that of conventional vertical and horizontal types. There is a principle that must be followed.

Obtaining a machine configuration that minimizes the amount of expansion will result in a machine that has the minimum volume or weight relative to the size of the workpiece, and will be the most economical. From this, we established one main axis.

When considering a structure for machining in both lateral directions, the main axis direction indexing head is of a type that has a simple structure and requires less expansion of the moving axis, and rotates at an inclination angle of 45° with respect to the main axis. That is, FIG. 2 shows three examples of the main axis direction indexing head.

The amount of expansion A of the moving axis is a, b, and c, with a being the largest b
is the smallest. However, b requires an arc-shaped guide surface, and in order to avoid interference between the workpiece and the guide surface, the guide surface needs to be a large-diameter arc, resulting in an index head with a complicated structure and large volume. The entire supporting machine ends up being the largest of the champions. Therefore, the main axis direction indexing head is the best structure for Plan C to achieve the purpose. Furthermore, in a vertical machining center, as shown in Figure 1, there is a table longitudinal movement axis (X-axis), a lateral movement axis (Y-axis) perpendicular to the X-axis on the horizontal plane, and a vertical movement axis of the main shaft (Z-axis). Among the three directions (axis), the amount of movement of the table in the longitudinal direction (X-axis) is the largest in order to process a long plate-shaped workpiece. Normally, the difference between the amount of movement of this X-axis and the amount of movement of the lateral movement axis (Y-axis) that is perpendicular to the X-axis on the horizontal plane is greater than the value of A in Figure 2 (C), that is, the tool length. Therefore, if the pivot axis of the index head in the main axis direction is set within the X-Z plane, the amount of movement must be expanded to make it both vertical and horizontal, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. Of the two axes (X and Z axes), even if the X axis is not enlarged and one side is the amount of movement of the Y axis, the side and top surfaces of the cube can be machined over the entire area.

EXAMPLE Next, the specific structure of the present invention will be explained by taking as an example the case where the present invention is applied to a vertical machining center, which is the most widely used vertical machining center. FIG. 1 is an overall diagram of the structure. The basic vertical machining center is a system in which a work table 2 is driven in both the X and Y directions on a bed 1.

The work table 2 has a work index table 2a integrally formed within a flat table Zb, which can perform angle measurements divided into at least every 90 degrees. It is a combination table in which small parts and plate-like workpieces can be placed at arbitrary positions across the work index table 2a and the flanto beams 2b on both sides. still.

In the illustrated embodiment, the work table 2 has a built-in work index table 2a, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this. In short, it is sufficient that the workpiece can be indexed on the worktable 2 using the vertical direction of the spindle as the pivot axis. It is also possible to perform box processing in the horizontal direction, and to perform vertical processing on a flat table by removing the work index table, which is a separate unit. On the other hand, the column 3 fixed to the bed 1 has its vertical guide surface 3a.
The spindle head 4 including the spindle direction index head 5 is guided in the vertical direction Z along. As shown in FIG. 5, the main axis direction index head 5 has a rotating head 6 attached to the main axis head 4 so as to be able to freely rotate along an inclined plane of 45 degrees, and a main axis 7 attached to the rotating head 6 is connected to a drive shaft 8. It is connected to a connected rotating shaft 9 having an inclination angle of 45 degrees via a bevel gear, and is configured to be able to rotate around the connected rotating shaft 9 in a meshed state. It is placed on a flat surface. In Fig. 1, lO is the tool magazine.

11 is a tool changer, and 12 is an operation panel.

Next, the operation will be explained based on FIG.

First, when this machine is used as a vertical machining center, the main axis direction index head 5 is indexed from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, and the main axis 7 is indexed from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction.
make it vertical. As a result, as shown in the figure, the entire surface of the plate-like workpiece Wa can be machined from above, or multiple pieces can be machined, as in a normal vertical machining center.

On the other hand, when used as a horizontal machining center, the index head 5 in the main axis direction is indexed in the vertical direction when performing top surface machining, and in the lateral direction when performing side surface machining. That is, as shown in FIG. 6(b), the turning head 6 is rotated 180'' around the turning shaft 9, and the main shaft 7 is made horizontal.

When processing a box-shaped workpiece wb using this method.

By using the work index table 2a, it is possible to process four sides of the box-shaped work wb, and moreover, the amount of movement necessary for indexing from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction is sufficiently secured in the X-axis direction. be.

Effects of the Invention The present invention changes the main spindle head of an existing vertical machining center to one with a 45° tilt index head whose rotation axis lies within the X-Z plane, and adds a work index table on the table to achieve Y-axis movement. The vertical machining center has the function of machining the side and top surfaces of a cube whose side length is equal to the amount. Since the above-mentioned functions are added without expanding the movement amount of at least the X and Y axes among the three axes, a vertical machining center can be obtained at minimum cost. Also.

Adopting this device, which has both vertical and horizontal functions, reduces machine operation and programming work by handling the same model, and reduces maintenance.

There will be many benefits, such as the standardization of breakdown repair work.

Although the present invention has been described as an example of an embodiment of a vertical machining center which is most widely used, it is not limited to the above example. Of course, the present invention is also applicable to column travel type and gate type vertical machining centers.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a skeletal explanatory diagram showing various embodiments of the index head in the main axis direction, Fig. 3 is a front view illustrating the amount of movement of the X-axis and Z-axis required for processing a workpiece, and Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the amount of movement required for processing a workpiece. FIG. 5 is a partially omitted front view showing an embodiment of the index head in the main axis direction, and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the operating state of the embodiment of the present invention. 1; Bed 2; Work table 3; Column 3a; Vertical guide surface 4; Spindle head 5; Spindle index head 6; Swivel head 7; Spindle 8; Drive shaft 9; Swivel axis T; Tool Wa; plate-shaped work Wb; box-shaped work 2a; work index table 2b; flat table Fig. 3 Fig. 4

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] In a vertical machining center, a main shaft rotates while gripping a cutting tool, and a main axis direction indexing head turns at an angle of inclination of 45°, the rotation axis of which is the longer of the three moving axes of the main shaft and work table. A work table longitudinal movement axis with a moving distance and a main spindle vertical movement axis.
1. A vertical and horizontal machining center, which is mounted so as to be positioned on a plane formed by the above, and has a work index table integrally or separately formed on the work table, the work index table having a rotation axis in the vertical direction of a main shaft.