JPS6167033A - Generation of movie image - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Background of the Invention In the early stages of development, experiments were conducted to determine the ideal smoke for each of the variables. Probably Thomas Edison ('rhomasEdison)
He was perhaps the first to pioneer this, and the 65-frame format he designed remains the most widely used theatrical film format around the world today. Edison adopted a frame rate of 48 frames per second, which was developed to eliminate the annoying flickering phenomenon. However, this speed was later improved by Louis and August Lumière, who discovered that each individual frame could be irradiated multiple times to eliminate flickering.
stLumisr) was abandoned by the industry as a result of its achievements. In order to achieve the 48 exposures per second rate, they were able to avoid the annoying flicker while saving the weight of film materials.
Since the rate is up to 1 per second, instead, the valley top is irradiated 6 times at a time (2 times at medium frequency to provide 6 short bursts)
We adopted a frame rate of 1. A one minute valley two-time irradiation shift at a rate of one minute per second will provide a continuous and flicker-free image (at least when the II&Il quality is not too bad).

When sound was added to movies at the end of the 1920s, the speed of the film was increased even more so that the recording band of the film could pass through the playback head fast enough to reproduce good sound quality. It became necessary to do something. Therefore, a method was adopted as standard in which each frame was irradiated twice up to 24 frames per second, in order to obtain 48 irradiations per second. This top speed has continued since then to this day, and is 41 for appetizers.
It maintains the world-wide status of S4 in 1st place.

Since the adoption of the 24-frame-per-second, two-time irradiation standard, which may have been a considerable development effort to improve the negative effects of light, relatively little work has been published regarding frame speed. In fact, some of the recent articles that have taken up this issue have suggested that consideration should be given to adopting instead a 6-shot system at a frame rate of less than 24 frames per second. There is. One thing to note here is that sometimes, in scientific terms, one thing is that when a projectile crashes at the moment of impact, or when a bird's flight technique is honed, there is an emergency on the camera side. Sometimes a faster frame rate is used, in which case the resulting film is not captured at the original camera's frame rate, but at a much slower frame rate, such as 18 or 24 frames per second. It is to be projected.

A considerable amount of development has been carried out to correct the negative aspects of video. The graininess of the film limits its resolution. Was the thing developed by Ezoson a so-called voyeuristic spectacle (the n1ckelodson)?
Ei 11 of this light era! ! In I, the roughness of the particles is;
C. It probably wouldn't have been a problem. Even in the early theatrical productions, the problem of the founder's accurate alignment of the pillow tops for the first time in a long while, and other technical limitations, were probably far greater problems than the limitations of film resolution. However, as camera and projector technology improved, screens that were sometimes 1/2 inch wider were used, and the limitation of film N4 image resolution became an important issue. A wide, single-layer screen that provided an even larger horizontal viewing angle was recognized early on as desirable as it would further improve the sense of realism, but this would lead to higher horizontal magnification, and as a result This makes the coarseness of the particles more noticeable.

In the early 1950s, 70° film was developed to increase resolution. In the late 1950s, VistaVision was introduced for wide screens.
A technology called ViSioΩ was developed, but instead of using standard 65" film,
Each piece was rotated 90 degrees compared to a regular tray. Therefore, the standard film width is 20.96
Fake (0,825 inches) Height 11. ．． 53#III(0
, 446 inches), while Vista Guiso = +y has vl, gf 122.10 m1 (0,870
A top with a width of 37.54 cm (1,470 inches) (this 1.470 inch dimension is ω in the pitching direction of the film) was used. In the 1950s, a technology called Cinerama was developed, in which six projectors using 65 film were used to project high-quality images onto a very wide screen. Ta. Today, 70 IIK film sometimes has an area of 48.571 per frame.
111 (1,912 inches)
, 870 inches) is sometimes used as a mass entertainment movie film. Although these technologies provide clear and large images in commercial theaters, it would be desirable to create an even greater sense of darkness.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a method for creating a short film that gives viewers an impression of realism and life will be described.

A movie is shot on a single roll of film, developed, and projected. And at least 'l 5 Q 4Jl (0
, 56 million inches) over an image area of 401 line pairs per mil.
This film has a sufficient resolution of 7 to PJ4 to produce a sharp contrast that exceeds that of
Also, each top has a sufficient size, and the camera lens has a sufficient speed x m i. And at least this level of resolution exists in the image of each frame projected on the screen by applying the magnification factor.
lamberts) is produced. The frame speed during photography and projection is at least 50 frames per second. By combining this high resolution of 4oKa pairs per frame multiplied by the projection magnification, the illumination level on the screen that exceeds 167 degrees Lambert, and the frame rate of at least 50K per second. , viewers who see the projected version of the Hozuka family will be given a sense of reality and a sense of Hozuka as a living being.

The novel features of the invention are carried out with particularity in the claims. The present invention will be better understood by reading the following description with reference to the drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIGS. 1 and 2 show a conventional commercial projector 10 capable of projecting images onto a screen 12. FIG. The projector is the original JIX14 and film 18.
and a lens 20 for focusing the image onto a screen. As shown in FIG.
An intermittent film supply mechanism 22 such as ss types)
swivels film frame 18F to the projection position directly behind the lens and holds it there for a short period of time.

During a certain period of time when the film frames are being sent to the projection position,
As shown in FIG. 6, a shutter 26 filters the light.

The system currently used in theaters places 24 new film frames into the projection position every second. However, in order to prevent the flickering phenomenon that is visible to the naked eye,
Each new frame is opened by the shutter 26 to stop its frame projection position! H1 hour time luminescence, as a result, the piece is presented twice or twice "irradiated"
This is a method that has been found to eliminate to some extent the flickering phenomenon that is visible to the naked eye.

Although some development has been done to improve the quality of movies, these efforts have been primarily concerned with adjusting the size and orientation of the film frames. As mentioned earlier, much of what has been done to improve image quality is the use of larger films to reduce the effects of Vc film grain for projection onto large wide screens. The use of spinning top size has been widely used.

The present invention provides a method for creating movie images that give viewers a realistic and lively impression. , is something that has never been surpassed in Bō@Sashitama, even when large-format film was used and i&sho equipment was used to shoot and project the movie film. Wait, lfIwi
The resolution and frame size of the film are the best ever! ! Compatible with the use of screen illumination levels comparable to those used in theaters.
When combined with the use of extremely high frame speeds of at least 5 frames per second, viewers are able to enjoy the high illumination levels of high-quality movie films, even at high-end #J theaters. It was discovered that one could experience a far more subdued sense of the reality of Karasudo, something that could not be obtained even when it was projected on screen.

The resolution of the images projected on large and expensive theater screens can be adjusted in several different ways. One construction consists of line pairs that can be decoded per 1jIIE (1i
ne pair). SMPTE (5oci
ety of Motion Pictures and
Telsvision Engineers) is 1i
80 rFM pairs per oi is defined as a standard. This °
The standard model is a single target and one shift, and has rarely been created to date. Figure 5 shows lines 40 and 4 separated by a distance and with a space 42 between them.
1 pair is shown. If the distance is '/B01111 and two lines are separated, the resolution is at least 980 line pairs per section. Height is 11.56m
For a standard 55-frame film frame (0,446 inches), if the resolution is 80 pairs per frame, 90 CI in the direction of the film frame! It is good to solve the pair by 1 Bo. If the resolution is 940 line pairs per thread, 450 fj in the height direction of the film frame! It is possible to resolve the pair.

Another definition of resolution or inherent information content or information storage capacity is based on the idea that each line and the space between them can be thought of as a sequence of pixels, e.g. It is based on Assuming that the resolution is the same in both the vertical and horizontal directions, the information storage capacity is proportional to the area of a film frame. ``Standard 1 65 film frame is a duck or 22.1
0 deception (0,825 inches) 1% upside down 11.35111 (
0,446 inches). When the image resolution is 80 pairs per 1 u, the capacity per frame of the above-mentioned film is 13.7 million lll# series. In reality, if Professional Photography
Since a resolution of approximately 40 pairs per frame is achieved, it can be said that one frame of 65-frame film has a capacity of approximately 3.4 million pixels. Color films with fine carbon particles that can withstand resolutions exceeding 80 line pairs per 1R'IL are already in practical use.

A projection lens with high resolution can project the image of a frame onto a screen so that it has approximately the same resolution or pixel capacity on the screen as a frame of film has. That is, with a standard 65-frame film having a resolution of 40 line pairs per frame, it is possible to image 450 line pairs in the height direction of the projected image.

As mentioned above, the information storage capacity of one frame of film is 1 frame.
This is determined by both performance and resolution.

The following table compares the sizes of films currently available for film production.

Ray Yura 8 4.4 5,5 14
．． 2 super 8 ho 5.5 4.0 21.
51 (Sil+ 9.7 7.5 70
．． 5 Glue standard, 55mN 21 11.5
25770 familiar 48.6 22.1 1070
Imatucus 70 Ugu 69.6 48.5 557
Almost all home movies are made in Super 8# format, but the area of one frame of that film is less than one-tenth of the frame area of the "standard" 65 format. Therefore, even if a professional movie photographer's camera and technique are applied to an mm movie, the amount of information per frame! Il:,
It is much smaller than that of 65g14i1J, the smallest size used in the in-theatrical entertainment film industry.

The brightness of the image projected on the screen is determined by the foot effect that occurs when the transparent (unexposed) part of the film is projected.
It is expressed as Lambert and is measured in 10,000 units. At the average commercial movie theater, the production range is 8 Foot Lambert to 107-).
One shift of the Lambertian engine is expected, or a theater of about 127 centimeter Lambert size is expected. 8M
Although PTE recommends a value of about 13.57-T Lambert, this has not been achieved in reality. ANSI
(American National 5tanda
rds In5tituts), the illuminance is 16±27
- It is said that the brightness should not exceed the level of 200 cm, otherwise the flickering phenomenon will become noticeable.

The brightness of the screen that is actually perceived by the eye is determined by the luminous flux or intensity of light irradiated onto the screen and the reflection properties of the screen. We used a Hurley Superglow screen with a gain of 2 (the matte white ring was set at 1.7) to get the best brightness for the shellfish images. 80% light reflection, and height approx. 5.0
5 m (10 ft), -approx. 5.49-L (18
Considering a relatively small theater screen of 157-ft Lambert, even in a relatively small theater (199.1 lumens per unit of illuminance (i 5.5 lumens
per 5quars foot) approximately 640
A luminous flux of 0 lumen is required. To exceed 13.57-t Lambert would require a luminous flux of over 3700 lumens.

If high-quality commercial-sized film of at least the standard 65-frame size or larger and expert techniques are used to achieve a resolution of more than 40 line pairs per frame, each frame will be
．． Production quality movies with an information storage capacity exceeding 4 megapixels can be obtained. When this film is developed and projected using a daytime theater projector equipped with a good projection lens, the resolution of the image on the screen is F1 of the film frame.
4 It depends only on the image v. On top of this resolution is a level of illumination approaching or exceeding the recommended 1st shift of 13.5 foot-lamberts, and an accompanying frame rate of 24 frames per second, which is standard for commercial use. Sometimes, the bright and clear bark 11! J is obtained. However, according to the present invention, in addition to using such higher resolution and higher illuminance, at least 50
It has been discovered that an unusual phenomenon occurs when the tops are photographed and projected in such a way that the tops are facing each other.

When viewing images obtained in this way, a shaman has a much lower impression than he would have if all other conditions were the same, except for the slow frame rate, say 24 frames per second. It gives a lively impression, full of a strong sense of reality.

Of course, the image of the projected image must be present, but what derives the sense of reality of Rr that the applicant obtained is not the information book itself that is projected on the screen per unit time. 56 per bird? I created and projected a movie at a frame rate of 60 frames per second using a 70 frame resolution (107 (1!'') per frame) with a resolution of iM pairs. Compared to the impression of freshness and freshness that it gives, Imax format (Imax format)
) (567013 per frame)”, m-sho 24 frames)
The impression created by the same film produced by IMAX was not as impressive as that of the former, even though it had more coverage and the amount of film used. For example, if the standard number of pixels per frame of 65ax is 3.4 million, then at 70 pixels, the number of pixels per frame is 15
．． 4,000,000 elements, or 948.6 million elements per frame on IMAX. At a speed of 60 frames per second, 70 frames gives 92,460,000 elements per second, whereas in the case of IMAX, at a speed of 24 frames per second, 1,449 million elements per second are given.
The element is given. Even when the 70711 frames at 70 frames per second, a better sense of realism can be obtained than at 24 frames per second on IMAX.

If you gradually increase the frame speed from 50 frames per second,
[ilI's award is gradually becoming more and more, but about 7 per second
There seems to be a point around the second frame where even if you increase the frame speed any further, you won't be able to see any more noticeable Sada. I trapped 52 simulators in order to determine the viewer's reaction to the individual frame speeds.
L? What was done by the hands of VC of a completely unrelated company, which may be due to physical exhaustion? In this actual situation, movies of exactly the same scene were made at six frame speeds of 24.53, 48.60.66 and 72 frames per second, and each film was It was sent to the Four Gorges Province in the same frame as when it was created. The Ministry of Examination's opinion was that the overall quality of the video was 72 frames per second, and that the frame rate increased as the speed increased, but the unconscious reaction that occurred in the skin made this point even clearer. - It was shown in

For example, the impression of realism and liveliness that can be obtained by adopting a high frame rate of 60 frames per second is either a projected image or a 3.4 frame rate per frame.
This only occurs when the light is as sharp and bright as when using a film of more than 1,000,000 wood and an illumination level of at least 16 foot lamberts or higher. If the film capacity and brightness ρ) are much lower than these levels, even if you use a frame speed of 50 frames per second or higher, you will not get the impression that Satoshi is full of life. : It would be nice. In addition, photography and projection must be done at a professional level, and the film must be exposed evenly under bright sunlight, and the lens must be It is necessary that the settings be made to produce extremely clear images during both shooting and projection. For home-use movies made in Shintai's 8 Cranes or Super 8 format, it would be impossible to achieve all of these conditions at the same time. In Super 8 format, the uIi value of a single frame is only less than '/1o of that of standard 65-segment format. Even if the image clarity is at a professional level, such as a resolution of 40 pixels per inch,
The capacity of one Super 8-size frame is approximately 0.5 million liters, 111
It is only 1 tree, which is about 710 times more than the one used in the Intermediate & II field system (65 scales).

In addition, even if you divide the amount of shadows and development into projection, home movies receive more awards than professional theaters, so it is said that there is an even bigger specialty in the shell of the projected image. become.

'1 Lllllt's e@ is projected on a small screen one by one, and therefore each pitch is spread over a narrow area of a small screen.The size of the film frame probably doesn't matter. It is thought that this is because even the most popular movies are projected on different sized screens in different theaters. However, the voyeur will only be able to see the image 1' when he is positioned far enough away from the screen to see all or most of the screen itself or at least the entirety of it. This allows you to see the screen correctly. Figure 4 shows a small theater with an aspect ratio of 1.
A small screen 110 of 85 (1.8511f) is shown in the figure, and in this theater the seats are self-aligned on the back of a rectangular TFO 112 so that they can overlook the width of the screen. The most aggressive seating area is bounded by the ideal viewing area 114, where the distance from the screen extends between W/2 and 1'/2w. A dog-sized screen 120 with a width of 2@ and a width of T is provided in the thick-sized one. The seats are typically arranged in a rectangular area 122, or the ideal rectangular area 124 extends from a distance of 77''T/2 to 11/2T from the screen.

Point 1 located directly in front of the physical appearance ranges 114 and 124
In No. 26, the width of the screen corresponds to an angle of about 60°. Most viewers are reluctant to sit even closer to the screen than this position, or because they are unable to see the full extent of the screen without moving their head up and down. Wide-angle film was developed to enhance entertainment by providing images that extend to the periphery of the viewer's field of view, but even in this case, the main part of the image It should be noted that is always placed near the center of the screen.

In this way, the present invention creates a realm of entertainment that gives political observers a far more realistic and vivid impression than anything that the audience has been exposed to up until now. This provides a method for This is because while filming and projecting movie footage, the film frame is required to provide an image with high resolution to those seated in the desired seating area. , and is projected at a level of illumination comparable to the standard for theatrical movies, which is at least 1% brighter, and at the same time, shooting and projecting are carried out at a frame rate of at least 50 frames per second. This will be realized for the first time. Each frame has an information storage capacity of 1
The resolution is super sharp and the resolution is at least 250B (
0.56 square inches).

This provides a storage capacity of over 93.4 million pixels per frame, and at least this capacity is also applied to the images projected on the screen. (Applicant used 70 deception on the file 'J-,
561 pairs per pair was taken as the minimum standard for resolution). The irradiance level is at least 13.57-t-Lambert. If you use this as a base and indulge in the continuous rotation of at least 5 frames per second, you will get an extraordinarily lively impression of the sharpness and realism of this image. The applicant has found that Of course, it is commonplace to make duplicate films from the original film and project these duplicate films on a screen, and therefore, in the description of exposing and projecting a film, it is also necessary to project a copy of the original film. is also included.

Although only some embodiments of the present invention are described and illustrated herein, it is obvious that modifications and variations thereof will readily occur to those skilled in the art, and therefore, the scope of the claims. I hope that it will be judged as including such five methods of alteration and falsification7.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is 1 of the American system! ! i! FIG. 1 is a partial vertical view and a partial RXS view of the knee system. Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of the system shown in Figure 1. Figure 6 is the same as Figure 2, except that it shows the US-based system at a moment a little later than Figure 2. Figure 4 shows a plan view of a commercial movie theater. 10...Movie projector, 12...Screen, 14...Light source, 16...Lens,
18...Film, 18F mountain film frame 20...Lens, 22 mountain intermittent film supply 4
11.24-°° sprocket, 26... shutter, 4υ... line 41... line, 42...
...space, 43...pixels, 44...pixels,
45... Pixel, 110... Screen, 112 mountain rectangular surface, 114... Ideal air adjustment range, 12o... Screen, 122... Rectangular surface, 124... Ideal balance, 126 ···point.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) As a method of creating a movie image that causes even stronger physiological sensations in the viewer, individual film frames self-aligned along the longitudinal direction of a strip-shaped photosensitive film, To print an image at a predetermined frame rate, the film is exposed through a camera lens, and the film is passed through a screen while being fed at the same frame rate at which the film strip was exposed. The exposure and projection methods described above include 40 line pairs per mil.
imeter) and a frame area of at least 230 square millimeters or more;
16.5 food lamberts (1
6.5 foot lamberts), and the constant frame rate as described above is from 50 frames per second to 72 frames per second. (2) In the method described in claim 1, the projection method includes a method in which the amount of light transmitted through each frame of the film is 3.
exceeding 700 lumens, and the screen is at least 3.048 m (10 ft) high and 5.48 m wide.
6 m (18 ft) or more in size, and the luminous flux density projected onto the screen is at least 215.3 lumens per square meter (215.3 lumens per square meter) for a completely transparent top.
20 lumens per square foot) or more. (3) By the method described in claim 1, each frame of the film is at least 11.33 mm (0.44 mm)
6 inches) and a width larger than the height. (4) Using a movie film that is exactly the same as the original film, made at a predetermined constant frame speed, this method creates a movie image that produces a stronger physiological response to the Ferris wheel, and the film is passed through the film. , and includes projecting a strip of film identical to the original film onto the screen at the predetermined frame rate mentioned above, including irradiating light onto the screen through a projection lens; The amount of light transmitted through the film includes being sufficient to present an illumination level in excess of 18 foot lamberts at the center of the screen for a completely transparent frame, and including that the amount of light transmitted through the film is sufficient to present an illumination level in excess of 18 foot lamberts at the center of the screen for a completely transparent frame, and each has sufficient resolution, the film material has sufficient grain fineness, and the size of each frame is 900 line pairs in either direction of the width and height of the film frame.
) and its image on a screen, and includes a predetermined frame rate as described above ranging from 50 frames per second to 72 frames per second. How to make. (5) A video production method according to claim 4, in which the frame speed is up to 60 frames per second.