JPS6163812A - Focusing state detecting element structure of camera - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a detecting element structure for detecting always precise focusing state by arranging an adjusting means for forming the image of light flux projected from a photographing lens of a camera optically precisely on the same position as the focal surface of the camera on the photodetecting surface of a photoelectric converter. CONSTITUTION:Light flux projected from the photographing lens of the camera is led to the photodetecting surface of an AE unit 159 uniting a focus device provided with the photoelectric converter through a quick return mirror 153 to focus the light flux. A position fine adjustment screw 166 is formed as the adjusting means for allowing the photodetecting surface of the unit 159 to hold an optically precise position, i.e. precise distance and angle, from a proposed focal surface th state of the unit 159 is held in the optical path of the photographing lens. Thus, a structure allowing the focusing state detecting element of the camera to execute always precise operation is obtained.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention is the focal point of the camera! Mi, that is, the focus adjustment state yE
In order to detect , the focus state detection that also maintains f, K
Regarding the f structure. Conventionally, when it comes to holding a photoelectric converter terminal f- for a detection device that detects the focusing state of a photographic lens of a camera, the higher the detection accuracy of such a detection device, the higher the detection accuracy. It is necessary to adjust the position t relative to the constant focal plane to +I fIK. For example, in such a light conversion, the light receiving surface of f is t foot heat:: A
trli! On the other hand, when the light is tilted to 1, part of the plurality of charge conversion elements is further away from the P fixed focal plane, and part is closer to the planned focal plane, resulting in an IEFll focal plane. Since the in-focus state cannot be detected, it takes about 7 J? to accurately detect the in-focus state.
had to be carried out accurately, but in the past, sufficient consideration had not been given to this point. Therefore, the present invention provides (1) a method for photographing with a camera; -Multiple photoelectric fls for detecting the matching condition! ! ! The objective is to provide an adjustment means for adjusting the light receiving surface of I and I in the focus state detection element structure that holds the element f-, and to make the adjustment of m to 11j. Hereinafter, the uninvented details will be explained according to the drawings. Figure 1; (Figures 12 and 3 are 42 Detailed Explanation of the Invention fJ, and IF, the origin of the change in sharpness of the image of r and t) 6 °, declension (the second diagram of ξ to explain the change of quarter 41, ξ,, Figure 1 is a general optical 2
The resultant 1 degree shape φ of Y is a small ten figure, and the object's angle is &I, 5" by the optical system l, it is imaged in the vicinity of ■fixed focus] n12, In a), there are also 11 images behind the planned focal plane (this is a so-called rear bin state, and at the planned focal plane, the images are 1 & 2).
) is f constant4. V- When the image is correctly focused on the intention, the image becomes clear and is in a so-called in-focus state. In the same figure (C), an image was formed in the...j direction of the planned focal plane. This is the so-called front bin-like image 1, and as in the case of l', a), there is (・) on the two planned focal planes.
The image becomes 1μ in size. Examples of objects and rotational object images?
#0' for one change! Figure 2 shows the diagram ('
a) is an object with white lines on a black background, and the image state of this object in the imaging properties shown in Fig. 1 (', a) (', b) l', c) is j, I! ; respectively in Figure 2 +'b)t,'c)+
:d), 1. - Figure 3 is a diagram showing the illuminance of the image of the object in Figure 0'12 at r/fixed focus 1 plane 1,
I)! 1, 8 in lI <b), +. )
1 ml, Yawao 1ml Figure f'al, t', b),
The illuminance of the image in the imaging state jli of f', , c) is reduced, 0') The X direction in Figure 3 corresponds to the X direction shown in Figure 2 (a). There is. Figure 4 is based on L, Kikibono Optics, v:t. Figure 3, like i! ! Illuminance 4+
3 is referred to as time-series electric furnace No. 1 5 and is referred to as hardening. )
41 Examples are CCD and CID. Output from BBD or Natodai Auto type sensor□
FIG. The image sensor includes, for example, a CCD, which has N floating PN junctions in the photosensitive section and reads out signal charges generated in the photosensitive section, and serves as a four-phase analog shift resistor, and 1-4@; As an example, consider one constructed of soft electrodes that facilitates the transfer of I;iE loads to a shift register. This image session sensor 4 has shift 1
1I: Signal pulse SP to pole and clock pulse for analog shift/nonuta transfer φ1゜ψ2 φ1 υψ
4. By applying the output 81 and Ichikawa's reset pulse R5, signals are taken out from the output end of the image sensor in a column-wise manner. Electricity (Phrase 5 is the 11'1...7 column of N bits after adding the left pulse SP (is output as No. 11, this is the current shift from the left pulse SP of the l cycle song) ° Lunu 1 At the time of 'L, +t; No. 1 electricity generated and accumulated in the photosensitive area
r, and the time interval during which these successive 1iii V nft no "ruses are acquired is j7.X, and the product l111. FIG. An example is ■, a Hinoki-style diagram, and ``: A. Changes in the imaging state of horse j, IQ, and 4I in the case of working and short-term intentions as shown in Figure 3 are shown using the L image sensor. Imitating the image formation shape φ in the electric T1, the method of sensitively detecting the brightness during use and increasing or decreasing it is shown in Figure 1-0), and the imaging optical y% i is ( The light-receiving parts are arranged at a constant focal plane at Z x sec.D1'J!
At the moving part, +ff! Assume that Although not shown in the figure, it is assumed that an image of an object as shown in FIG. 2 1', a) is formed on or near the light-receiving surface of the image bone sensor 4. The image sensor 4 is supplied with the left pulse signal 1f7 by the driver 6.
Lock parnu φl for reset harnu/υ transfer. rt2. ct3. As six examples in which φ4 is added, the object shown in FIG. 2(a) was imaged on the light-receiving surface of the image sensor in a vague state. Figure 6 1', a) /
We will explain the operation of Kukata Δ for the state of T. An image signal having various illuminance properties 41 is taken out from the image sensor 4 as S column 4''+ as shown in FIG. 6(b). FIG. 6(b) to l', The horizontal axes of the figure in g) both indicate the time axis, and the vertical axis indicates the arbitrarily intermediate ``Tunkiyama force.'' What is present is a +1'l flow component due to the dark current of the image sensor.The output from the image sensor, -4, is [time I + 1 - ko n hira] ・Mechanized by delay 7 Z. +1 ``l *shi thousand times, total extension j, j is 7; The output from the image 7 processor mechanically connected to the iMtU circuit is 5 inches.
,'inc)l &++j, ++ fj';
, , a detailed configuration example of an n-hit delay circuit.
〆, do. Figure 6+' c ') Noge・4te7+,su4
No. 11 can't use the same figure (b) and the roundabout (, -;
The signal shown by the solid line is the first output of X, which is a 2-input power that is 6 or 6, which reduces the signal received by 4 in the n-hit delay circuit, as shown in Figure 6 (d). times (1, issue is , l continues, (
-τ It is mechanically sent to the absolute value circuit 9 and converted to f into a signal as shown in FIG. 6Ie). 1. Detailed configuration example of the Senshu circuit.
The i, 7 and jll outputs described later are 1. Ki no Zetsu χ・11
Through 11 circuits, 11, 1. ', Xi is replaced in order to prevent the book ll1 numerator 〆1 from being canceled out by the negative a, -1 or the i' Zl during the subsequent integration.M! 2 pairs (The output of the 1/1 circuit 9 is mechanically transferred to the Kan-7 conversion circuit i'y, to. For the detailed structure and example of the sword conversion circuit, please refer to the following.) ξ5. The output of the comma exchange circuit 10 is as shown in Figure 6 (f). River, here, etc., 4 invention C is a person-like characteristic, and this causes I, No. 1 level, pyu, 1-
A thousand, the power of Mizuke, will be done. Output of comma conversion circuit 10. The signal enters the integrator 11 and is integrated, resulting in J+
11'/) value is determined by the root circuit 12.
For a specific example of the configuration of the integral and υ0-root circuits, see Figure 6 ( The /ls voltage Vs shown in 'g) or the normal light brightness at that time is determined.In this way, the image forming state 8 detection circuit of this example 7. 1lHE for sensor output
Take the X of the multiplied one and the one without the delay, and
! ! ! For +i, extract the outline of the image and repeat the outline 1 time.
Gamma conversion? 'l, the higher the clarity, the more it is emphasized. υ゛ and spread this over the entire measurement field of view 109. By integrating -III ;i view〒? It is possible to sensitively detect the brightness of the image over the entire area. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing five specific examples of the configuration of the n-hit delay circuit 7.
The image signals from the four image processors shown in FIG. 6(b) are mechanically inputted to the input terminal 14. ．． 15 is 1 hint/
/ In the luck circuit, n pieces are connected to the canucate h "1", and n
Delay the hit h text, j, l If;
li+', ,return'; 1IIF, from the power amplifier connected to resistor R, is mechanically connected to the negative input terminal A of the X-movement 7 knob 8; A1-1 in Figure 6 ('d) is output. P
l. P2 is added to the l hit 8 extension circuit. Figure j9 shows the above-mentioned one-hit delay v
A practical example of lIIlvf, υ, the same open circuit signal 1
This is a signal waveform diagram that reduces f so that bits are reached. 8th
As shown in the figure, it is PI. By applying P2 at the timing shown in FIG.
One hit of No. 71 can be realized. That is, the circuits from the terminal end 17 to the point 18 and from the point 18 to the output end 19 are each configured as a well-known nozzle-route circuit, and the mechanical end 17 is equipped with an image processor as shown in FIG. 9 (', a). When the time series signal from 4 is added,
As shown in FIG. 9(b), the output of the point 18 by the Sunblink Parnu P1 generates a signal 11 of "V-hit" as shown in FIG.
By? &! The LR circuit generates signals like (', c) once, i.e., f', a in the same figure.
) and r'llll: 1 hit d signal, which is output to the output terminal 19. 1O and 11 respectively show specific configuration examples of the P and value circuits and their output characteristics, and the signal applied to the mechanical end 20 of the circuit in FIG. It is converted into an absolute value, and is outputted from the output end 21 as an 11th sign according to the characteristics shown in FIG. 11, regardless of the sign of the mechanical signal. Figures 12 and 13 are examples of the gamma conversion circuit 10 using a Top unit, and show the flock tire club L of the East circuit and its output characteristics; 22 is the mechanical end of the Ton unit; 23 is the 1
At the output terminal of -1 and As a result, an output signal amplified linearly by the JI is obtained. Figures 1414 and 15 show the well-known fold 1. Figure 16 shows the approximate circuit and the output characteristics of the same circuit:
ts t 7 Hy5 is a mirror circuit configuration of the integrator W811 ``j numbleholt circuit 12; the human input signal is integrated, and the same integration (/i is in bold, so the timing diagram is small, In other words, mechanical end 2 in FIG.
6. In FIG. 17(a), it is assumed that the gamma-converted signal is manually input. In FIG. 17 (1a), 32 represents the temporal length of the measurement field of view, and 33 represents the previously mentioned accumulation time of the image sensor. Nuittsuchi S made up of switches
l, s2. s3 is shown in Fig. 17 1', b), l', c)
It is configured to turn ON at the timing indicated by , l″d).
When the switch S2 is OFF and LI+ is connected, the mechanism 4) integrates $; and sends the integral value through the switch S3. It is supplied to the capacitor 29 as a rechargeable bar. The change in the output '1tt11: of the same capacitor 29 is shown in Figure 17 (e
). When the σ integration is completed over the entire area of the AH constant field 32, 53 is the ONL, and the JA molecule is the capacitor 29.
The hole fIIi is mechanically connected to the pressure 2 131 through the buffer 7 assist 30, and the sharpness of the image at that time can be determined by checking the finger of the voltmeter 31. Figure 17(f) shows the changes in the bold signal above.
The above-mentioned Honild value, in other words, the signal indicating the sharpness of the image (hereinafter referred to as focus signal for simplicity) is the image of the planned focal plane H by the imaging light °7 system in the 41st illil. It is clear from the method of detecting the imaging state shown in FIG. 5 that the spatial change in the photodistribution of the culm becomes drastic. In other words, the focus signal as shown in 181i4 is maximum when the imaging light 7 system is focused on a constant Y focal plane, which means that the imaging optical system is focused on the object. As the imaging optical system moves away from the in-focus point, the focus signal decreases extremely even in the 111-bin state or the focused pinot state, and the imaging optical system g. The imaging state can be detected clearly and with an extremely sharp charge accumulation. Figure 19 shows the L focus (opening u of the imaging optical system No. 1).
Changes due to Jj! ! When an optical system with a large aperture ratio is used, the focus t1 is 34, which is sharp and curved. However, in the imaging optical system with a small aperture ratio,
Large open L/L ratio &1. Since the field of view of the image plane is larger than that of the bone optical system, even if the detection accuracy of the image-forming moth is low, its accuracy tends to be canceled out. The image of the fifth open book is formed on this ladder! The 11i detection method is a method useful as a focus detection system for optical equipment such as cameras.In the case of a zero-focus person, even when the object conotrast is small, it is possible to achieve a single focus by strengthening the nonlinearity of the gamma conversion circuit lO. The difference between the focus signal in the in-focus state and the out-of-focus state can be increased, and the detection accuracy of the in-focus state can be made extremely high. Even if the output of the gamma conversion circuit is small, it is possible to make k of the focus signal extremely large for 1 in-focus state and 1 out-of-focus state in order to perform integration or addition over the entire measurement field of view range. Not only that, but even if there is noise in the mechanical signal to the integrator circuit, due to the effect of removing high frequency components of the integrator output, the integrator output can be noise-free and have a stable focus signal. is obtained. Below 1. As shown in the figure, this method emphasizes the warmth corresponding to the sharpness of the image formed by the imaging optical system, and adds it over the entire measurement field of view, making it possible to detect the imaging state with high precision. On the other hand, in the imaging state detection method shown in FIG.
In order to detect only the sharpness of the image. Even if the in-focus point is detected correctly, when the focus is out of focus, the imaging state is 1);j bin or the rear bin rl :j
, 'There's nothing to do in Yamanaka...! , an object?1. Nute L to write
If the camera is moved relative to the optical equipment, the measurement field of view will have a different image. There is a Z that changes, and even the same object changes ξ upside down.
, the fork signal may fluctuate, and these l
): Theory 1!1 based on the detection method that improves ψ of 3:, +:
do. FIG. 20 shows an example in which Q is modified by changing the defect marked with 1.
The light weight -h is divided into two parts by a half mirror 36, and the transmitted light is incident on the left half of the image sensor 4 arranged in front of the Y constant focal plane 39. On the other hand, the light beam reflected by the half mirror 36 is reflected by the total reflection mirror 37 disposed at a position 9r between the half mirror 36 and the T/constant focal plane 40 which is optically equivalent to the predetermined focal plane 39. The light is projected onto the right side of the image sensor 4 placed at the rear. What is the distance between the planned focus 1n+39.40 and the image sensor 4? (is Δ. 41 and 42 are imaging optics +% t
Therefore, it is actually 2 degrees that was imaged by R. In FIG. 20, the imaging surface 41.4 of the imaging optical system S-1 is
2 shows the case in front of the planned focal plane 39, 40. Assuming here that the object is a pattern as shown in FIG. 2(a). ), in the image forming state described above, the distribution of the image sensor I in the vertical direction 1 is as shown in FIG. 21, 1', a). This is because the image forming surface 41 of the half mirror 36 for transmitted light is closer to the light receiving surface of the image sensor than the image forming surface 42 of the reflected light. This is because the transmission by the main light is clearer than the one on the right side, that is, the one by reflected light.
and 40 and the imaging planes 41 and 42 of the imaging optical system, that is, since the two lenses ll'r111 and the image sensor light receiving surface are separated by Δ shown in the figure 8, the image・The customary illuminance distribution of sensor 1- will be the same. In the same figure (Q), contrary to (:a), it is either the anti-94 condensation side or the 115゜ side of the transmitted light (1 is also a case where the area is close to the light receiving part of the image sensor, and the image sensor is The 1'l'!!! degree distribution on the light-receiving surface of the sensor is on the right side, that is, the sharpness of the image due to the reflected light from the half mirror 36! (1'
In other words, the image on the left side is sharper than that of the image formed by the light transmitted through the mirror 36. In this way, the imaging state of the imaging optical system 1 is determined by the image sensor 111. ? −
Akanebe Z about the physical force Δ which is detected by comparing the signals in the column. FIG. 22 shows one implementation of the conductive IR1 detection method according to the present invention +Di +! An example is a schematic diagram of a small child. In the figure, as mentioned above, &'r image optical S-1 is -f1, and the light weight is divided into 2 light beams by the half mirror 36, and the reflected light is further divided into 11 beams. The general-purpose mirror 37 is used for general purpose, and the light is divided into the image sensor 4 and the right side, and the light is reflected on the light receiving surface. The minute 4+ is as shown in Figure 21 1', a). The dashed line in the figure is the reflectance, -^i1ffi j(niiE
%, the solid line shows the reflectance; II#
! In an actual half mirror, which shows a deviation from the normal state,
Since such an imbalance is unavoidable, the present invention considers electrically supplementing the small uniformity described in 1.
This will be explained in detail in t. Image sensor 4
for. From driver 6 - shift pulse, reset valve, transfer lock bulk φ1.62. ψ3°φ4 is added from driver 6, and the inertia of image number sensor 1 is:
No. 1 is time? - column (converted to 1 gin, Figure 23 r b )
It will look like this. Here, aIwI is 4・-s1m, l', a
), it shows the signal when there is no variation in the reflectance and transmittance of the door mirror.The shift in the L direction () is due to the change in the photosensitive area of the image sensor, as already explained. This is due to the L current, and the v1 current compensation circuit 4
3 can be removed by passing J, as shown in Fig. 23 (
, 'c). Even in ζC), the small signal indicated by the broken line is the reflectance of the half mirror. Transmittance・no/, urisakana (・in case, +14',
This is the diagram ξ. IrtX hair flow fρ (circuit 43

[An example of a one-piece configuration is shown in Fig. 24), and in the mecha end 57 of the same figure, "is Fig. 25+', a) is the one in which (, No. 2 is input) of the small Nymeno Senoser. andξ.This is the 23rd
Figure +', b) and platform W, 6. Because of the death ξ. 1, 4,
The issue is the 5th day of the 10th and:+IA'A7 by 59th.
25(b)~υ(,C) respectively.
By turning ON and OFF at timings like , the switch S5 or the 65 person 111i at the 1st level of the open book at 08:00 (Q) or the container C as shown in the same figure (d).
IIIL, pressure 411k and zero output 6 times When switch S5 or ONNF2 is on, the image e-sensor 1. The output at the same time is 91 times -1 compared to the image φ sensor's output at that time. This output voltage is applied from the time 1 and row Meiji No. 1 to the o.
1111 such as the 251st me 1(e) whose dark current is compensated by subtracting X by a differential amplifier configured by 0
The signal is output from the output terminal 61. The signal shown in the same figure is 62 in Fig. 25, which corresponds to Fig. 23 f, 'C).
．． 64 branches 9. υ63.65 indicates time 1++ corresponding to the visual field of the first and second images, respectively. :). 23 II l', c) 1, No. 1, which was supplemented in the dark 1E style as shown in (c), is/...-Fumira 3
Reflectance of 6. In order to correct the imbalance between the first and second images due to the imbalance in transmittance, a gain ++ (43f) is input manually to the signal generator 44 and converted into a signal as shown in FIG. 23(d). For example, a circuit such as the one shown in FIG. 26 is used as a physical gain amplifier.
On the other hand, the negative input terminal has a null resistance Rl and a feedback ai
1 Resistor R2, R3, R4 or lJi, continued, it was JMI: 1. Of the resistors R3 and R4 are designed to function as a return resistor or not function depending on the open/closed state of the switches 56 and 37, respectively. .37 is variable according to the open/closed state (6#)), 6. , :fY271:
4 (a) is the case where the imaging optical system l or r・no 1&1 + bloodletting &-1'(', i.e., Ji of focus, If
, which reduces the signals of the first image and the second image from the image/nanosaur 4. 8-2 mirror or logically 1'
1, the 411th conjunction off H2 is eventually the same Teng, but due to the actual /-7 mirror uneven south, the 2
The images are slightly different, ξ, and this state is shown in the figure as 4 (・#, , 69.70 are the first
Image and U-th 25° view, reduce 〒1・, and make a similar (No. 0 or gain possible (E increase III M ノ/1.,) j end 66 [!j Art:'! h and At 1/17!, turn ON and OFF the 1.Nutsch s6.57 consisting of a FET analog switch at the timing shown in Figure 27 (b). (C). appears at the output end 68 due to:
R2 for 1. If R3 and R4 are selected in advance and +ICl is set, it is possible to detect the imbalance of the 2N° signal of 1, J'11, and +1 (☆, 71. In other words, the 1st As shown in 27X(d).
The resulting signal corresponds to the signal shown in FIG. 23(d). In addition, 71 in FIG. 27(a) indicates the length of time for the image sensor charge crystal J+''.In this way, the imbalance of 2@ is avoided and the gain -1rf which is increased by +E is
The output of the amplifier 44 enters the accumulation time Jf value circuit 50.
The it IFI signal-1 (that is, the command value for shortening the masonry time when there is too much light) conversely changes to light.
An extension command signal for IIn during accumulation when is too small is input to the gain setting circuit 51 via the signal line 52. An example of the circuit configuration of the accumulation time evaluation circuit 50 is shown in FIG.
When a signal like this is applied, it is actually a switch constructed in terms of electric f/circuit such as FET analog switch, S8゜59
．． 510 are respectively: JS29 figures (b), (C) and (
By turning ON and OFF at timings like cl), the operational amplifiers 73 and 74 are connected to a known P-9 Holt circuit configured as shown in the figure.
and 7f, the peak f within the measurement field of view 83 of the 2nd r woman.
5 or in Figure 29 (e), if the Nyakuko/Zofusa C2 middle work is halted, the operation will be increased to 7 when 510 or ON.
The pull-hold circuit operates, and the peak value is 84 in Figure 29 (e).
Halted during 3rd. 80 in the same figure is I1-Ij
7 +C') fr Dead time (') III wo small'L
, , 81 indicates the time at which N-hit time-series signals are output. The held peak value is the comparator 76
77 and the respective () subvoltages are applied to the other input terminal of the comparator. These J, l
: Each of the QQ 'ili pressures is set by the variable resistor 86.87 to the maximum and lower limit values of the time series signal 1), and when the upper limit value is exceeded, the comparator 76 The output terminal 78 of the core parator 77 becomes a high level, and similarly, when it is below the lower limit value, the output terminal 79 of the core parator 77 becomes a high level. At No. 221;4, this comparator signal is manually input to the gain setting circuit 51.1. 1. The integral time is changed so that the output of the conoperator 7677 becomes low level.
The accumulation time is changed by changing the timing at which the try/height pulse is sent to the image sensor 7 in accordance with the output of the gain setting circuit 51. This No. 48 is connected to the image sensor 4 via line 53.
can be conveyed to. The output of the Cain Orf amplifier 44 as shown in FIG.
At the same time, it is applied to the positive input of the differential amplifier 8 via the n-hit delay circuit 45. Although the n-bit delay circuit can be easily realized as explained in FIG. 7, in this example, Il!
By changing the number of i bits according to the maximum aperture ratio of the imaging optical system 1, the target j! ! By taking the difference from the tE signal, it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the focus signal due to the [1 magnification ratio] described in FIG. 19 as much as possible. In other words, if the 1-Y ratio is large, ! iThe change in brightness is relatively rapid! , the number of z spread bits is small, and when the other +li ratio is small, conversely, the focus signal change is suppressed by increasing the number of e ward bits. This idea is based on the fact that most current SLRs perform so-called aperture 411 light, so when using lenses with various maximum aperture J ratios, the focus signal is stabilized and operated. In FIG. 30, when a signal as shown in FIG. 23(d) is applied to the input terminal 86, this human input signal and the OS 9
Theory 1 in the diagram! II Arrange the one-hit block circuit 15 as shown in the diagram and connect it to the separate input terminal 46! As shown in FIG. 23(e), Enshingin passes through a switch circuit 88 that facilitates delay bit attack by a value corresponding to the maximum aperture ratio of the imaging optical system obtained. X composed of 89
The signal shown in FIG. 23(f) is applied to each input terminal of the dynamic amplifier and outputted to the output terminal 90. FIG. 31 shows the enlarged part of the circled part of the image 5) that is reduced to M(a), and shows the difference output between the extended signal and the non-e extended signal, that is, the difference output shown in FIG. 23 (
(b) is an explanatory diagram for partially reducing the signal of (a).
) is a partially enlarged signal (C).
! The output of the differential amplifier when performing iU and the same figure (d
) shows the differential up output when a 3-hit delay is performed.By comparing (C) and (d), it can be seen that the output signal of the differential amplifier 8 changes by changing the number of delayed hits. Recognize. Figure 32 shows an example of the reciprocal of the maximum aperture ratio of the imaging optical system, that is, FN, and the corresponding number of bits. Set the number to a small number. In FIG. 22, the output of the amplifier 8 is input to an absolute value circuit 9 as shown in FIG. The gain ii of 2 (is manually controlled by the variable width converter 47 to an appropriate signal level, and is converted by the gamma f detection circuit 10. That is, the output of the gain 8T variable amplifier Ill 47 is controlled to an appropriate signal level. Even larger and smaller level l lie further 4=smaller ・It is changed. Due to the signal processing of [; (+'? ”
t') change is the 23rd. The output JJ of absolute Ida 9 in X(g) is shown as the output of the gamma conversion circuit in ch> in the same figure. The output of the gamma conversion circuit is input to the base line 4B, and is added in the measurement field of view of the first image, as shown in the 231st interval (+), and subtracted in the measurement field of view vf of the second image, so that the acid end integral 4flVs is stopped. 2f'l I f'l and :i? depending on whether it is negative or negative. It is determined which of the J2 images has the greater gayo-ji type brightness. In other words, if the first image is clearer than the second image, then the constant*a value will be positive, and Li! If the second image is brighter than the first image, the final integral value will be negative.If the brightness of the 0 images is equal, that is, the image of the imaging light 7 system 1 was formed on the predetermined focal plane. At that time, h&NJa detectives became O and met each other! It is determined that -. In this way, the iE port y of the output of the integrator 4B
, depending on O, whether the image of the imaging optical system is at +iij bin or back focus with respect to f'ti=focal plane, or whether it is coincident! , it is possible to determine whether it is a town or not using a clear value. &-Since the signal processing for detecting the 1st quadrant is in accordance with the basic principle described in Figure 5, it is obvious that the ability to detect 11 degrees of brightness is extremely SWX. is a display circuit which issues a warning when the focus IiI pin or focus detection is incorrect or impossible, and is controlled by the output of the integrator 4B. 56 is M from the gain setting 1IIl path.
This is a line that transmits the warning signal described above. Concrete integral! ! And an example of the hold circuit and the circuit shown in the 33rd @
The gamma conversion circuit shown in FIG.
By turning on and off the switches s u and S 12 at the timings shown in FIGS. 34(b) and 34(c), the first image measurement field of view 11 is
5, the signal as it is is transmitted to the fixed field 11 of the second image steel.
In g, the operational amplifier 92 produces the following result: <411
A signal inverted by the inversion amplification obtained is inputted from the operational amplifier 96 to an integrator constructed as shown in the figure. Furthermore, the switch 513S14 is switched to the position shown in FIG.
) 0!1. City to turn off (Yori 4
One stripe is executed as shown in (2) (C5r), and the planting effect and capacitor 1004 are halted. This situation is shown in No. 34144(h)c, and the hold outputs are then inputted to comparators 101 and 102, respectively. Let this halt voltage be vS. On the other hand, the switch s ts, s
is O at the timing shown in No. 341d(i)(f)
N, by turning OFF. An integrator configured with 14 operational amplifiers 93 independently inputs the 1st #l signal and the :fS2 image signal to the 34th integrator.
Integrate with a small cedar in figure (k), and then switch S 1
7, 51B are turned ON and OFF at the timing reduced in FIG. A large force resulting from the integration of the signal is detected as shown in No. 3464 (m) and held in the hold circuit constituted by the operation 7/p 97 as shown in FIG. 34A (o). This = h-Jl/ t, Ijll:eV T tt6.V
L is outside 811 signal. For example, the "1 diameter ratio" of the imaging optical system is a variable resistor 9 whose aW is adjusted depending on various conditions such as the photometric aperture value or fringing, whether or not it is an aperture-shaped Ig, or whether or not a flash is used.
The pressure is divided by 8, and the compacitor 101 (F)
It becomes a reference pressure and is simultaneously inverted by an inverting amplifier constituted by an operational amplifier 99, and becomes a reference upper pressure of the comparator 102. That is, if the gravitational M decay rate is D due to the resistance, then when 1Vsl<V2O, the comparator 1G1.
The output of the NOR gate 102 becomes low level at #, and the output of the NOR gate 103 becomes high level. In the case of VB<-V2O, only comparator 1G2 becomes high level,
When Vg>V2O, only the comparator 101 becomes high level. 1: Make your own with 1 or more conditions as explained in the explanation! The pair of comparators 101 and 102 are
Used as a so-called window comparator, 1-
104.1 (OR game) depending on the output state of the 1 funparator
05°106 becomes high level, and accordingly, LED107a, 107b or 10 respectively.
7c is 1,1. -You will have to undergo moxibustion. Therefore, the state of focus 1111 pin or rear focus is as described above.
The variable resistor 98 can be set to reflect various usage conditions. Since the output reduction rate is changed accordingly, the window comparator 101.1
02's 1-do limit range changes. Even in the same in-focus state, under II shadow conditions, such as when the aperture value is expected to be large due to the setting of the aperture or the use of a flash, the eaves will be adjusted to a certain degree. If it is practical and the sharpness of the photographed image is not a problem even if it is loose, the first focus discrimination range can be widened, and the first focus point can be found more stably. When the aperture is wide open, the focusing range is narrowed and the photographic lens can be adjusted to a range that does not exceed the shallow field density at that time.The 0-lens configuration allows for various uses. In the state ^1. This makes it possible to realize a camera that is easy to focus. L
EDIQ7b is for indicating the size during focusing, LEDII) 7a is for displaying the rear focus, and LEDIG7c is for displaying the front focus. - Depending on the subject, if the hardness is extremely low or if the core trust is always small, it may be difficult to detect the imaging state.
In such a case, what is the meaning? ? Notice LED10
It is necessary to make the user aware of this using 7. Furthermore, it is also necessary to always control the value of VT to be as constant as possible so that sharpness detection can be easily performed. This method will be explained below. In FIG. 33, the hold voltage V7 is. Comparators 111 and 112 are also manually operated. When V7 is compared and evaluated with the set reference voltage by the hl variable resistor of 109 and 110 and is not within the set voltage range, it is determined that the image signal is not suitable for sharpness detection, so the output The terminal 113 outputs a signal indicating that the input is excessive, and the output terminal 114 outputs i! 11. Faith to know that the input is too small! ) as +7i+
The signal is applied to the gain setting circuit 51 of No. 4 through the line 54. The gain 1 sinking circuit 51 receives the following signal 1- and sets the VT
To ensure that the level is always at an appropriate level, the gain is adjusted to 4
7 gain control. In this case, in order to make the entire system as quick as possible with hk di and stable gain condition i51, the evaluation result of the above-mentioned accumulated J11 hours was added and subtracted by 1 for the VT evaluation, and the V7 change was made. Even if control is performed to make the island 1 appear in the optimal state of VT as described in 1-1 below, the conoparator 111 or 11
2, if a signal with too much human power is generated, it is determined by the gain setting circuit and the signal is set on line 56.
The high level output is sent to the OR gate 1 shown in FIG.
By simultaneously transmitting to 04.105.106 L
If all the EDs 107 are turned on, the user can visually recognize that it is difficult or impossible to detect the imaging state. Below 1. According to the one-tree system whose overall configuration is shown in Figure 22, the imaging optical system is moved in advance while retaining the popular refinement and detection ability of the system shown in Figure 5. 1 focus + i: Not only is it possible to separate the i-pin or rear-focus state, but also the sharpness can be stably maintained even for moving objects or objects whose brightness changes by evaluating the sharpness using two images. It is something that can be detected. Furthermore, the gain of each part of the system is automatically controlled according to the brightness and contrast of the object, and #&
Consideration has also been given to the difficulty in detecting appropriate sharpness. :jS35 shows the change in Vs with respect to the position of the imaging optical system near the focal point when each part of the system is set as the gain.As can be understood from this, at the 1 Byakko point, the sign of vs suddenly changes. is reversed, and the in-focus state can be detected with extremely high precision, and it is possible to stably distinguish between the 1st and 1st focal points at points other than the 1st in-focus point. Gain in each part of the system! 11a, the state in which Vs changes with respect to the position of the imaging optical system is shown in the third diagram.
6, vth in the same figure is the range defined by the 1st voltage limit voltage of the window comparator IO1, 102 shown in box j, and the phase 1'1 falls within this range (1. -1r
: (+l+δ of :rri; is the adjustment accuracy of the li image relaxation system by this method's !TI!II degree detection.Next, we will examine the image results by a separate method for the history of unreleased 1!11. The 8-hydraulic formula described for Mr. 1 (detection of the image 1W) is an image having a fixed predetermined focus IjJ of the imaging light ′γ system, and a first and second light-receiving section in front and behind the surface. Place the sensor. In this case, in order to compare and evaluate the sharpness of the images received by each light receiving section, the images in the first and second light receiving sections are subjected to amma conversion, which is the same as the method described above. After. A photoelectric transformer that corresponds to the position in the same light receiving part! ! ! ! The element, that is, the human output difference (No. 11) is formed, and the signal obtained by sequentially integrating this is used to discriminate between the before and after focusing bins. A detailed explanation will be given by referring to the LJFIA order as β. Figures 37, 38, and 39 are schematic diagrams (Δ) showing the layout of the image sensor in this method and the image sharpness distribution of the sensor. The light flux that has passed through the image optical system l is divided into two light beams east by the half mirror 36 and is increased by +1.
An image of an object (not shown) is formed on image sensors 4 and 4' placed after +i+i of the point curve. Third
The example shown in Figure 8 is. This is a case where two image sensors 4, 4' are arranged on the same plane, and in this case, by providing a total reflection mirror 37, various arrangements are possible.
' may be a separate image sensor, but preferably one image sensor with 4 and 4' as first and second light receiving parts - for example, a line 1 extending from the light receiving surface lying in the plane of the drawing. - It is possible to use sensors, which makes optical positioning easier than in the wS3714 mini-example. In the examples shown in FIGS. 37 and 38, if the object 1 is assumed to be a pattern as shown in FIG.
The illuminated surface distribution of the image as shown in a) occurs, and in the in-focus state, the distribution of the illuminated surface of the image is as shown in (b).
On the other hand, if it is in the front pin state, as in (e),
This is the illuminance distribution of the elephant. FIG. 40 is a block diagram of this method, which uses a single imaging optical system L. The light beam is divided into 2 parts by a half mirror 36, I, 1,
Scheduled j, Q optically T from the plane to the scheduled focus across the dot curve.
The light is incident on an image sensor 4°4' located at a distance. The image sensor 4.4' is supplied with the above-mentioned safe pulses by the driver 6, and assuming that the intensity distribution at the light receiving section is as shown in No. 411A(&), the image sensor 4 The time-series image signal of .4' becomes as shown in Figure (b) once. In this case, since two electric signals are taken out from two image sensors at the same time, the reliability of the two images is This corresponds to the example in Figure 37, but in the example in Figure 38, when one image sensor is used, two
If a tap is formed between the transfer parts of the two light receiving parts to take out the signal charges, it is possible to take out the 2'@signals at the same time.
It is fe. 1- The two-dimensional signal is transmitted to the dark current compensation circuit 4.
3.43', and is converted into a signal with the bean paste and IL flow components removed, as shown in Figure 41 (C), the 0th layer number is already 6
In order to eliminate the unbalance between the two items due to the poor reflectivity of the half mirror and the deviation of 11 to 7, the gain and in adjustment U (capable increase lBa1 l8,118' , and the output signal is inputted to the error detection circuits 119 and 119' respectively.The output signal from the circuit is as shown in FIG. 41(d). e
), it becomes a time series signal of the difference between two numbers. -E-
The operation of the gamma conversion circuits 119, 119' is the same as that described above, but in this example, the gamma conversion circuit I! !
! Characteristics vary depending on the imaging optical system's maximum ratio of 111 yen! The circuit is characterized in that it is designed to change the sharpness detection characteristic.A specific example of the configuration of this circuit will be explained with reference to FIG. 42. An image signal is input from an input terminal 123 and logarithmically compressed by a known suffix compression circuit 124, and a separate human input signal corresponding to the operational amplifier 125 and the maximum aperture ratio of the imaging optical system 1 is received from an input terminal 120 to generate a J Tomoe signal. It is increased by 1 in an I11 gain I adjuster configured with a selector 126 that selects a switch 519 so that the increase + I + rate is obtained, and is further expanded in a known logarithmic expansion circuit 127 and output from an output terminal 128. Ru. As a result, the force/magnetic variation characteristics can be changed according to the characteristics of the imaging optical system, and changes in the focus signal (focus signal) due to the characteristics of the optical system can be suppressed as much as possible, and if stable, T brightness detection can be performed. Figure 43 shows the FNo. of the image forming optical system set by 7I.
i' is a small example of the value of a comma. Like this FN
If o becomes smaller. If the value of force/ma is small and FNo is large, the gamma value can be increased to support strong nonlinear transformation of the image signal and sharpen the focus signal. 40th
In the figure, the output of the amplifier 118 is input to the accumulation time Jf value circuit 121 (accumulation (1 s time J l +
An example of the circuit configuration of the lli circuit 121 is shown in FIG. 44. In the figure, input terminal 12
When the outputs of amplifiers 118' and 118 are applied manually to 9°130, respectively, the co/pa! 7- The switch S20 is closed by the switch 131 to the higher level of the two manual forces II.
By the way; +'I 45 As shown by the small solid line in the figure, only the human level of Hatake of the two images 111, as mentioned in Figure 28. This means that a similar accumulation time meter curve circuit 50 is manually operated. The circuit 50 for h is the same as described above, and the accumulation time is increased.However, when the signal level is small, the accumulation time extension command signal from the output terminal 79 is used. If the value is larger, an accumulation time shortening command signal is outputted from the output terminal 78 and input to the gain setting circuit 51 manually. The output signal of the differential amplifier 8 is controlled by the gain setting] i circuit 51.
The level is appropriately compensated by +1- by the variable gain intensifier III 47,
The integrator 122 is manually operated. The output signal of the JXi divider is as shown in Figure 41(f), which is 114V! X
1 minute (iJ'l 8' shape 1ε can be detected by rVs. 49 is a large and small circuit with 11 losses as in FIG. 22. From the specific integral type 122, the display circuit 49
The specific circuit example up to *"S is shown in Figure 46. In the same figure, Figure 33 and No. Because it is a thing, theory I
omitted. The output value from the movable amplifier 8 is input from the input end 132 at L 6 L4 to ii'(471)7+(a), and the output value from the movable amplifier 8 is inputted by an integral type operational amplifier 133 to switch 321 and 522. It is turned ON at the timing shown in Fig. 47 (b) and (c). By turning off the integrator 5 as shown in FIG. 47(d);
Nisa hru. Furthermore, in the halt circuit composed of the op-up 134 and the capacitor C5, the f2 notch 523 is turned ON and OFF at the timing shown in FIG. 47(e), so that it is halted in the form shown in FIG. 47 [f]. . This hole toy end 1 is Vs shown in FIG. 41(f). The integral I1 + bow is converted into an absolute I-t (/i circuit 135, and is converted into an absolute I belief I;, and the maximum of that I1. The value is halted. [Tsukasa Hall F' 6 (4th or 3rd
It is a VT of 31/l. Various signal processing capabilities below]
The description of people and their alpha taste is omitted because it is exactly the same as described in FIG. 33. -1+(
+! The differences from the method for detecting the imaging state of the image described above, mainly in FIG. Take +'443's X; for each corresponding hint, and take the time series of this difference, 1 gin for R + minutes (2 and final integral I7i V s +7) value and row call, Mu image light'
7 series focusing, +ii? This is different from the G pinot type.When applying the non-formal method to a camera, just like the method described above, it is necessary to always set appropriate conditions according to the usage condition of the camera. It is the 35th and the 36th in the first ability.
An extremely high 11X1 focus detection accuracy as shown in the figure can be achieved. Next, when the image forming state detection method according to the present invention described above is used to capture light from a camera or the like in a device: Nlenoff's focusing adjustment/step is configured, IN is used as a single-lens reflex camera.・Explain using a camera as an example. Of course, the second embodiment is a one-lens flex camera, or the uninvented Type 11 is useful for other types of cameras. No. 4814 is 1 normal l! l! &'+ images of uninvented images on the t-flex camera! ! : 4yy from the detection method! It is a schematic diagram which shows the cross section when /, ;P, is incorporated. 14, 150 is the optical aperture 1
52 and is held in a lens barrel 151. A light flux from an object (not shown) that has passed through the photographing lens 150 is retracted by a quick return mirror 153 and is converted into 1. biased towards Penkpris T, 154.7 eye/g eyepiece 155
This is connected to the photographer's eye (not shown), and allows the photographer to view the object to be photographed, adjust the focus of the photographic lens, and set the exposure conditions. +iI function and when shooting by activating Tsuyatsuta-157, Quick Fist Return Collar 153 is set to J, Hoban 2 Hane 1. By moving, the lens moves out of the optical path of the photographic lens. 158 is a film, 156 is 1. Each 'A' of the record! element 1'
/, IS is a camera body that makes 11 AH for disturbance light other than the photographing light flux.
(Hereinafter, it is abbreviated as AE unit), and in this example, the same unit (159) is a quick return The mirror 153 is configured to be able to move away from the photographing optical path in the direction shown by the broken line in FIG. 1 in conjunction with the sliding movement. Focusing a of the photographic lens 150
During the setting, the 8 AF unit 159 is held in the optical path of 11 lenses. When setting the focus I4, the quick return mirror 153 is installed obliquely in the photographing optical path as shown in Figure 1, so a part or the other side of the mirror 153 may have an incorrect transmittance. It must be a half-mirror configured to
The luminous flux reflected by the Cuno mirror 153 is 7 eyes/'
When Tahe is attacked by 4, it becomes J (. The transmitted light is attacked by the light receiving part of the image 0 sensor in the AF unit 4 times and receives the light beam 5 times, and 1 brightness of the object image is detected and 1 LED' (not shown): 4 large water At r1), the photographer is informed of the focus adjustment state of the photographic lens. When activating Tsuyatsuta, that is, when shooting, the AF unit 15
9 and the click return mirror 153 simultaneously leave the photographing optical path. When the shooting is finished and the quick return mirror returns to its original position, the AF unit 1. 159 is also held in the Iq and photographing optical path in conjunction with this. 1. Quick return mirror and AF unit. Kikiriyo 3+! 1! An example of the a configuration that implements the dynamic relationship is shown in FIG. 49, and an example shown in the rl-q diagram. Quick return mirror splash! In response to the shock that occurs when the AF unit rotates, the AF unit moves the mirror in the opposite direction, equivalently reducing the movement of both to
Easily achieved with a mechanism that allows L f! It is something that I do. :tS49 Figure If, Figure i1. &&'a, l: system d J
It is charged by the force in the direction shown by the mark 181, and this force causes the storage lever 1 of the Quizta e return mirror 153 to
74 rotates around the rotating shaft 175 in the clockwise rotation direction, and the quick return mirror hook 180 pivotally supported by the quick return mirror hook shaft 181 is brought into the engaged state by the action of the spring 182. At one time, the hook 177 for driving the mirror during quick return is rotatably supported on the energy storage lever 174 by a shaft 178, and is always biased by a spring 179 so as to rotate in the right direction in the figure. Because it has a quick return mirror drive hook 1
Guided by the slope of the protruding film 77a formed at the part 77, the lever drive shaft 173 moves to the left in the figure.
Therefore, the drive lever 170 rotatably supported around the shaft 171 is rotated to the right by the force of the spring 172. 174a Beam C Nodo Susu-no Kochi 54t 4jJ7 Ill hook 177 rotates to the specified 1 [January 1 -1]
This is a stopper formed at part 74. 176 is 1
．． In order to always turn I/Par 174 to the left, drive the 8-17Q to I7 and rotate it in the direction of I in the diagram.Quick Riff-7. The pinot 163 fixedly installed on the mirror 153 moves to the right in conjunction with the rightward movement of the slope 170a formed on a part of the drive lever 170, so that the mirror 153 rotates around the fixed shaft 162. spring 16
It is rotated around the same axis by the force of 4], and hits the stopper 165 to form an oblique position yE: of 45°. The slope 170b formed at the t end of the par 170 by driving one side is
Since the pin 169 fixed to the support member 160 of the AF unit 159 is aligned with the pin 169 fixed to the support member 160 of the AF unit 159, the spring 16
It is rotated to the right by the force of 8 and becomes in a state fE where it is held in the optical path of the darkest lens 1 (not shown). In 166, the AF unit is held in the optical path of 151% 4 lenses and 1. )
At Ir-, the light-receiving surface of the AF unit is approximately 11 degrees for a certain amount of burnt human blood.Adjustment to maintain the distance and angle in the IF bucket is as far as FI.
J fine adjustment ne/. It's like that! : When the glossy release is released from 91, a force in the direction indicated by 1113 in the figure is applied to the quick return mirror hook 180 by the l'1 material (not shown), and therefore the same hook 180
rotates to the right around the quick-return mirror shaft 181, the latch with the storage lever 174 is released, and the quick-return mirror drive hook rotates around the lever 174. In order to instantaneously move to the left around the shaft 175, the gIA movement lever 170 rotates to the left around the shaft 171, so that the quick e-return e-mirror 153 is repelled from the engagement relationship of the mechanism described above. At the same time AF
The unit 159 rotates to the left about the axis 167 and the 48th
Immediately move both 11! out of the optical path of the photographic lens in the direction shown in the figure! avoid Exposure to the filter t is performed with such a value of 1 μ'. If the light ν is S'l 1', for example, the control force of the rear curtain of the focal blur shiner causes the light to change to 184 in the figure.
When a force is applied to the quick return mirror drive hook 177 to reduce the force, it rotates to the left around the shaft 178, and the engagement between the drive lever drive shafts 173 and 177a is released, causing either the drive lever 170 or the spring 172 to It rotates to the right due to the force, and the Quinocrita-7 mirror 153 returns to the 45'' position as if it had fallen off when the mechanism was charged, and the AF unit 159 is now in the photographing optical path. If you want to take a picture again, press 1.
At 83, the force in the direction of bouncing is 1. Ij is obtained in conjunction with
The non-mechanism is charged and the process of mt is repeated. The following is a quick return/mirror is the AF unit and Ij1
! Although we have described an example of an embodiment in which the AF system is operated, it is possible to use a normal microbliz T, a light shade of a shade, and a photographic lens at the R stage without using the AF Sometimes I want to adjust the focus for 11 seconds, and I have already done 1! l! !
If it is difficult to achieve 6-focus using the imaging state detection method of the present invention for some reason, it is necessary to use 1-normal optical focusing. In order to keep the camera in the optical path and move it out of the optical path, and to prevent malfunctions at that time, the camera automatically moves the camera from the optical path when exposing the camera to light. Explain the v1 structure to avoid* :fS
Figure 50 is 1. 111 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mechanism capable of implementing storage items; FIG. Elements labeled with the same numbers as in FIG. 49 have the same functions and functions as already described, so their explanations will be omitted. In this figure, the mechanism shown in Fig. 49 is already charged by winding, that is, the quick return mirror 153 is held at 4511 in the optical path of the photographing lens, and the force in the direction shown by 204, that is, To describe the AF unit holding structure v1, which shows the state in which the AF unit is held in the optical path of the photographing lens by the force of the photographer pushing the button 203 to the right and the action of the mechanism described in detail below, the charge in the figure. In this state, the drive lever 185 of the 49th open book has a slightly shaped shape, the AF unit is firmly recessed in the drive lever 185, and the throat hook release lever 186 is protruded. Axis 190 because it is in
AF1 unit I hook member +89
is biased toward C by the action of \7188. A
During exposure, the F unit hook member 1.89 rotates to the left in the WJA moving rem lever 185, as does the lever 171! Located on the island. Therefore, the AF unit hook is released and 8-186 is 1,) 4
L, since the AF unit hook member 189 is pushed down 1-, the AF unit 1st WIIJvJ lever +93 and turn 1-193 and around the car 194 are turned to J (which can be rotated in an axial relationship and by the spring 197!L) Inquired AF
Since the unit second drive lever 196 rotates to the right in the figure (this direction) around the shaft 194 by the action of the spring 195, the hook pinot 191 loaded on the same lever 193 moves the AF unit hook member 189. Right side of the same member 189
The f island is in contact with b, and the AF unino 1 2nd tX
Because the engagement between the end 196a of the moving lever 196 and the end of the AF unit holding member 160 is released (AF unit)
159 rotates to the left around axis 167 under the action of spring +87. IJ to the outside of the shooting optical path! Avoided! fall in love Even if the quick return mirror 153 is held at 45 degrees from this state as shown in the figure, the AF unit remains out of the recording optical path. In this state, when the button 203 is pushed to the right by the photographer, the lever 19
9 is guided by the guide pins 200a and 200b against the spring 201 and slides in the opposite direction, the right end of the lever 199 moves toward A.
Since the F unit t41 drive lever 193 is rotated by the force, one end 19 of the AF unit second drive lever 196
6a engages with the holding member 180 of the AF unit 159 15
Joined Section 11. The AF unit 159 is held in the optical path against the force of the spring 187. Further, at this time, the hook pin 191 moves along the right side surface 189b of the AF unit hook member and is hooked at the shape 1g in FIG. Therefore, from now on, you can press the button 203 to select the button 203.
remains in the optical path. In this state, switch 1
98 is closed 11, but since this switch is the 10lf'I switch of the focus detection system, the focus is adjusted as it is, and the shutter is released as necessary to take a picture, but the exposure is Inside, as mentioned above, the AF unit, quick return mirror, etc. have been evacuated from the optical path. At the end of exposure l, :ha] -1 at 184, same as 11J mountain
A force is applied in the direction of <, and the quick return mirror is
It returns to the 5° position, but the AF unit is fU button 2.
It cannot be held in the optical path except by external manipulation via 03. If the button 203 is inadvertently pressed during k-hour exposure, the protruding portion 185b formed on a part of the drive lever 185 will not be AFed.
This is a stopper that engages with the AF unit second drive lever 196 and prevents the movement of the AF unit second drive lever 196 during exposure to prevent the AF unit 159 from entering the optical path. It is also possible to move the AF unit 1159 out of the photographing optical path by moving the force.In this case, press the button 7203 again to move the lever 199 to the right and move the AF unit first drive lever 193 to the left. The hook pin 191 rotates to A
Press the F unit hook member from the hook position using the taper portion 189a provided at the - section to release the hook, and release the button 203 to release the h-th lever 193 and the second lever. - When the door knee 196 rotates to the right and the AF unit moves out of the optical path, the switch 198 opens and turns off the AF unit's light source. With the button 203 pressed, release the glossy button. If this is done, the switch 202 can detect this and disable or prohibit the release, or issue a warning.
Perform the operation using the known self-timer lever and press the release button. It is a diagram in which the mechanism for preventing erroneous operations is made smaller than in the Jll Todo state. 1゛・II l<I, N l,・te199′l 5th
This lever corresponds to lever 199 of 01A. The end of the same lever is provided with a protrusion II 'ma R+99'a, and the -j/bar 209 can be moved with the self-tie provided on the camera soft body 210.
Rotate in the h direction L Ih112Q8ψ and Arno, 207
When the release button 7206 is pushed to the right, that is, when the AF unit is in use, the push of the release button 7206 in the direction of the arrow 205 is locked by 199'a. Conversely, when the release button 7206 is pressed and exposure is being performed, 199'a is the release button 20.
6, the self-timer lever 209 cannot be moved in the right direction. Therefore, since the rotation of the self-timer lever 209 is prohibited, the above-mentioned malfunction can be prevented. Earlier, I mentioned the change in the focus signal due to the 11 diameter ratio of the imaging optical system, but in order to suppress this as much as possible, the present invention uses a signal corresponding to the aperture [1 ratio] of the Sugi lens used in the camera. Mu1. The circuit parameters of the image state detection method can be controlled. 1.11. 'i2, this is the place! , Nishi /) A1) of the open 11 ratio is used to form the same (example calculation). When you go to the store, take a photo of the 7th maximum of 111Y.
The 52nd M is the image forming FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the general relationship between the aperture L1 ratio and image clarity of an optical system. In the same figure, the image of the object 212 is &Ii image optical system 213 ノ<+,=
, point distance al: f l: position a that satisfies the relationship of twist
, b forms a supporting image 214. In this case, the spatial frequency of the object is multiplied by b/a in frequency by the image 1;1·+l b /a. This is the area 215 near the imaging plane 214.
The reduction in spatial frequency 1.1 due to image pocketing at ゜216゜217.218 is given by the distance D/b from the image plane and /
The image forming surface 214 is proportional to the exit diameter R.
From '11, the low spatial frequency due to jI is 1.7 steps, and in the case of small 11, R/
b, that is, because of the 6-death proportional to the 111-i ratio of L->nu, 1'・i4 +, j', ., ', - plane or its nearby f-plane has an unexploited 1111 crab (like Poke 1!u) First, by indirectly measuring the spatial frequency,
．． In the case of the horn type 1 that detects the difference in the surface,
The II degree detection ability is proportional to the aperture II ratio of the image taken/Z. −
The force lf true ^I as 1,1 volume D is inversely proportional to the open 11 ratio. For this reason, [Double 1 Roll Heta <, ++-Shadow Lens Opening]
It is practical to see whether it is necessary for practical devices such as cameras to extract the re-detection ability according to the situation and to make an appropriate adjustment to the field. It is something that can be done. Fig. 21 shows an example of a cooperative mechanism for performing the 53rd (A is a kind of drawing 1). First, the aperture value is set. 1. The aperture ring attached to the lens barrel A manual that can be done manually
'jj 1t-i setting fj and the set aperture value At the aperture fu destination EH that performs EEk light, the name used is 7 I. In this state, the tapered portion 219a formed in a part of the ring 219 causes EE, )t)
Pino 220 is moved to the left in the figure by Pa 2 and 221,
Based on the EE signal inch 222, the camera side detects that the lens is in the state of one-annual aperture setting, and sets the aperture signal control power 223 to the No.1 operating state. This causes the aperture signal link 224 of the lens to. /Henne 225 rotates to the right and the protrusion 21 of the aperture ring
It stops at the point where it hits the protrusion 224b of the aperture signal link 9b.
The No./G protrusion 224a transmits to the camera side the number of aperture steps from the closest aperture of the darkest lens (Gratio).On the camera side, this set aperture II/1 is set to Weak/Hene2.
26 and is received by the aperture signal lever 227 which is in contact with the protrusion 224a of the aperture signal ring. This aperture image 1 information is transmitted to the camera body when the camera is rotated (set to 228 and 2).
29 is converted by link mechanisms 227, 228 and 230 formed in
Mountain, - also IX: as 1. L JIV232 1; shadow lens trIli;, , , II 1(' ll
', tells the number of aperture IIp from. I took a picture again...
1; The iY ratio is ; ! Open aperture on the / side (IIi +, ↓t: Bi: 233 (L, and also the spring 234 on the camera side;
j, IW tr IIp Rem Lever 2'
$6 received, JII as an electrical signal by Bra/237
1221J1 No. 40+4 of &1. The above-mentioned effect can be obtained by inputting the information into the box shape detection section 7. The maximum aperture ratio is set to 3 equivalent for shooting with a single stop.
This is a case where the diameter ratio is favorable. Narrowing down is the narrowing power 23
9, by moving the narrowing setting hook 240 to the left J, the narrowing link 241 is rotated one turn to the right against the spring 242 in the direction II4 of the car 243, and the force of the narrowing locking member 244 is The rightward rotation of the aperture link 24! is locked by the protrusion of the aperture link 24!. Move the kite i? to lΔ medium and force using the material 249.An analogy for aperture: Take a picture with the 1-J direction of 247, and move the automatic aperture lever 250 on the 7th lens side with the spring 2
Move against 51 and narrow down 7th. In other EE modes, i.e. gloss tar priority EE, program EE, dial input aperture priority EE, strobe E E II! I- is the aperture of the lens, iQ 'lj+
By setting the ring to EH, the aperture throw or aperture value determined by the known AE Isogo is converted to the aperture stage number by the maximum aperture ratio transmission mechanism, and the aperture signal is:
The servo system formed by the uIW power 223 and the aperture signal board 232 controls the aperture signal ring 22 of the W color lens.
4, it is possible to instruct and control the number of aperture steps for the photographic lens. Since then, the #M color lens can be adjusted to a maximum of 1. It is possible to obtain signals for the +diameter ratio and the number of apertures, and to control the system parameters of the imaging state detection method (2) as long as the image is not fired. 54th li4 and 55th figure are 4, 2nd +! II's 11th image i! The output from the detection power type or the output from this type of device.
The output of the camera is controlled by a signal that controls the characteristics of the photographic lens as shown in Figure 1. First, Fig. 54 shows an example of controlling the output from the distance measuring device 252, which generally uses an external distance measuring method. The output of the distance signal generation circuit 253 is compared with the operating amplifier 254, and the vertical magnification of the photographic lens is -←
Supplementary 11 signal t', generation circuit 255 corrects the vertical magnification by 1. Theta 255 displays &1. No.1
The output of the circuit 256 and the output Q circuit 257 is input to the dynamic amplifier 258 in the form of a supplementary ratio i. corresponds to the lens aperture ratio at the time of taking a picture, and in order to correct the focusing accuracy using the same value, the gain of the intensifier 259 is fJl'dl and as shown in the table, 1<meter 260. Photographed/
Complement 11 of Z is displayed with H and +. In addition, 1 display! ! In addition to meters, analog or digital methods such as LEDM crystals can also be used.
It is obvious that this is the case. Fig. 55 shows an example of a similar system when using the TTLJJ method such as the method of Kyori Komei. 261 is a TTL focus detection system and its output signal is a photometer with the gain of the magnification III W 262 open. In this case, the signal from the maximum aperture ratio value generation circuit 256 is used.
In the case of aperture metering, the aperture switch 267 is closed, the output of the aperture stage number signal generation circuit 257 is manually controlled by the 1-actuating amplifier 268, and a signal corresponding to the aperture value actually set is generated; 1) Control. The result is displayed on the meter 263. The same meter includes the actual imaging plane and the P setting meter! The difference between points is displayed. 269 is the output difference between the circuits 256 and 257, i.e.:
It is an operating amplifier that emits No. 41 corresponding to the aperture ratio of the lens at the time of shadow, and this signal is mechanically sent to the amplifier III 264, and by analogy, it controls the surprise and finally outputs '-' and '270. f゛,, "j, l" image pokeri on the mountain and surface ■: (
High 1. X: Show 1, be done, Lt L,;
Photoelectric conversion devices such as CDs, IIBDs, CCDs, MOS image sensors, etc. By scanning according to Tepais and scanning No. 111, the image formation state of +fA image +,!, [!
II, the r constant focal plane of the l foot science system or this (useless...1) +iA F'Ii image angle of 151 degrees in 1 can be very sensitively determined 1 Therefore, optical equipment such as cameras Focus 1.4i, detection system or automatic focus 1.4i in
．． 7, Ic Ill l, te] 1 h;, 4 noon. In addition, the embodiment described below is based on the target object-like line 1, the aperture ratio of the photographic lens, the aperture when ti is chromatic, &t,
'sh output mode By controlling the system to the optimum state at all times according to various shooting conditions such as the use of flash or strobe, it achieves focusing performance with l';+l accuracy, and furthermore, -T11111 (%, Frame detection uTie can also be used for cameras, etc. (/Jkai "7. The form Il is extremely suitable for the following embodiments.In addition, although the embodiment has been described with reference to the -02 photoj'L camera, there is one other method according to the present invention that is suitable for use with TVs.
It is also possible to use the 111 system in the system, and it is possible to use various light and ii) It is widely applicable to equipment. Below 1. According to the unreleased part 1, when the camera's j and % are detected in the frame state, and the camera's ti; To illuminate the light-receiving surface on the planned focal plane and adjust it to an optical +E fili position. r collapse (No. 50H adjustment screw 16B)
(equivalent to), so we made such adjustments. This has the effect that the state of connection of the subject can be classified into 91 Pl categories at any time.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

No. 114. Figure 2 and Figure f'S3 show the image formation of a general optical system, the pattern of the image in each image formation state for a specific pattern, and the aurum distribution of the image in each image formation state. It is a schematic diagram. FIG. 4 is a schematic IA for explaining scanning of an image by an image sensor. Figures 5 to 17 show examples of the fjIJl of the present invention: Figure tS5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electrical circuit system of '1 according to the first embodiment; Figure 6 is an output waveform diagram showing the output waveform of each circuit block in the circuit system shown in tS5. Figures 7 to 17 are detailed configurations of each circuit block in the circuit system shown in Figure 5 and their input and output. FIG. 18 and 19 are 1. FIG. 4 is a signal waveform diagram showing a focus signal obtained when the first embodiment described above is applied to a focusing system L. and a change in the focus signal depending on an Ijll CI ratio of an imaging optical system S. FIG. 71' shi2 Q t>+ or 1- The 3614th is a smaller version of the second example of Thu: 2 Ming, and the 201-th is the second example (of the optical cast configuration in the example). A schematic diagram showing an example, Fig. 21 shows each (41
22nd [
71I is a block diagram showing the configuration of the electric circuit system of the device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 23 is an output waveform diagram of each circuit block in the circuit system shown in FIG.
Figures 33 and 34 show the detailed configuration of each circuit block in the 22nd national circuit system and its human output signals.
, tll, FIG. 32 is a small diagram showing the relationship between the lens FNo. and the image shift bit, and FIGS. 35 and 36 are based on this second embodiment'! FIG. 7 is a signal waveform diagram showing a focus signal processed by Al77. From Figure 37: 1S47I)l! I is +1 for the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 37 and 38 are schematic diagrams showing two examples of the optical arrangement in the iS3 embodiment. Figure 39 shows the illuminance of the image 11j in each image formation in the arrangement configuration shown in Figure 37 and Figure 38.
Figure 40 shows the configuration of the electrical circuit system of the device according to the third embodiment. Figure 41 shows the configuration of each circuit block in the circuit system shown in Figure 4. Output hourglass diagrams showing output waveforms, Figures 42 and 4
4 to 47 are diagrams showing the detailed configuration of each circuit block and its input/output signals in the circuit system shown in FIG. 40. Fig. 43 is a small-medium diagram showing the relationship between γ(It) and the FNo of the lens. Figs. Fig. 48 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of the mechanical part of the main part. Fig. 52 shows the image forming state of the optical system and the state of blur of the image 1,! FIG. 53 is a schematic diagram for explaining the relationship between , and FIG. 5514 is the aperture ratio of the photographing lens. It is a block gui7gura L1 that eliminates two examples of a circuit system that optimizes the focus signal according to the aperture value, etc. ■---Internal image forming light 2, 41, 4'2---Ichiko constant focal plane or its conjugate plane. 4, 4'---Ikkoichi conversion head 6---) Leiper circuit 7, 45--- --n1711 circuit. 8--- Single motion amplifier, 9--- Absolute value conversion circuit. 10.119,119'---γ conversion circuit. +1.48. -122---One integration circuit. 12----10-torto circuit, 13-----Table small meter 49----One table small circuit. Patent applicant: Canon Co., Ltd. Agent: Gi Marushima Figure 6 Figure 27 32nd volume 3r; Fake μm diagram

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a camera focus state detection element structure that holds a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements for detecting the focus state of a photographing lens of a camera, the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion element is located at an optically accurate position with respect to the focal plane. 1. A focus state detection element structure for a camera, comprising an adjustment means for adjusting the focus state detection element structure of a camera.