JPS6155152B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6155152B2 JPS6155152B2 JP52040379A JP4037977A JPS6155152B2 JP S6155152 B2 JPS6155152 B2 JP S6155152B2 JP 52040379 A JP52040379 A JP 52040379A JP 4037977 A JP4037977 A JP 4037977A JP S6155152 B2 JPS6155152 B2 JP S6155152B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- output
- light
- receiving element
- signal
- banknote
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Image Processing (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、紙幣や切手などのような周辺部に模
様が印刷されていない印刷物を識別する方式に関
するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for identifying printed matter such as banknotes and stamps that have no pattern printed on their periphery.
〔従来技術〕
従来の識別装置では、受光素子出力にあるしき
い値を設けておき、光源・受光素子間に例えば紙
幣を通過させて、受光素子の出力変化がこのしき
い値を越えるか越えないかにより印刷された模様
をパターン判別していたが、ほこり付着や劣化に
よる光源光量の低下あるいは紙幣の汚れ程度によ
る受光素子出力の変動がそのまま識別能力の不安
定要因となつていた。[Prior art] In conventional identification devices, a certain threshold value is set for the output of the light receiving element, and by passing a bill, for example, between the light source and the light receiving element, it is determined whether the change in the output of the light receiving element exceeds this threshold value or not. Patterns were discriminated based on the presence or absence of printed patterns, but a decrease in the amount of light from the light source due to dust adhesion or deterioration, or fluctuations in the output of the light receiving element due to the degree of dirt on the banknote, became a factor in the instability of the discrimination ability.
上記従来技術では、受光量を光源に帰還し受光
量が一定となるよう制御するような装置が見られ
たが、比較的大きな電流を調節できる制御回路が
必要となり、また光源光量で各受光素子出力を割
算して正規化する場合には、高価で複雑な割算回
路が必要であるという問題点があつた。
In the above-mentioned conventional technology, there was a device that fed back the amount of received light to the light source and controlled it so that the amount of received light was constant, but this required a control circuit that could adjust a relatively large current, and it was also necessary to control each light receiving element depending on the amount of light from the light source. When normalizing the output by dividing it, there is a problem in that an expensive and complicated division circuit is required.
本発明の目的は、受光素子の受光量あるいは印
刷物のインクの濃さによつて、各印刷物において
濃淡検出値の巾がバラツキがある場合に、誤差な
く印刷物を識別する方式を提供するにある。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying printed matter without error when the width of the density detection value for each printed matter varies depending on the amount of light received by a light-receiving element or the density of ink on the printed matter.
上記目的は、印刷が付されていない部分の光電
変換信号を比例分配して多値の比較信号も求め、
比例分配して得られた信号と上記差とを比較して
印刷物を識別することにより達成される。
The above purpose is to proportionally distribute the photoelectric conversion signals of the unprinted part to obtain a multi-value comparison signal.
This is achieved by comparing the signal obtained by proportional distribution with the above difference to identify the printed matter.
搬送されてくる紙幣毎にその紙幣額縁部からの
受光素子出力を保持し、この保持電圧値と紙幣の
印刷された模様部からの受光素子出力と比較した
差、すなわち印刷された模様パターンのみが識別
信号として用いられるので、紙幣の新旧・汚れに
は全く無関係にかつ、光源の劣化や受光面へのほ
こり付着などの外部要因に影響されることなく紙
幣を識別できる。
For each banknote that is conveyed, the light receiving element output from the bill frame is held, and the difference between this held voltage value and the light receiving element output from the printed pattern part of the banknote, that is, only the printed pattern pattern is detected. Since it is used as an identification signal, banknotes can be identified regardless of whether the banknotes are old or new or dirty, and without being affected by external factors such as deterioration of the light source or dust adhesion to the light receiving surface.
以下、本発明を実施例を示し説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained by showing examples.
現行の紙幣には、五百円札・千円札・五千円
札・一万円札とも必ず周辺の５mm前後が全く印刷
されておらず、この部分で紙幣全体の汚れ程度を
代表させても、局部的しみ、汚れを除いては充分
満足できる。 Current banknotes, including the 500 yen, 1000 yen, 5000 yen, and 10,000 yen bills, always have no printing at all around the 5mm edge, and this area represents the degree of dirt on the entire banknote. However, with the exception of local stains and stains, it is completely satisfactory.
そこで、受光素子出力の内、この周辺部が光
源・受光素子間を通過している時の受光素子出力
を差引けば、印刷された模様による出力変化のみ
が取出せ、紙幣の新旧・汚れさらに光源光量の低
下にも影響されない。第１図において、１は識別
しようとする印刷物、例えば紙幣であり、図示し
ないがベルト等により挟持されながら搬送され、
光源２と受光素子３との間を通過する。受光素子
３が紙幣１からの透過光量を観測するものであれ
ば、模様が全く印刷されていない紙幣１の周辺部
１′（以下、紙幣の額縁と略す）の通過でも検知
できる。すなわち第２図ａのような波形が受光素
子３の出力として得られるよう、光源２の光量ま
たは受光素子３の感度特性を調整するのは一般に
容易である。 Therefore, by subtracting the output of the light receiving element when this peripheral part passes between the light source and the light receiving element, only the change in output due to the printed pattern can be extracted. It is not affected by decreases in light intensity. In FIG. 1, 1 is a printed matter to be identified, for example, a banknote, which is conveyed while being held by a belt or the like (not shown).
The light passes between the light source 2 and the light receiving element 3. If the light-receiving element 3 observes the amount of transmitted light from the banknote 1, it can also detect passage through the peripheral area 1' of the banknote 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as the frame of the banknote) on which no pattern is printed. That is, it is generally easy to adjust the light intensity of the light source 2 or the sensitivity characteristics of the light receiving element 3 so that the waveform shown in FIG. 2a is obtained as the output of the light receiving element 3.
この時、受光素子３の受光面３′を紙幣１の額
縁１′の巾より小さく、例えば２mm前後にしてお
くと、確実に紙幣１の額縁１′の通過を受光素子
３の出力から検知できる。 At this time, if the light-receiving surface 3' of the light-receiving element 3 is made smaller than the width of the frame 1' of the banknote 1, for example around 2 mm, passage of the banknote 1 through the frame 1' can be reliably detected from the output of the light-receiving element 3. .
この受光素子３の出力ａを演算増巾器４の−
（マイナス）側入力に印加し、この演算増巾器４
の出力ｅをアナログスイツチのような開閉素子５
を介して保持回路に印加する。さらに保持回路６
の出力ｄを演算増巾器４の＋（プラス）側入力に
印加して、正帰還をかける。 The output a of this light-receiving element 3 is converted to -
(minus) side input, this operational amplifier 4
The output e is connected to a switching element 5 such as an analog switch.
is applied to the holding circuit via. Furthermore, the holding circuit 6
The output d of is applied to the + (plus) side input of the operational amplifier 4 to apply positive feedback.
演算増巾器４は、第７図に図示のように出力を
そのまま＋（プラス）側入力に正帰還させた場
合、出力と入力は等しくなる。すなわち第７図左
図で出力V0は
V0＝−Ｒ２／Ｒ１V1＋（１＋Ｒ２／Ｒ１）V2
となり、出力を正帰還して右図のようにV2＝V0
とすれば、上式からV1＝V0となる。 In the operational amplifier 4, when the output is fed back directly to the + (plus) side input as shown in FIG. 7, the output and input become equal. That is, in the left diagram of Figure 7, the output V 0 becomes V 0 = -R 2 /R 1 V 1 + (1+R 2 /R 1 )V 2 , and by positive feedback of the output, V 2 = V 0 as shown in the right diagram.
Then, from the above equation, V 1 =V 0 .
また保持回路６は印加される電圧をそのまま保
持し、印加電圧の変化にしたがつて保持電圧も変
化するが、入力と出力の値は常に等しい。さらに
印加されている入力が開路されると、保持回路６
は開路直前の入力電圧値を保持している。 Further, the holding circuit 6 holds the applied voltage as it is, and the holding voltage changes as the applied voltage changes, but the input and output values are always equal. Furthermore, when the applied input is opened, the holding circuit 6
holds the input voltage value immediately before opening.
一方、受光素子３の出力ａを波形整形回路７に
印加して紙幣１の通過信号ｂとし、これを遅延回
路８に印加する。遅延回路８は紙幣１の額縁１′
の通過に相当する時間あるいはそれより少し少な
い時間だけ遅延して開閉素子５のゲートに開閉の
ゲート信号ｃを送り、開閉素子５を開路させる。
こうすることにより、保持回路６は第２図のよう
に紙幣１の額縁１′の受光素子出力ｄを保持し、
その値を演算増巾器４の＋（プラス）側入力に印
加しままとなる。 On the other hand, the output a of the light-receiving element 3 is applied to the waveform shaping circuit 7 as a passing signal b of the banknote 1, which is applied to the delay circuit 8. The delay circuit 8 is connected to the frame 1' of the banknote 1.
A gate signal c for opening/closing is sent to the gate of the switching element 5 with a delay of a time corresponding to the passage of the switching element 5 or a time slightly less than that, thereby opening the switching element 5.
By doing this, the holding circuit 6 holds the light receiving element output d of the frame 1' of the banknote 1 as shown in FIG.
The value remains applied to the + (plus) side input of the operational amplifier 4.
したがつて、紙幣１が光源２と受光素子３の間
を通過している時の演算増巾器４の出力ｅは、−
（マイナス）側入力に印加される受光素子３の出
力ａから＋（プラス）側入力に印加される紙幣１
の額縁１′の値に相当した保持回路６の保持電圧
値ｄを差引いたもの、すなわち紙幣１に印加され
たパターンのみが演算増巾器４の増巾率だけ増巾
され、第２図ｅのように出力される。 Therefore, the output e of the operational amplifier 4 when the banknote 1 is passing between the light source 2 and the light receiving element 3 is -
From the output a of the light receiving element 3 applied to the (minus) side input to the banknote 1 applied to the + (plus) side input
Only the holding voltage value d of the holding circuit 6 corresponding to the value of the picture frame 1' is subtracted, that is, only the pattern applied to the banknote 1 is amplified by the amplification rate of the operational amplification device 4, as shown in FIG. The output is as follows.
この出力を比較器のようなデイジイタル化回路
９に印加し、例えば第２図のような紙幣の新旧に
よらない安定な２値化出力ｆを得ることができ
る。 By applying this output to a digitizing circuit 9 such as a comparator, it is possible to obtain a stable binary output f regardless of whether the banknote is new or old, as shown in FIG. 2, for example.
第３図は本発明の他の一実施例を示す。受光素
子３は紙幣１からの反射光量を観測するものであ
り、その出力波形が第４図に示すようになる。 FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention. The light receiving element 3 is used to observe the amount of light reflected from the banknote 1, and its output waveform is as shown in FIG.
この受光素子３の出力ａを第１図と同様に、演
算増巾器４の−（マイナス）側入力に印加し、そ
の出力ｅを開閉素子５を介して保持回路６に印加
し、この保持回路６の出力ｄを演算増巾器４の＋
（プラス）側入力に印加して正帰還をかける。 The output a of this light-receiving element 3 is applied to the - (minus) side input of the operational amplifier 4 in the same way as in FIG. The output d of the circuit 6 is connected to the + of the operational amplifier 4.
(positive) side input to apply positive feedback.
一方、受光素子３の出力ａを通過検知回路１０
に印加した後、その出力を波形整形回路７を通し
て通過検知信号ｂとする。またこの実施例では遅
延回路８は搬送クロツク発生回路１１とシフトレ
ジスタ１２で構成される。搬送クロツク発生回路
１１は搬送速度に同期した搬送クロツクｇを発生
し、このクロツクをシフトレジスタ１２に印加す
る。シフトレジスタ１２は通過検知信号ｂでセツ
トされ、紙幣１の額縁１′の長さあるいはそれよ
りやや短かい長さに相当した搬送クロツク数だけ
遅延した通過検知信号ｃを出力させる。これが開
閉素子５のゲート信号ｃとなる。 On the other hand, the output a of the light receiving element 3 is passed through the detection circuit 10.
After the signal is applied to the signal, the output thereof is passed through the waveform shaping circuit 7 and is used as the passage detection signal b. Further, in this embodiment, the delay circuit 8 is composed of a transport clock generating circuit 11 and a shift register 12. A transport clock generating circuit 11 generates a transport clock g synchronized with the transport speed, and applies this clock to the shift register 12. The shift register 12 is set by the passage detection signal b, and outputs a passage detection signal c delayed by the number of transport clocks corresponding to the length of the frame 1' of the banknote 1 or a length slightly shorter than that. This becomes the gate signal c of the switching element 5.
演算増巾器４の出力ｅは、第４図のｅのように
保持回路６の保持電圧とは逆極性となつているの
で、極性反転回路１４によつて同極性に直し、デ
イジイタル化回路９に印加する。さらに第３図の
実施例において、保持回路６の保持電圧を、複数
個の抵抗で構成された分割回路１３に印加する。
分割回路１３は保持電圧値を分圧し、この実施例
では、その分圧値の２つVref1，Vref2をデイジイ
タル化回路９のしきい値として利用する。 Since the output e of the operational amplifier 4 has the opposite polarity to the holding voltage of the holding circuit 6 as shown in e in FIG. to be applied. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the holding voltage of the holding circuit 6 is applied to a dividing circuit 13 made up of a plurality of resistors.
The dividing circuit 13 divides the holding voltage value, and in this embodiment, two of the divided voltage values, Vref 1 and Vref 2, are used as the threshold values of the digitizing circuit 9.
こうすると、比較器２個で構成されるデイジイ
タル化回路９により、第４図のような２つの２値
化出力f1，f2が得られる。なお、しきい値を１個
にしても良いことは言うまでもない。 In this way, two binary outputs f 1 and f 2 as shown in FIG. 4 are obtained by the digitizing circuit 9 consisting of two comparators. Note that it goes without saying that the number of threshold values may be one.
第５図は第１図に図示した実施例の一具体的例
を示した電気回路図である。光源２はLEDを使
用しているが一般のランプでも良く、受光素子３
はホトダイオードを使用しているがホトトランジ
スタでも良い。保持回路６はコンデンサで負帰還
させたミラー積分器を使用している。他端子を接
地したコンデンサのみで保持回路を作ることより
も、保持電圧のドリフトが極めて少なくできる。
遅延回路８は抵抗ＲとコンデンサＣで構成し、入
力が開路された時の放電時定数Ｒ・Ｃにより遅延
させている。 FIG. 5 is an electrical circuit diagram showing a specific example of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The light source 2 uses an LED, but a general lamp may also be used, and the light receiving element 3
uses a photodiode, but a phototransistor may also be used. The holding circuit 6 uses a Miller integrator with negative feedback using a capacitor. Compared to creating a holding circuit using only a capacitor whose other terminal is grounded, the drift of the holding voltage can be significantly reduced.
The delay circuit 8 is composed of a resistor R and a capacitor C, and is delayed by a discharge time constant R·C when the input is opened.
デイジタル化回路９のしきい値Vrefは適当な
固定電圧を与えても良いが、保持回路６のの出力
を後述する第６図の分割回路１３と同様に高抵抗
によつて分圧することによりセンサ３のレベル変
化により可変にすることができ、より安定な出力
ｆを得ることができる。 Although a suitable fixed voltage may be applied to the threshold value Vref of the digitizing circuit 9, it is possible to divide the output of the holding circuit 6 using a high resistance as in the dividing circuit 13 of FIG. 6, which will be described later. It can be made variable by changing the level of 3, and a more stable output f can be obtained.
第６図は第３図示実施例の一具体例を示した電
気回路図である。通過検知回路１０は、特に反射
光量を観測する場合、受光素子３の出力は一般に
小さいので、紙幣１の通過を確実に検知できるよ
う充分増巾するため設けてある。 FIG. 6 is an electric circuit diagram showing a specific example of the third illustrated embodiment. The passage detection circuit 10 is provided to sufficiently amplify the output of the light-receiving element 3 so that the passage of the banknote 1 can be reliably detected, especially when observing the amount of reflected light, since the output of the light receiving element 3 is generally small.
本発明によれば、搬送されてくる紙幣毎にその
紙幣額縁部からの受光素子出力を保持し、この保
持電圧値と紙幣の印刷された模様部からの受光素
子出力と比較した差、すなわち印刷された模様パ
ターンのみが識別信号として用いられるので、紙
幣の新旧・汚れには全く無関係に識別できる。ま
た、光源の劣化や受光面へのほこり付着などの外
部要因による受光量の低下に対しても影響されな
い。また紙幣を搬送することにより単一の受光素
子でもつて紙幣上を走査し、走査上の複数箇所を
光電変換するので、受光素子の特性誤差が各箇所
に均等にあらわれ、特性変化による認識への影響
がない。
According to the present invention, the light-receiving element output from the bill frame is held for each bill that is conveyed, and the difference between this held voltage value and the light-receiving element output from the printed pattern part of the bill is calculated. Since only the printed pattern is used as an identification signal, identification is possible regardless of whether the banknote is old, new or dirty. Furthermore, it is not affected by a decrease in the amount of light received due to external factors such as deterioration of the light source or dust adhesion to the light receiving surface. Furthermore, as the banknote is conveyed, a single light-receiving element scans the banknote and photoelectrically converts multiple points on the scan, so errors in the characteristics of the light-receiving element appear evenly at each point, and changes in characteristics affect recognition. No impact.
さらに保持電圧値を分割してこの分圧値を受光
素子出力のデイジイタル化時の比較用しきい値と
して使用する場合には、その紙幣に適した比較用
しきい値が自動調節されることになる。すなわち
紙幣からの受光量が少なければ少ないなりに、比
較用しきい値も自動的に低く設定できるので、ど
んな紙幣に対しても適切な識別が行なえる。した
がつて、模様パターンのみが多値の濃度として得
られるため、受光量の大小に対しても対処可能な
高度な処理が可能となる。 Furthermore, when dividing the holding voltage value and using this divided voltage value as a comparison threshold when digitizing the light receiving element output, the comparison threshold suitable for the banknote will be automatically adjusted. Become. That is, the smaller the amount of light received from the banknote, the lower the comparison threshold value can be automatically set, so that any banknote can be appropriately identified. Therefore, only the pattern can be obtained as a multi-valued density, making it possible to perform sophisticated processing that can handle the magnitude of the amount of received light.
なお、印刷物の紙幣のみでなく、一般に切手な
どのように印刷物の周辺部に模様や文字などが全
く印刷されていないものであれば、どんなものに
も本発明を適用できるということはいうまでもな
い。 It goes without saying that the present invention can be applied not only to printed banknotes, but also to any printed material, such as stamps, in which no patterns or characters are printed on the periphery of the printed material. do not have.
第１図は本発明の一実施例、第２図は第１図示
実施例の動作を説明する波形図、第３図は他の一
実施例を示し、第４図は第３図示実施例の動作を
説明する波形図、第５図及び第６図は夫々第１図
示及び第３図示実施例を具体的に示す電気回路
図、第７図は演算増巾器の動作説明図を示すもの
である。
FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram explaining the operation of the first embodiment, FIG. 3 is another embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the third embodiment. FIGS. 5 and 6 are waveform diagrams for explaining the operation, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are electrical circuit diagrams specifically showing the embodiments shown in the first and third figures, respectively. FIG. be.
Claims (1)
なされている第２の領域とからなる印刷物の識別
方式において、前記第１の領域と前記第２の領域
を走査し、各々の像を光電変換する手段と、前記
光電変換手段が前記第１の領域を走査する期間中
の所定のタイミングで前記光電変換手段からの信
号を記憶する手段と、前記記憶手段に記憶された
信号と前記光電変換手段が前記第２の領域を走査
している間の信号との差を求める手段と、前記記
憶手段に記憶された信号を比例配分して比較信号
を求め、前記差を求める手段からの差信号と比較
し、多値の信号を発生する手段とを有し、前記多
値信号に基づき前記印刷物を識別することを特徴
とする印刷物の識別方式。1 In a printed matter identification method consisting of a first area without printing and a second area with printing, the first area and the second area are scanned and each image is photoelectronically scanned. means for converting, a means for storing a signal from the photoelectric conversion means at a predetermined timing during a period in which the photoelectric conversion means scans the first area, and a signal stored in the storage means and the photoelectric conversion means for determining a difference between a signal while the means scans the second area; and a difference signal from the means for determining a comparison signal by proportionally distributing the signals stored in the storage means and determining the difference. 1. A method for identifying a printed matter, characterized in that the printed matter is identified based on the multi-valued signal, and the printed matter is identified based on the multi-valued signal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4037977A JPS53126221A (en) | 1977-04-11 | 1977-04-11 | Discriminator for printed matter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4037977A JPS53126221A (en) | 1977-04-11 | 1977-04-11 | Discriminator for printed matter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS53126221A JPS53126221A (en) | 1978-11-04 |
| JPS6155152B2 true JPS6155152B2 (en) | 1986-11-26 |
Family
ID=12579008
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4037977A Granted JPS53126221A (en) | 1977-04-11 | 1977-04-11 | Discriminator for printed matter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53126221A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS622690Y2 (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1987-01-22 |
-
1977
- 1977-04-11 JP JP4037977A patent/JPS53126221A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS53126221A (en) | 1978-11-04 |
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