JPS61500309A - Deep hole polishing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Deep hole polishing equipment The present invention relates to an internal polishing device.

In internal polishing equipment, the polishing wheel is mounted on a shaft, and the shaft is attached to a bearing inside the housing. mounted inside the ring. The surface finish of a polished hole depends, among other things, on how closely the shaft is mounted. Depends on whether it's being hung.

The wheel must contact the inner surface of the hole with sufficient force. If this contact force is small However, if the rate of material removal is slow, the wheel may remain shiny, but it will be less At least the deflection of the shaft can be kept low. On the other hand, if the contact force is large, the shaft will move somewhat If the deflection worsens, the shaft may vibrate. Therefore, the wheel may be pushed too hard. There is a compromise between bending the shaft and slowing down production by pushing the wheel too weakly. There is.

The deeper the hole, the more severe this compromise becomes. Compromises are reduced by mounting the shaft more rigidly be done. The goal of the invention is to increase the strength with which the wheel is held against the surface of the hole. For small holes, there is usually no problem in obtaining the necessary stiffness. wheel mounted The shaft to be inserted into the hole must be sufficiently rigid that there is no support at least above the part of the shaft that enters the hole. It can be made as short as possible. In this regard, a shallow hole is defined as the depth of the hole. It does not exceed approximately 6 times the diameter.

The problem of having to provide rigidity to the shaft is when the hole has a depth greater than three times the diameter. It starts with what happens.

At these depths, the unsupported shaft becomes too weak, resulting in the results described above.

The following is a summary of some of the methods of supporting shafts as described by the prior art. be.

U.S. Patent No. 1,260,060 (June 19, 1918, Singer), No. 1 No. 441242 (January 9, 1923, Kuchiginson) describes the polishing wheel shaft. A housing is installed close to the wheel to support the bearing around the shaft. . The shaft is therefore free from bending deflections, which are mainly absorbed by the housing. will be collected.

U.S. Patent No. 1,430,993 (October 3, 1922, Plant) This is an example of using the hole itself to provide a support for a polishing wheel. Here the axis is the wheel mounted in the housing diametrically opposite the point where the hole contacts the hole surface. It will be hung.

In this device, the support for the wheel is attached to the housing from its attachment point outside the hole. does not depend on the cantilever stiffness of the Theoretically, at least very deep holes should be It can be polished without losing it.

There are a number of problems with supporting the wheel from the hole itself. First, the wheels When the wheel wears, the operator must adjust the position of the wheel radially with respect to the housing. Must be. If you do not do this, when the wheel wears out, the wheel will Do not come into contact with. The need to constantly compensate the wheel is the greatest demand and As can be seen in the description, it is assumed that the wear of the wheel in the hole leads to complications. , since measurement is not possible, there is a very high possibility that the correction is incorrect.

The second problem with taking support from holes is as follows. If the hole in the workpiece is truly cylindrical If there is even a slight error from the equation and there is a win, this error will definitely be repeated and amplified.

The wheel is pushed less hard at high points and less hard at low points. stomach. Such a support has pores with the characteristic that every other pore has the same diameter. make (i.e. at least the diameter, if the compensation for wear is correct and sufficient) all equal). Nevertheless, the holes are true circular with equal diameters. They may separate easily. Equal diameters must be axial and the walls of the holes are straight. The same applies to the cylindricity of the hole.

In addition, supporting from the hole itself as in plants causes errors in the position of the hole in the workpiece. Do not make any corrections. If consistency of the wall thickness of the workpiece around the hole is important (as usual) If so, the wheel must be prevented from wandering to one side, and must be provided with just a constant diameter. Support devices that are used are not prone to correcting this error. The main concern for extremely deep holes is The idea is to prevent the wheel from wandering.

Polishing equipment is generally made with the highest precision. To take advantage of all this precision, The polishing wheel must be rigidly mounted relative to the frame of the polishing device.

For these reasons, wheel support from the hole itself may not extend the hole to a considerable depth. In cases where it appears that polishing is possible, but in practice at least the cylindricity of the hole is important. is a device with major drawbacks that make it impractical.

U.S. Pat. No. 844,265 (Tollis, February 12, 1907) The support for the housing can be used to increase the bending strength of the housing as in the case of Singer and Robinson. from the pore itself, as is the case with plants.

All of the above patents teach the use of eccentricity in various ways indicated. Tris is How can the shaft and its bearings be eccentrically adjusted to compensate for wheel wear? It shows whether knots are formed. Obviously, such an adjustment method requires that the shaft be in the housing. It cannot be used unless it is extremely small in terms of dimensions, which means that the radial space O The plant also shows eccentrics that adjust the wheels radially outward to compensate for wear. are doing.

Contrary to Singer and Robinson, a circular circle around the inner surface of the hole in the workpiece Shows an eccentric that rotates the housing and shaft together for the purpose of pivoting the mold. Ru.

Disclosure of invention In the present invention, the housing is formed from one piece of material. Assembly of separate materials A piece occupying the same space is not rigid. Apart from the shaft and its bearings, No other force-bearing structures fit into the hole apart from the housing. housing There are no holes in the hole, and an obvious space cut exists between the housing and the hole in the workpiece.

Coolant and abrasive particles occupy this space as described below, but the rigidity-enhancing structure It doesn't occupy this space.

The support of the wheel is therefore dependent on the inherent rigidity of the housing and its mounting outside the hole. It comes only from the method of

In the invention, the shaft is journaled in the housing by a bearing close to the wheel. .

The purpose of this is to keep the shaft as free as possible from bending.

In the present invention, the wall thickness of the housing varies in different directions. The thinnest wall thickness is the The wheel is radially (i.e. viewed axially) beyond Mk in the direction of the thinner wall thickness. It's so small that it sticks out. This protrudes beyond the housing as well as the wheel. Without it, the surface of the hole cannot be polished. The wheel is inserted through the hole in the workpiece. and is fairly small in diameter even when not worn; the wheel is It can have a diameter perhaps larger than '/4.

The thickest wall thickness is large enough that the housing in that direction does not protrude beyond the wheel. .

Because in the present invention the housing has a larger volume than in the prior art It is recognized that there is room for The effect of increasing the thickness of the housing in the same plane that includes the line of action of the contact force between the It is recognized that this is effective. In other words, this volume increases the stiffness of the housing. There is room to add volume exactly where it is most effective.

Briefly, the invention consists in obtaining a housing having the following characteristics:

a) the housing is made from one piece of material; b) the housing is a polishing wheel. Adapting to bearings near the C) Bearings must be rigidly mounted within the housing; bearings must be movable or is not adjustable; d) The maximum wall thickness of the housing is such that the housing projects radially beyond the wheel. e) The housing must not be supported through the hole.

All these treatments achieve stiffness without compromising other aspects of the polishing process. for the purpose of polishing deep holes in a convenient and economical manner ((taken) Ru.

Further detailed description of the invention There are many optional features that are advantageous in the present invention.

For the purpose of wheel movement around the hole, the workpiece is rotated or Either the roll and housing assembly rotates. The choice is polishing equipment Although it is not normally available to users, it is integrated into the device. The present invention allows the workpiece to It is preferable to use these polishing devices that rotate. Reasons for selection are fixed The housing is tightly assembled within the frame of the device making the housing more rigid. It is possible to be involved.

Another advantage of the stationary housing is that the coolant can be moved very easily to the wheel. This means that it can be supplied to many people.

Coolant passing through the rotating housing and surrounding it? If it is possible to supply Hey, it's not possible without complexity.

The axis of the shaft and wheel need not be parallel to the axis of the hole in the workpiece. Shigashi The device is easier to make if the axes are parallel.

The wheel not only sharpens the next layer of metal with respect to the hole being polished; should be adjusted radially to compensate for wear on the valve. This feed motion moves the axis It can be installed by moving the housing diagonally, but the shaft and housing should not touch each other. Preferably, it is kept parallel to the hole and moved together as a unit during the feeding adjustment movement.

This latter arrangement is the easiest to make and provides the stiffest support for the wheel.

Similarly, if the wall thickness of the housing in a given direction (() is (or at least along all of the length of the housing that enters the hole) Preferably they are the same.

For ease of construction, the outer surface of the housing is true cylindrical, and the shaft (and bearings) Preferably, the housing is accommodated in a through hole eccentrically formed in the housing. .

The housing has a different shape, one that is somewhat better than a cylindrical shape from a stiffness point of view. It is possible to make one, and I will discuss this later.

In addition to the bearing close to the wheel, the length of the housing between the shaft and the housing It is preferred to have a number of bearings spaced along the line. This makes it faster Reduce shaft vibration. Also, there is a device to insulate the shaft from vibrations that can easily bend and deform the shaft. It is preferable to provide a

The housing has the thinnest wall thickness in the direction where the polishing wheel contacts the workpiece. It can have the largest volume and the thickest wall thicknesses are in diametrically opposite directions.

As with the shape of the housing, the goal is to utilize it to accommodate the volume of the housing. The available space is filled to the maximum extent possible, with only a small amount of space between the housing and the hole. It is about leaving a space.

Proper supply of coolant is important in any polishing operation. In the present invention, the above The goal is therefore to fill the hole to be polished with the volume of housing material; This presents a problem in the area of coolant supply. However, in the present invention, the coolant is Preferably, it is guided along the housing via a tube formed in the material of the housing.

This tube has a neutral axis of the housing within the material of the housing, i.e. the removal of material for the tube. can be formed near the neutral axis where the stiffness has little effect on the stiffness of the housing. come. Coolant is also injected axially from the end of the housing directly onto the wheel.

The incoming coolant fills the space between the housing and the bore with waste coolant and abrasive particles. Then push it out.

Using the device of the invention, holes can be polished to a depth of 10 or 12 times their diameter. You can. The support of the housing is suitable for blind holes and also for If the holes pass through the workpiece, one on each side of the wheel axis. can be supported on two housings, therefore 20 times its diameter or It is possible to polish a through hole that is 24 times as long.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawing description Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the device for polishing deep holes in a workpiece when the polishing wheel is new. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the cross-sectional line in Figure 1 when the polishing wheel is worn; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to Figure 2, and shows the modified housing when the wheel is new. Indication, FIG. 4 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 3 when the wheel is worn.

In FIG. 1, the workpiece 20 is long and deep with an inner surface 24 finished by polishing. It has a hole 23.

The polishing wheel 25 is fixedly attached to a polishing wheel shaft 26 that rotates at high speed. .

An end bearing 27 positions the shaft 26 close to the wheel 25. The bearing is It is installed in a bearing hole 29 formed in the housing 3o.

The housing 30 is provided with a shaft hole 32 concentric with the bearing hole 29. another bear The rings 34 are spaced apart along the shaft hole 32 . The bearing 34 is a spacer 35.

The housing 30 has a flange 36 which connects the housing to the polishing device. It is firmly attached to the frame 37 of. The shaft 26 is connected to another shaft within the frame 37. It is guided in a bearing 39 like a normal polishing device. Bearing 27.3 4 needs to be thin in the radial direction since these pass through the inner part of the hole 23, but the There is no need for ring 39 to be so thin in the radial direction. Bearing 34.2 7 may be a plain bearing or a needle roller bearing. Supply of lubricant is through port 4 0 and directed along the axis to the bearing 27°34.39.

A coolant tube 42 is drilled through the housing 30. Cooled by Bush 43 The waste material is jetted directly onto the wheel 25. The coolant is supplied through the port 45. be provided.

Housing 30 is formed from one piece of material. The flange is circular and has a shaft hole 3. It is concentric with 2. As shown in FIG. It is a true cylindrical shape that is eccentrically formed.

The minimum wall thickness 47 of the housing 30 does not extend beyond the wheel 25 in the radial direction. , the maximum wall thickness 49 is protruding.

The outer surface 46 of the housing 30 is unsupported from the surface 24 of the bore 23. Here is There is an edge space all around between the housing 30 and the hole 23.

6 and 4, the outer surface 46 of the housing 30 is not cylindrical but lemon-shaped, i.e. It has a true cylindrical shape with the center cut Mf removed. Wheel as shown in Figure 6 When the wheel is new, the surface 50 is open toward the edge of the hole 23, and the wheel is worn out. At this time, the surface 52 is open in the direction toward the edge of the hole 23.

The lemon shape shown in Figures 3 and 4 is the maximum that the housing can have; Therefore, this wall shape represents the most voluminous, i.e. the most filling, housing. shape is true It is obvious that it is more difficult to make than a cylindrical shape. However, it doesn't last long since it's lemon-shaped. The added stiffness has considerable advantages.

If the housing is cylindrical, the true cylindrical diameter 53 is equal to the dimension 54 shown in number 60. must not be too small.

The polishing device has a conventional device for rotating the workpiece 20 about the axis of the hole 23.

The device also feeds the workpiece 20 axially along the length of the hole 23 with respect to the wheel 25. Has normal equipment. Additionally, the device also moves the wheel 25 radially in and out with respect to the bore 23. It has the usual equipment to send it to.

Translation submission form of amendment iF (Patent Law Article 184-7, page 1, July 5, 1985)

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. In a polishing device that is combined with a workpiece having a deep cylindrical hole, A polishing wheel mounted on a shaft to rotate at high speed and a wheel made from one piece of material. and a bearing disposed between the shaft and the housing. the ring is located very close to said wheel in its axial position; The axis of the shaft is neither movable nor adjustable with respect to the housing in the radial direction. The piece of material constituting the housing is not collapsible and is radially from to the outer surface of said one material, and in different directions around said axis. with different wall thicknesses at The thinnest wall thickness of the piece of material is in a first direction, the thinnest wall thickness of the piece of material is The outer surface of the housing protrudes radially beyond the periphery of said fully worn wheel. So thin that there is no The thickest wall thickness of the piece of material in a second direction is the thickest wall thickness of the piece of material in that direction. The more the outer surface of the housing protrudes radially beyond the periphery of the new said wheel. thick, The housing is configured such that the wheel is inserted into the cylindrical hole of the workpiece directly in the hole. long enough and thin enough to penetrate to a depth of at least three times its diameter; When the wheel enters the hole to the depth, the outer surface of the housing is from the inner surface of the hole of the workpiece to any part of the housing and any part of the hole. a structure that strengthens the rigidity of the housing and occupies a space between the housing and the housing; A polishing device characterized by being separated so far that there is no 2. In the polishing apparatus according to claim 1, the axis of the shaft is within the workpiece. A polishing device parallel to the axis of the cylindrical hole. 3. The polishing device according to claim 2, wherein the device comprises: a device for adjusting the feed of the workpiece in a radial direction, the axis of the shaft being When adjusting the feed in the radial direction, the entire body moves relative to the axis of the hole and remains parallel thereto. polishing equipment. 4. The polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the device polishes the workpiece by polishing the workpiece. a device that rotates about the axis of the hole in the crop, and a device that rotates the housing along the axis; A polishing device having a device for fixing against rotation. 5. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the radial wall of the one material The thickness is the portion of the axial length of the housing that lies within the hole in a given direction. The polishing device is approximately constant along the minute. 6. The polishing device according to claim 5, wherein the outer surface of the housing is cylindrical. polishing equipment. 7. 6. The polishing device according to claim 5, wherein the outer surface of the housing is The mold, i.e. said outer surface, is a composite of two cylindrical mold surfaces, each of said surfaces being attached to said workpiece. has a smaller radius in the direction of the edge than the radius of the housing, and the total thickness of the housing is at most is also the smallest total thickness in the direction of thin wall thickness, and the said thickness measured perpendicular to said direction. The total thickness of the housing is the maximum total thickness of the polishing device. 8. In the polishing device according to claim 1, between the shaft and the housing. further bearings are spaced apart along the axial length of said housing. polishing equipment. 9. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a drive device for rotating the shaft; and a device operative to isolate the shaft from vibrations within the drive. 10. In the polishing apparatus according to claim 1, the direction of the thinnest wall thickness is a grinding wheel that is aligned with the direction of where the grinding wheel contacts the hole in the workpiece; Polishing device. 11. In the polishing apparatus according to claim 10, the direction of the thickest wall thickness is A polishing device diametrically opposed to the direction of said thinnest wall thickness. 12. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a coolant is conveyed to the wheel. Polishing equipment with equipment. 13. 13. The polishing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the device for conveying the coolant is an axially extending tube formed within a piece of material constituting the housing. A polishing device with 14. The polishing device according to claim 13, wherein the tube in the housing The direction of the polishing device corresponds to the direction of the thickest wall thickness. 15. 14. The polishing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the coolant is supplied from the tube to the front. A grinding device having a device which jets out as a jet directly onto the wheel in the axial direction.