JPS6149480B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS6149480B2
JPS6149480B2 JP54132308A JP13230879A JPS6149480B2 JP S6149480 B2 JPS6149480 B2 JP S6149480B2 JP 54132308 A JP54132308 A JP 54132308A JP 13230879 A JP13230879 A JP 13230879A JP S6149480 B2 JPS6149480 B2 JP S6149480B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
water
tunnel
paint
concrete
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP54132308A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5655700A (en
Inventor
Katsumi Iio
Makoto Tanakamaru
Shinji Nose
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osaka Soda Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Osaka Soda Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osaka Soda Co Ltd filed Critical Osaka Soda Co Ltd
Priority to JP13230879A priority Critical patent/JPS5655700A/en
Publication of JPS5655700A publication Critical patent/JPS5655700A/en
Publication of JPS6149480B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6149480B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は隧道のコンクリート面の塗装法に関す
る。 道路、軌道、水道等が地中または海底を通過す
る隧道はその内壁が主としてコンクリートで構成
されているが、コンクリート層の裏側、特に上部
からの水の圧力によつて透水、透湿が起りやす
く、その際、地中およびコンクリート内の水可溶
分を溶出し、それがコンクリート表面に滲出流下
の際に内壁表面に沈積し或いは外気の作用、特に
炭酸ガスによる炭酸化等も加わつて沈澱物が生成
凝集して汚れの原因となり甚だしい時は隧道内が
暗くなり交通安全上問題を生じる。従つて隧道内
壁の美化ならびに輝度照明のためにタイル、化粧
板による化粧や塗料塗材の塗布を行う場合が多
い。これらの化粧法のうち塗装の場合には前二者
に比べて安価に行えるが、有機物ビヒクルを使用
すると塗面の裏側からの水圧、水蒸気圧によつて
塗膜の剥離をおこし易く、その上に汚れがつき易
く且つこのような有機性の汚れは膜内部に浸透し
それを落すことは極めて困難で輝度の低下とな
る。さらに火災時に猛煙を発生するおそれ等によ
り、不燃性不煙性の無機質塗料の出現が強く望ま
れていた。本発明法はこのような要請に応じるた
めの方法を提供するものであつて、すなわち隧道
内のコンクリート表面に、コロイダルシリカとそ
の結合剤および骨材を含む常温硬化性無機質塗料
を塗布硬化せしめ耐水性、透湿性被膜を形成させ
ることを特徴とする隧道内装法である。 本発明に使用されるコロイダルシリカとは一般
に水化物として水中に懸濁している二酸化ケイ素
をいいゾルまたはゼリー状になつている。結合剤
としては水溶性ケイ酸塩または合成樹脂エマルジ
ヨンが挙げられ水溶性ケイ酸塩としては通常水ガ
ラスと呼ばれるケイ酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸カリウ
ムの水溶液、合成樹脂エマルジヨンとしてはアク
リル酸エステル、ブタジエン、スチレン、エチレ
ン等の単独もしくは混合系の乳化重合物が用いら
れる。水溶性ケイ酸塩を用いる場合は必要に応じ
亜硫酸カルシウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、チオ硫酸
カルシウム、酸化亜鉛、水酸化アルミニウム、ア
ルミナ、水和アルミナ等の硬化剤を使用してもよ
い。骨材としては好ましくは炭酸カルシウム、そ
の他ケイ砂、パーライト等が用いられる。またそ
の他充填剤としてタルク等を配合してもよい。以
上のような塗料を用いて隧道の内装を行う場合は
該塗料の硬化剤、骨材はできるだけ細い粒度のも
のを使用することが肝要であり100メツシユ以下
の粒度とすることが好ましい。粒度が100メツシ
ユより大なる硬化剤、骨材を用いると塗面への油
煙、泥水等が付着して汚れ易くなる欠点がある。
また時に200メツシユ以下の細粒を調合した塗料
の表面は油煙が付着しても単なる水洗でタール類
を含む汚れを洗い落すことができる。 上記のコロイダルシリカ、結合剤、骨材の調合
比はコロイダルシリカの固形分重量に対し結合剤
が10〜100重量%、骨材が全組成物中の10〜80重
量%を占める事が好ましい。結合剤が10重量%未
満であると硬化不良を起こし、耐水性、湿潤強度
等が低下する。また水溶性ケイ酸塩を30重量%以
上使用するときは硬化剤を使用する必要があるが
100重量%をこえるときは系全体の粘度上昇が大
きくなり好ましくない。合成樹脂系エマルジヨン
を結合剤として使用するときは60重量%をこえる
と塗面の裏側からの水圧、水蒸気圧によつて塗膜
の剥離を起すおそれがあり、また不燃材料として
好ましくない。また骨材の省略は接着性、作業性
が悪くなり、またクラツクの発生を来するのでそ
の使用は必須である。本発明法を実施する場合
に、隧道内気温によつて塗布後の耐水性発現まで
の所要時間が大きく変mmわるから、低温度の場合
は洩水に注意する必要がある。またその隧道が冬
期水の凍結をみるような寒冷地の場合には塗膜の
中の液体水分の含有をできるだけ避けるために、
シリコン系もしくはアルキル金属系の溌水剤を微
量添加することが望ましい。また隧道内輝度を向
上させるために塗料塗材の中に酸化チタンのよう
な高屈折顔料を適宜混合することが望ましいし、
また光反射を生ずるような物質たとえば雲母粉や
ガラスビーズ等加えてもよい。 本発明の実施するにあたつては硬化剤を使用す
る場合は施工に際して施工個所で硬化剤を配合し
て用いる。その他の材料はあらかじめ配合してお
いてもよいし、その場で混合してもよい。隧道内
のコーテイング手段としては吹付け、ローラ塗
り、コテ塗り等の施工手段を採用しうるが吹付け
が好ましい。塗膜の厚さはほぼ0.8〜2.5mm程度が
適当である。 上記のような常温硬化性の無機質塗料を使用す
る隧道内装法が特に効果的な諸点を説明する。隧
道内のコンクートは裏側の土質内水分を吸収し表
面に吐き出している。もしコンクリートにクラツ
クが生じているとその割れ目を通して水の状態で
滲出している場合が多い。通常表面が濡れている
場合のコンクリート面はKet式表面水分計で14〜
15%の水分含量を示すが濡れていないように見え
ても背圧によりコンクリート表面湿分は大きいこ
とが多く、このように隧道内壁は水を絶えず通し
ているものと考えねばならない。したがつてその
内壁表面を通気性のない塗膜で覆つた場合は水ま
たは水蒸気背圧によつて塗膜が脹れを起しついで
剥離、破壊することになる。それ故通常の有機質
塗料で内装を行うと、その膜は連続膜であるから
上記のような剥離、破壊が避けられない。本発明
法に使用される無機質塗料は本質的には微視的に
多孔質又は多細毛クラツク質な塗膜を形成し、透
湿性であると同時に耐水性を有する。また隧道内
のコンクリート基材は加熱によつて脆弱化する
故、加熱を要する塗料の使用は好ましくない。ま
た前述のように隧道内壁に水の滲出流下する場合
が多い故、塗料は塗布後できるだけ早く不溶性の
塗膜を形成する必要がある。たとえば内壁のある
部分の水の流下を一時的に阻止しえてもそのコン
クリート背後の水脈は他の弱い場所に滲出流下す
るからできるだけ早く塗布後は耐水性の膜を形成
しなければならず、その期間は望ましく3時間、
遅くとも24時間以内である。通常のセメント系塗
材ではこのような短時間内に耐水性塗膜を形成す
ることは困難であり、また合成樹脂系エマルジヨ
ンビヒクルとした塗料では水の蒸発によつて成膜
されるので、基材が湿つている個所に塗布しても
耐水性塗膜を生成し難い。本発明方法に使用され
る無機質塗料は常温硬化性であつて全く加熱を必
要とせず、上記の耐水性、透湿性の好まし性質と
相いまつて極めて有効に隧道内装を行うことがで
きる。 以上のように本発明法によればコロイダルシリ
カとその結合剤、骨材を含む常温硬化性無機質塗
料を隧道内のコンクリート表面に塗布することに
より、隧道内の特殊条件に耐えうる被膜を形成す
ることができるので極めて工業的に有効である。
また硬化剤を使用しない場合はI液性で使用しう
る利点がある。 以下実施例、比較例により本発明の効果を説明
する。 実施例、比較例 塗料の製造、および塗装法は次表に示すコロイ
ダルシリカ、結合剤、骨材等をミキサーで均一に
分散させて無機質塗料を得、これを隧道に使用さ
れるコンクリート基材(尺角、厚み100mm)にス
プレー塗装して常温硬化させ塗膜の物性試験を行
つた。この物性試験方法は次の如くである。 耐水性……加工3日および20日後、1時間水漬し
た後、水中でブラツシ洗滌し表面目視測定。 透水性……加工3日後、表面に直径75mmの漏斗を
逆にして高さ250mmの水柱を立て24時間後の透
水量を測定。 耐候性……ウエザオメーターにより1000時間後表
面目視測定。 洗滌試験……デイーゼル車で塗膜に油煙を吹付け
塗面を黒く汚染させ1ケ月経過後、汚染面を水
をかけながらシユロブラツシにてできるだけ洗
滌し目視測定。 評 価 ◎ 元の状態にまで回復 〇 少数の黒い汚点残存 △ 全体的に汚染が残存 × 汚染物が中まで浸透し黒つぽい 屋外曝露……加工3日後1年間の目視測定 透湿性……供給品の一側面の該無機質塗料塗装面
以外の表面をエポキシ塗装して透湿性を遮断
し、さらに上面に小穴を穿つて水を注入後密栓
し1ケ月後における水分減量を測定。 接着性……加工7日後、建研式引張り強度試験機
にて測定。 なお以下示す例における組成はいずれも重量部
を示す。
The present invention relates to a method for painting concrete surfaces of tunnels. The inner walls of tunnels, where roads, tracks, water supplies, etc. pass underground or under the sea, are mainly made of concrete, but water permeation and moisture permeation easily occur due to the pressure of water from behind the concrete layer, especially from above. At that time, water-soluble substances in the ground and in the concrete are leached out, which oozes out onto the concrete surface, deposits on the inner wall surface as it flows down, or becomes precipitated due to the action of outside air, especially carbonation due to carbon dioxide gas. The particles form and aggregate, causing dirt and, in severe cases, darkening the tunnel and causing traffic safety problems. Therefore, in order to beautify the inner walls of the tunnel and provide bright lighting, tiles, decorative boards, and paints are often applied. Of these cosmetic methods, painting is cheaper than the first two, but if an organic vehicle is used, the paint film is likely to peel off due to water pressure and water vapor pressure from the back side of the painted surface. It is easy for dirt to adhere to the film, and such organic dirt penetrates into the inside of the film, making it extremely difficult to remove it and causing a decrease in brightness. Furthermore, due to the risk of generating heavy smoke in the event of a fire, there has been a strong desire for a nonflammable and smokeless inorganic paint. The method of the present invention provides a method to meet these demands. Specifically, a cold-curing inorganic paint containing colloidal silica, its binder, and aggregate is applied and cured to the concrete surface of the tunnel, thereby making it waterproof. This is a tunnel interior method characterized by forming a transparent and moisture permeable film. The colloidal silica used in the present invention is generally silicon dioxide suspended in water as a hydrate, and is in the form of a sol or jelly. Examples of binders include water-soluble silicates and synthetic resin emulsions. Examples of water-soluble silicates include aqueous solutions of sodium silicate and potassium silicate, commonly called water glass, and examples of synthetic resin emulsions include acrylic esters, butadiene, and styrene. A single or mixed emulsion polymer of ethylene, ethylene, etc. is used. When using a water-soluble silicate, a hardening agent such as calcium sulfite, calcium silicate, calcium thiosulfate, zinc oxide, aluminum hydroxide, alumina, or hydrated alumina may be used as required. Preferably, calcium carbonate, silica sand, perlite, etc. are used as the aggregate. In addition, talc or the like may be added as a filler. When the above-mentioned paint is used to decorate the interior of a tunnel, it is important to use the curing agent and aggregate of the paint with as fine a particle size as possible, and the particle size is preferably 100 mesh or less. If a curing agent or aggregate with a particle size larger than 100 mesh is used, there is a drawback that oil smoke, muddy water, etc. will adhere to the painted surface and it will easily become dirty.
In addition, even if oil smoke adheres to the surface of a paint containing fine particles of 200 mesh or less, the dirt, including tar, can be washed off by simply washing with water. The blending ratio of the colloidal silica, binder, and aggregate is preferably such that the binder accounts for 10 to 100% by weight and the aggregate accounts for 10 to 80% by weight of the total weight of the colloidal silica. If the binder content is less than 10% by weight, curing failure will occur and water resistance, wet strength, etc. will decrease. Also, when using 30% or more of water-soluble silicate, it is necessary to use a hardening agent.
When it exceeds 100% by weight, the viscosity of the entire system increases unfavorably. When a synthetic resin emulsion is used as a binder, if it exceeds 60% by weight, the paint film may peel off due to water pressure or steam pressure from the back side of the painted surface, and it is not preferred as a nonflammable material. Furthermore, omitting aggregate deteriorates adhesion and workability, and also causes cracks, so its use is essential. When carrying out the method of the present invention, the time required for water resistance to develop after application varies greatly depending on the temperature inside the tunnel, so care must be taken to prevent water leakage when the temperature is low. In addition, if the tunnel is located in a cold region where the water freezes in winter, in order to avoid liquid moisture in the coating as much as possible,
It is desirable to add a small amount of silicon-based or alkyl metal-based water repellent. In addition, it is desirable to appropriately mix a high refractive pigment such as titanium oxide into the paint coating material in order to improve the brightness inside the tunnel.
A substance that causes light reflection, such as mica powder or glass beads, may also be added. In carrying out the present invention, if a hardening agent is used, it is mixed at the construction site and used. Other materials may be blended in advance or may be mixed on the spot. As the coating method inside the tunnel, construction methods such as spraying, roller coating, and troweling can be employed, but spraying is preferable. The appropriate thickness of the coating film is about 0.8 to 2.5 mm. The various points in which the tunnel interior decoration method using the above-mentioned room-temperature-curable inorganic paint is particularly effective will be explained. The concrete inside the tunnel absorbs moisture in the soil on the back side and discharges it to the surface. If cracks occur in concrete, water often seeps through the cracks. Concrete surfaces when the surface is normally wet are measured with a Ket surface moisture meter at 14~
Although it shows a moisture content of 15%, even if it does not appear to be wet, there is often a high moisture content on the concrete surface due to back pressure, and we must assume that water is constantly passing through the inner walls of the tunnel. Therefore, if the inner wall surface is covered with a non-permeable paint film, the paint film will swell due to water or steam back pressure and will peel off and be destroyed. Therefore, if the interior is painted with a normal organic paint, the film is a continuous film, so the above-mentioned peeling and destruction are unavoidable. The inorganic coating material used in the method of the present invention essentially forms a microscopically porous or filamentous coating film that is both moisture permeable and water resistant. Furthermore, since the concrete base material inside the tunnel becomes brittle when heated, it is not preferable to use paints that require heating. Furthermore, as mentioned above, since water often oozes down the inner walls of tunnels, it is necessary to form an insoluble coating film as soon as possible after application of the paint. For example, even if water can be temporarily blocked from flowing down on a certain part of the inner wall, the water veins behind the concrete will seep into other weak spots, so it is necessary to form a water-resistant film as soon as possible after application. The period is preferably 3 hours,
Within 24 hours at the latest. It is difficult to form a water-resistant coating in such a short time with ordinary cement-based coating materials, and with coatings using synthetic resin emulsion vehicles, the coating is formed by evaporation of water. It is difficult to form a water-resistant coating even when applied to areas where the substrate is damp. The inorganic paint used in the method of the present invention is curable at room temperature and does not require any heating at all, and together with the above-mentioned desirable properties of water resistance and moisture permeability, it can be used for extremely effective tunnel interior decoration. As described above, according to the method of the present invention, by applying a cold-curing inorganic paint containing colloidal silica, its binder, and aggregate to the concrete surface inside the tunnel, a film that can withstand the special conditions inside the tunnel is formed. This makes it extremely industrially effective.
Further, when no curing agent is used, there is an advantage that it can be used as an I liquid. The effects of the present invention will be explained below using Examples and Comparative Examples. Examples and Comparative Examples The production and coating method of the paint is as follows: Colloidal silica, binder, aggregate, etc. shown in the table below are uniformly dispersed in a mixer to obtain an inorganic paint, and this is applied to the concrete base material used for tunnels ( The material was spray-painted onto a surface (100mm thick), cured at room temperature, and tested for the physical properties of the coating. The physical property test method is as follows. Water resistance: 3 and 20 days after processing, soaked in water for 1 hour, washed with a brush in water, and visually measured the surface. Water permeability: Three days after processing, a 250mm height water column was placed on the surface using an inverted funnel with a diameter of 75mm, and the amount of water permeation was measured 24 hours later. Weather resistance... Visually measured the surface after 1000 hours using a weather meter. Cleaning test: Spray oil smoke onto the paint film using a diesel car to stain the paint surface black. After one month, wash the contaminated surface as much as possible with a brush while spraying water and visually measure. Evaluation: ◎ Restored to original condition 〇 A few black spots remain △ Contamination remains overall × Contaminants penetrate deep into the product and it looks dark Outdoor exposure... Visually measured moisture permeability for 1 year after 3 days of processing... Supply One side of the product, other than the inorganic paint-coated surface, is coated with epoxy to block moisture permeability, and a small hole is made in the top surface, water is poured in, the product is sealed, and the water loss is measured after one month. Adhesion...7 days after processing, measured using a Kenken tensile strength tester. Note that all compositions in the examples shown below indicate parts by weight.

【表】【table】

【表】【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 隧道内のコンクリート表面に、コロイダルシ
リカとその結合剤および骨材を含む常温硬化性無
機質塗料を塗布硬化せしめ耐水性、透湿性被膜を
形成させることを特徴とする隧道内装法。
1. A tunnel interior decoration method characterized by applying and curing a cold-curing inorganic paint containing colloidal silica, its binder, and aggregate to the concrete surface of the tunnel to form a water-resistant, moisture-permeable film.
JP13230879A 1979-10-12 1979-10-12 Internal finishing of tunnels Granted JPS5655700A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13230879A JPS5655700A (en) 1979-10-12 1979-10-12 Internal finishing of tunnels

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13230879A JPS5655700A (en) 1979-10-12 1979-10-12 Internal finishing of tunnels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5655700A JPS5655700A (en) 1981-05-16
JPS6149480B2 true JPS6149480B2 (en) 1986-10-29

Family

ID=15078264

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP13230879A Granted JPS5655700A (en) 1979-10-12 1979-10-12 Internal finishing of tunnels

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5655700A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2608553B2 (en) * 1987-01-24 1997-05-07 ジャパン・ザイペックス株式会社 Tunnel water reinforcement method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5655700A (en) 1981-05-16

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