JPS6139096A - Music sound forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a musical tone forming device used in electronic musical instruments, etc., and is suitable for use in multitone electronic musical instruments that simultaneously generate a plurality of musical tones. Regarding equipment.

[Prior art]

One of the musical tone forming methods used in electronic musical instruments etc. is as follows: 1. Each instantaneous value of a musical sound waveform from the start to the end of a natural instrument sound is stored in a memory as musical sound waveform data (digital data), and the musical sound is A method of reading out waveform data and forming musical tones is known (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 1213313/1983). Although this method can produce musical sounds close to natural musical instrument sounds, it requires a huge amount of memory capacity. Therefore, in a musical tone forming apparatus using this method, it is desirable to use a memory having a large storage capacity, such as a magnetic disk.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

By the way, while magnetic disks have the advantage of large storage capacity, they also have the disadvantage of taking time to access. For this reason, there is a problem that musical tones cannot be formed in real time. In addition, when applying this to a multitone electronic musical instrument that generates musical tones from multiple pressed keys at the same time, the musical sound waveform data in different storage tracks corresponding to each pressed key cannot be tracked except by reading from the magnetic disk. A problem arises in that it is not possible to simultaneously read out the musical tones corresponding to each pressed key in a time-division manner.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problem, and its purpose is to provide a musical tone forming device using a waveform memory reading method using a storage medium such as a magnetic disk, which is capable of forming musical tones in real time, and which is capable of forming multiple tones. To provide a musical tone forming device capable of simultaneously forming two musical tones.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention is characterized in that a multi-head is provided which has a number of reading heads equal to the number of storage tracks in which tone waveform data relating to at least seven tones are stored.

[Effect]

For example, if tone waveform data relating to seven tones are stored over r tracks, a multi-head having 1r reading heads is provided so that the tone waveform data of each track can be read simultaneously. With this configuration, musical tones can be generated continuously in real time, and it is also possible to generate a plurality of musical tones at the same time. In other words, if there are, for example, a number of read heads, the r tracks must be sequentially switched and read using the seven heads, and even if another key is pressed during this time, the musical tone of that key will not be heard. It can only happen. On the other hand, if heads are provided, musical tones can be generated continuously by sequentially selecting the output of each head, and for example, musical tones can be generated by the output of the μth head. If another key is pressed at the same time, the musical tone of the first pressed key will be generated sequentially based on the output of the jth to jth heads; may be generated sequentially based on the outputs of the seventh, second, etc. heads. That is,
Multiple musical tones can be generated simultaneously. .

〔Example〕

FIG. 2 is an overall block diagram showing one embodiment of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a detailed example of the musical sound waveform generator 7 in the same embodiment. The embodiments shown in these figures have second to third musical tone generation channels, and are capable of simultaneously generating maximum r musical tones. Further, the musical tone forming process is performed by time division processing using the clock pulse φo as a time base. That is, the mark in FIG. 3 indicates the clock pulse φo, and -&t1(
b) indicates the time-sharing processing timing. In this case, (b)
In the second to second time slots shown in
- Each musical tone forming process for the t-th channel is performed.

Each part of FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described in detail below.

First, in FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a keyboard section, which is comprised of a plurality of keys and a key switch for detecting key operations, which is sunk below six keys. The key assigner 2 detects the on/off state of the six keys by scanning the output of each key switch on the keyboard part l, and when any key is pressed, the key code KC of the same key is assigned to the second to rth keys. If the channel is assigned to an empty channel, and the key is released, the above assignment is canceled. Also, key assigner 2 is
In the second time slot shown in FIG. 3, the key code KC assigned to the second channel is output, and the key-on signal KON and key-on pulse KONP relating to the second channel are output.

In this case, the key-on signal KON is the 'l' signal when the key code KC is assigned to the IT i channel.
If the key code KC is not assigned, it becomes a '0' signal. Furthermore, the key-on pulse KoNP becomes a '1' signal only in the second time loft immediately after the key code KC is newly assigned to the second channel.

The tone color selector 3 detects the operating states of a plurality of tone color setting operators provided on the operation panel and outputs a tone code TC corresponding to the currently set operator. The magnetic disk 4 stores in advance each instantaneous value (excluding the start-up portion) of musical sound waveforms corresponding to each of a plurality of tones (selectable tones using the tone selector 3) or musical sound waveform data (digital data). There is. That is, Figure 1 is a waveform diagram showing an example of a musical tone waveform, and the magnetic disk 4 stores musical tone waveform data of parts Al to A8 excluding the rising edge Ao of the musical tone waveform shown in this figure. has been done.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the storage state of the magnetic disk 4. Tracks TRI to TR8 in this diagram each have a tone color TN.
Each tone waveform data of parts A1 to As (see FIG. μ) of tone color I is stored, and each tone waveform data of parts A1 to A8 of tone color TN2 is stored in tracks TR9 to TR16, respectively. Similarly, tone waveform data corresponding to the tone waveform of each tone color is sequentially stored. In this case, the number of bytes of each tone waveform data in parts A1-A8 is fKB (kilobyte), and track T
The storage capacity of each of RI, TR2, etc. is also KB.

Further, each of the musical tone waveforms stored on the magnetic disk 4 is a waveform that is normalized to a certain level without being given an envelope. And each track TRI~
Each tone waveform data of TR8, TR9 to TR16°, . . . is read by a multi-hendo having t magnetic heads corresponding to consecutive male tracks.

Incidentally, the start-up section Ao (rKB) shown in Fig. 1 will be described later.

Next, details of the one-tone sound waveform generator 7 will be explained with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 8 denotes an initial waveform generation circuit, which is comprised of an initial waveform memory 9, a readout circuit 10, and parallel conversion circuits 11 and 12. The initial waveform memory 9 is a semiconductor memory (ROM'! RAM).
As shown in FIG. 6, storage area ME1. ME2..., and these storage areas ME1. Musical sound waveform data CIKB) of the rising edge portions Ao (see FIG. 1) of the musical sound waveforms of the tones TN1, TN2, . . . are stored in ME2, respectively. And each storage area M mentioned above
Any seven of E1, MB2, .
... is read out based on the address data AD output from the readout circuit 1°.

The readout circuit 10 creates address data AD in a time-division manner for each channel and outputs it to the initial waveform memory 9. That is, the address data AD of the seventh to first channels are created in the second to sixth time slots shown in FIG. 3, respectively, and output to the initial waveform memory 9. In this case, the operations performed in response to our channel are as follows. First, when the key +t y H A / S K ON P is supplied, the start address of the storage area (this storage area is assumed to be MB2, for example) corresponding to the tone code TC is output. Thereafter, address data AD that successively increases at a speed corresponding to the pitch of the key code KC is created and sequentially output to the initial waveform memory 9. And memory area ME
At the time when address data AD specifying the final address of No. 2 is output to the memory 9, a pulse signal FA is output. Therefore, the above operations are performed independently for each time slot. As a result, the memory 9 sequentially outputs the tone waveform data of the seventh to t channels. Then, the output data is supplied to the parallel conversion circuit 11. The parallel conversion circuit 11 outputs the musical tone waveform data output from the memory 9 in the second time slot to the musical tone waveform processing circuit 13-1 that performs waveform forming processing of the second channel (data z w i ). Similarly, the musical sound waveform data output from the memory 9 in the second to female time slots are
It is output to musical sound waveform processing circuits 13-2 to 13-8 (data IW2 to IW8). Moreover, the parallel conversion circuit 12
The signals FA supplied at four Hz times of 1 m are output as signals FAN to FA8, respectively.

Next, reference numeral 6 in FIG. 2 is a multi-hendo shown in FIG. 5, and the outputs of two magnetic hends H1 to H8 provided in this multi-hendo are supplied to a distribution circuit 15, respectively. Further, this multi-head 6 is connected to a head moving device 16.
driven by.

The head moving device 16 moves the multi-head 6 to a position corresponding to the tone code TC. That is, if the tone code TC is a code indicating the tone TNI, for example, move the multi-head 6 to the track position where the tone waveform data of the tone TN1 is stored (the position indicated by TNI in FIG. 5), and , if you receive a tone code TC or a code indicating tone TN2, set the multi-head to tone TN2.
to the track position.

17 is an index pulse generator that generates an index pulse IP every time the magnetic disk 4 rotates;
It is output to the track designation circuit 18.

The track designation circuit 18 is a type of time division counter that operates as two counters, and operates as a different counter in each of the first to first time slots. In this case, the operation in each time slot is as follows. First, in the initial state, "0" is output as track data TD. Next, after the key-on pulse KONP is supplied, it waits until the index pulse IP is supplied, and at the time the index pulse IP is supplied, the track data TDrlJ is output. After that, r2 is set as track data TD every time index pulse IP is supplied.
J, r3J... "8" is output in sequence. After outputting the track data TDr8J, when the next index pulse IP is supplied, the track data TDr8J is output again.
OJ is output, and thereafter data TDrOJ is continuously output until the key-on pulse KONP is supplied again. The channel counter 19 is a circuit that outputs channel numbers CHNr I J to "8" in the first to first main slots, respectively.

The distribution circuit 1-5 converts the respective outputs of the magnetic heads H1 to H8 into parallel data, and sends the outputs of the magnetic heads H1 to H8 to parallel data.
-8 (No') Selectively output to a plurality of channels In this case, data selection is performed based on track data TD and channel number CHN. That is, for example, when the channel number CHN is rlJ (first time slot), when track data TDrlJ is supplied, the output of the magnetic head H1 is outputted as data WDI to the tone waveform processing circuit 13-1.

Thereafter, the channel number CHN changes successively, or the output of the magnetic hand H1 is continuously output as data WDI. Next, when the track data TD changes to "2" in channel number CHNrlJ, the output of the magnetic head H2 is thereafter continuously output as data WDI.

Hereinafter, in the channel number CHNr I J, when the track data TD successively changes to r3J, r4J, . . . "8", each output of the magnetic heads H3, H4, . Then, when the track data TD returns to "0", the output of the data WDI is stopped. Also, the output of the magnetic head H1 is data WDI.
For example, when the channel number is output as CHNr3J.

When track data TD "1" is supplied, the musical sound waveform processing circuit 13 uses the output of the magnetic head H1 as data WD3.
Output to -3. That is, in this case, the output of the magnetic head H1 is supplied to the tone waveform processing circuits 13-1 and 13-3, respectively. Thereafter, when the track data TD changes to r2J, r3J... "8" in channel number CHNr3J, the magnetic heads H2, H
3... Each output of H8 is sequentially output as data WD3.

The parallel conversion circuit 21 converts the key code KC, key-on signal KON, and key-on pulse KONP supplied in the second time slot into the key code KC1, key-on signal KON1 . The key codes KC,
Key-on signal KON, key-on pulse KO, NP as key code 02-KC8, key-on signal KON2-KON
The 8° key-on pulses are output as KONP2 to KONP8 to the musical sound waveform processing circuits 13-2 to 13-8.

The musical sound waveform processing circuits 13-1 to 13-8 are all the same circuit, and the details thereof are shown in the processing circuit 13-IK. In this processing circuit 13-1, the read clock generation circuit 2
3 is a circuit that generates a clock pulse φR having a frequency corresponding to the key code KCI. In addition, the Ev generator 24
is the envelope day/ED that corresponds to the tone code TC.
(device that generates digital data corresponding to each instantaneous value of the envelope waveform)] After the key-on signal KON1 rises to the 1" signal, the envelope data JE
Output D sequentially. Note that other components of the processing circuit 13-1 will be described later in the operation description.

The adder 25 adds the data output from the musical sound waveform processing circuits 13-1 to 13-8, and outputs the addition result to the sound system 26. The sound system 26 converts the output data of the adder 25 into an analog signal, and produces musical tones from a speaker.

In the following, the operation of the above-mentioned embodiment will be explained. Now, assume that a key (designated A) on the keyboard section 1 is pressed, and the key assigner 2 assigns the key code KC of this key A to the seventh channel. In this case, the key AO key code KC and the key-on signal KON (@1" signal) are output from the key assigner 2 in the subsequent second time slot, and the key-on pulse KONP (@1" signal) is output from the key assigner 2 in the seventh time slot immediately after the assignment. 1 ”signal) once f
f is output. When the key-on pulse KONP is output from the key assigner 2 in the second time slot, the key-on pulse KONP1 is output from the parallel conversion circuit 21, and the set/reset flip-flop (hereinafter abbreviated as FF) in the musical waveform processing circuit 13-1 is output. ) is supplied to each reset terminal R of 28.29, and the K! u, FF28.
29 are reset together. FF28 has been reset,
When the 0" signal is output from the output terminal Q, the gate circuit 30 is closed. Also, when the FF 29 is reset and the 0" signal is output from the output terminal Q, the AND gate 31 is closed. In the closed state, the input terminal B and the output terminal of the selector 32 are electrically connected.

On the other hand, in the first time slot, the key-on pulse KO
When NP is supplied to the readout circuit lO of the initial waveform generation circuit 8, the tone waveform data of the rising edge Ao (FIG. 3) stored in the initial waveform memory 9 is stored in the key code KC of the key A. They are read out sequentially at the corresponding speed. This read data is output from the parallel conversion circuit 11 as data IWI, and is supplied to the input terminal B of the selector 32. At this time, as described above, the selector 32 inputs its input terminal B.
and the output terminal are connected. Therefore, data I
WI is supplied to a multiplier 33 via a selector 32, multiplied by envelope data ED in this multiplier 33, and the result of this multiplication is supplied to an adder 25. here,
If each output of the musical sound waveform processing circuits 13-2 to 13-8 is set to "0" (that is, if any of the first to seventh channels K is not assigned a sound), then the output from the adder 25 is The output data of the multiplier 33 is output as is and supplied to the sound system 26.

As a result, the musical tone of the rising edge AO of the key AI:1) musical waveform is generated.

In this way, while the start-up section AO is generating musical tones, the magnetic disk 4 is accessed and reading of the internal data, that is, the musical waveform data of sections 1 to 88 is started. That is, when the key-on pulse KONP is output from the key assigner 2 in the second time slot and supplied to the track designation circuit 18, when the next index pulse IP is output from the index pulse generator 17, the track designation circuit 18 outputs the key-on pulse KONP. Data TDr I J is output. As a result, from now on, the output of the magnetic head H1 is sent to the gate circuit 30 as data WDI.
Following the output of the magnetic head H1, the outputs of the magnetic heads H2, H3...H8 are sequentially supplied to the data WD.
It is supplied to the gate circuit 30 as I. On the other hand, FF28
is set by index pulse IP. Then, FF28 is set, and from its output terminal Q,
'' signal is output, the gate circuit 30 becomes open.

As a result, the data WDI passes through the gate circuit 30 to the FI
The signals are supplied to an FO (first-in-first-out) memory 35 and sequentially written into this memory 35. In addition,
This writing is performed by a clock pulse φWK synchronized with the read speed of the magnetic disk 4.

On the other hand, when the readout of all tone waveform data in the initial waveform memory 9 is completed, the readout circuit 10 outputs the signal FA in the second time slot, and therefore the parallel conversion circuit 12 outputs the signal FAI. Then, the signal FAI is supplied to the set terminal S of the FF 29. As a result, the FF 29 is set, and the ``'1'' signal is output from its output terminal Q. The @1# signal causes the cyan and gate 31 to open, and the selector 3
The input terminal A and the output terminal of No. 2 are electrically connected. When the AND gate 31 is in the open state, the key code K of key A is
A clock pulse φR having a frequency corresponding to the pitch of C is supplied to the FIFO memory 35 via the AND gate 31. As a result, data in the FIFO memory 35 (tone waveform data of portions A 1 +A 2 . . . ) is sequentially read out and supplied to the multiplier 33 via the selector 32 . Then, this multiplier 33 multiplies the envelope data ED, and the multiplication result is sent to the adder 25 via [
is supplied to the sound system 26, whereby part A
1 e A 2 . . . A8 musical tones are generated in sequence.

The above describes the case where only 7 keys A are pressed. For example, if 1 key is pressed at the same time, the sound of 6 keys or the 2nd to t channels will be assigned to each, and therefore the musical sound will be Data corresponding to each of the two keys is output from the waveform processing circuits 13-1 to 13-8. Then, these data are added in an adder 25, and the addition result is supplied to a sound system 26. As a result, musical tones of t keys are generated simultaneously in the sound system 26.

The above are the details of FIG. 2 and the embodiment shown in FIG. Next, a modification of the first embodiment described above will be described.

(1) In the above embodiment, sets of musical sound waveform data are stored corresponding to each tone color. Therefore, once a timbre is set by the timbre selector 3, the shape of the musical sound waveform remains constant (the period changes) regardless of the pitch of the key. In contrast, the sound waveform of an actual natural musical instrument changes slightly depending on the pitch. Therefore, if you want to make minute changes in the musical sound waveform depending on the pitch of the key, do the following.

For example, dz “octave keyboard is divided into two key ranges (each key range =
1/octave), and prepare musical sound waveform data for each timbre, one for each key range. That is, for each tone, the musical waveform data of the start-up section Ao of the rm class is stored in advance in the initial waveform memo IJ9, and on the other hand, each of the sections Al-A3 is stored on the magnetic disk 4 in the state shown in FIG. Store musical sound waveform data. In this Figure 7, Mol
, MO2°... are musical waveform data of the lowest key range of the tone TNI, Mll, M12. ... are each tone TNI
The tone waveform data for the next key range is J, M21. M22・
....

M31. The same applies to M32, etc. Then, each musical waveform data described above is read out based on the tone code TC and key code KC to generate musical tones.

In addition, in the case of the above-mentioned configuration, for l tone, 8 (number of tracks for ) key range) x 8 (number of key range) = 64 (tracks)
For example, in the case of 20 tones, a 1280) rack is required. Also, when reading each data, 64
A multi-head having A number of magnetic heads (corresponding to the number of tracks for timbres) may be moved in accordance with the timbre to read the information, or a fixed multi-head having 1xro magnetic heads may be used. It may also be read by a head.

All of these reading methods are fully practicable with the current state of the art.

(2) Instead of the magnetic disk 4, an optical disk, a laser disk, a VI (D system disk, etc.) may be used.

(3) Instead of storing musical sound waveform data commonly for all keys or for each key range (each pitch range), musical sound waveform data may be stored for each key (each pitch).

(4) The selector 32 (Fig. 2) controls the start-up section Ao.
(5) Instead of the selector 32, an interpolation circuit may be used.

That is, the data in the initial waveform memory 9 is data whose amplitude sequentially decreases at the rear end, while the data on the magnetic disk 4 is data whose amplitude sequentially increases at the front end, and these are combined and output to the multiplier 33. You may also do so.

(6) Instead of storing the entire musical sound waveform from the start of sound to the end of sound, an attack section (different from the start-up section A) is used.
The entire sound waveform of is memorized, and /' after the attack part is memorized.
l! 8 (/cycle or multiple cycles) of musical sound waveforms may be stored, and after one attack portion is read out to generate a musical sound, a part of the musical sound waveforms may be repeatedly read out to generate a musical sound. .

In this case, since the musical sound waveform in the above section has a small amount of data, it can be stored in a semiconductor memory.

(7) Recording methods of musical sound waveforms are PCM and DPCM.

Any of DM-APCM, ADM, etc. may be used.

(8) The musical sound waveform to be stored may have an envelope added to it in advance. In this case, the EV generator 24 and multiplier 33 become unnecessary.

(9) Store the entire tone waveform (that is, the rising edge part AO and the part AI-A8) on the magnetic disk 4,
The waveform of the start-up section Ao in the magnetic disk 4 may be read out, transferred to the initial waveform memory 9, and written when the power is turned on or when the tone color selection is changed.

The embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be applied to the generation of the aO rhythm sound.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, since a multi-head having a number of read heads equal to the number of plurality of storage tracks in which musical waveform data of at least one tone is stored, magnetic disks, etc. It is possible to create musical tones in real time based on optical sound waveform data stored in a storage medium that takes a relatively long access time, and it is also possible to simultaneously create nine or more musical tones in real time.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing details of the musical waveform generator 7 in the same embodiment, and FIGS. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the magnetic disk 4 in FIG. 2, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the initial waveform memory 9 in FIG. 2, and FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing an example of the magnetic disk 4 in FIG. It is a figure showing other examples. 4...Magnetic disk, 6...Multi head, H1-H8...Magnetic head, 13-IN
13-8... Musical sound waveform processing circuit, 15...
...Distribution circuit.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In a musical tone forming device that stores musical sound waveform data corresponding to a desired tone in a storage medium having a plurality of storage tracks, and forms a musical tone by reading out the musical sound waveform data with a reading head, at least one A musical tone forming device equipped with a multi-head having a number of reading heads equal to the number of tracks in which musical waveform data relating to tone colors are stored. (2) In a musical tone forming device that stores musical sound waveform data corresponding to a desired tone in a storage medium having a plurality of storage tracks, and forms a musical tone by reading out the musical sound waveform data with a reading head, at least one a multi-head comprising a number of reading heads equal to the number of tracks in which musical waveform data relating to timbres are stored; and a musical tone forming means for simultaneously forming a plurality of musical tones by selecting the output of each of the reading heads. A musical tone forming device comprising: