JPS6130221B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6130221B2 JPS6130221B2 JP9766782A JP9766782A JPS6130221B2 JP S6130221 B2 JPS6130221 B2 JP S6130221B2 JP 9766782 A JP9766782 A JP 9766782A JP 9766782 A JP9766782 A JP 9766782A JP S6130221 B2 JPS6130221 B2 JP S6130221B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- phosphor
- light
- radiation
- scintillator
- incident
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、Ｘ線、ｒ線などの放射線検出器に関
する。特に、全身用Ｘ線CTや、ポジトロンカメ
ラなどのように、性能のそろつた多数個（200〜
1000個）の検出器を必要とする装置に対して有効
な検出器である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a radiation detector for X-rays, R-rays, etc. In particular, a large number of units (200~
This detector is effective for devices that require 1000 detectors.
従来、上記の装置に対しては、キセノンのガス
チエンバーや、ゲルマニウム酸ビスマス（BGO
と略す）と光電子増倍管とを組み合わせた検出器
が用いられてきた。これらの検出器では、各チヤ
ンネルの特性をあわせることが容易でなく、その
結果、装置としては、充分に鮮明な像を得ること
が難しかつた。 Traditionally, for the above equipment, xenon gas chambers and bismuth germanate (BGO) were used.
A detector combining a photomultiplier tube and a photomultiplier tube has been used. In these detectors, it is not easy to match the characteristics of each channel, and as a result, it is difficult for the device to obtain a sufficiently clear image.
特に、BGOと光電子増倍管とを組み合せた検
出器では、シンチレータとして用いたBGO単結
晶の特性がばらつきおよび光電子増倍管の特性の
ばらつきのために、各検出器の特性をあわせるこ
とは、ほとんど不可能であつた。 In particular, in a detector that combines BGO and a photomultiplier tube, it is difficult to match the characteristics of each detector due to variations in the characteristics of the BGO single crystal used as a scintillator and variations in the characteristics of the photomultiplier tube. It was almost impossible.
本発明では、微粉末のけい光体をシンチレータ
として使用し、好ましくはＸ線入射方向からシン
チレータの発光を受光器に導くことにより、シン
チレータ特性のばらつきを少なくした。 In the present invention, a fine powder phosphor is used as a scintillator, and the scintillator's light emission is preferably guided to a light receiver from the X-ray incident direction, thereby reducing variations in scintillator characteristics.
以下図面によつて本発明を説明する。 The present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明の放射線検出器の一実施例の断
面図である。容器１の内壁はアルミニウムや銀の
ように可視、近赤外光線に対して反射率の高い膜
がコートしてある。この容器１は、放射線６の入
射面を除いて、タングステン又は鉛のように放射
線を遮へいする物質で遮へいするが、若しくはそ
のような物質からなる容器であることが好まし
い。けい光体粒子２は、容器１の中に保たれ、平
均粒径５〜15μｍが好ましい。けい光体として
は、Eu，Pr，Tbの少なくとも一種で付活した
Y2O2S，La2O2S，Gd2O2S，Lu2O2S，LaOBr，
BaFCl，BaFBr及びBaSO4など並びにCdS；Cu，
Al，CdS；Ag，Cl，ZnS；Cu，Al，CaWO4又は
CdWO4などが用いられる。とくに、けい光体と
してＸ線に対して吸収が大きいGd2O2S（Eu），
Gd2O2S（Pr），CaWO4等は好ましい。けい光体
層の厚さは、それぞれのけい光体が、使用する放
射線を充分吸収するようにきめられている。けい
光体層は、実質的に透明度のよい物質、たとえば
エポキシ樹脂のような樹脂でかためられていても
よい。 FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the radiation detector of the present invention. The inner wall of the container 1 is coated with a film such as aluminum or silver that has a high reflectance to visible and near-infrared light. The container 1 is preferably shielded with a material that shields radiation, such as tungsten or lead, or made of such a material, except for the incident surface of the radiation 6. The phosphor particles 2 are kept in the container 1 and preferably have an average particle size of 5 to 15 μm. As a phosphor, it is activated with at least one of Eu, Pr, and Tb.
Y 2 O 2 S, La 2 O 2 S, Gd 2 O 2 S, Lu 2 O 2 S, LaOBr,
BaFCl, BaFBr and BaSO 4 etc. and CdS; Cu,
Al, CdS; Ag, Cl, ZnS; Cu, Al, CaWO 4 or
CdWO4 etc. are used. In particular, Gd 2 O 2 S (Eu), which has a high absorption of X-rays as a phosphor,
Gd 2 O 2 S (Pr), CaWO 4 , etc. are preferred. The thickness of the phosphor layers is such that each phosphor absorbs enough of the radiation used. The phosphor layer may be hardened with a substantially transparent material, for example a resin such as an epoxy resin.
個々のけい光体粒子の特性は、少しづつ異なつ
ている可能性があるが、このようにして作つた粉
体層を一つのシンチレータとして使用することに
より、シンチレータとしての特性のばらつきは、
粒子数の平方根分の一程度、すなわち、0.001％
程度以下になる。 The characteristics of individual phosphor particles may differ slightly, but by using the powder layer created in this way as a single scintillator, variations in the characteristics as a scintillator can be reduced.
Approximately one square root of the number of particles, i.e. 0.001%
below the level.
けい光体粒子を用いたとき、けい光体層内部で
の発光は、けい光体粒子表面で反射してけい光体
層に外側に出てくる。けい光体粒子の表面の反射
率は、けい光体の種類にもよるが、100％に近い
が100％にはならない。そのため充分に厚いけい
光体層の裏面（放射線の入射する面と逆の面）か
らの発光を観測すると単結晶のシンチレータを用
いた場合よりその強度は著しく低下している。一
方、シンチレータ層の表面（放射線の入射する
面）からの発光を観測すると、単結晶のシンチレ
ータを用いた場合の発光強度の７割〜９割程度の
発光が検出される。けい光体層の厚みを薄くすれ
ばこのようなことはない。しかしＸ線CTなどに
用いる放射線検出器は高感度であることが要求さ
れる。通常、Ｘ線はエネルギーの大なる波長から
エネルギーの小なる波長まで特定の波長範囲のも
のを使用する。それ故けい光体層に入射するＸ線
のうちエネルギーの小なる波長のものはその表面
から浅い部分までしか入射しないが、エネルギー
の大なる波長のものは表面から深い所まで入射す
る。前述のように検出器を高感度にするまでに
は、入射したＸ線を透過させることなくすべて光
に変換せしめる必要があり、そのためにはけい光
体層は充分に厚くなければならない。従つて充分
に厚いけい光体層を用いてその表面から発光を検
出する方が有利である。 When phosphor particles are used, the light emitted within the phosphor layer is reflected by the surface of the phosphor particles and exits to the phosphor layer. The reflectance of the surface of a phosphor particle is close to 100%, but not 100%, depending on the type of phosphor. Therefore, when light emission from the back surface of a sufficiently thick phosphor layer (the surface opposite to the surface on which radiation enters) is observed, the intensity is significantly lower than when a single crystal scintillator is used. On the other hand, when light emission from the surface of the scintillator layer (the surface on which radiation is incident) is observed, light emission with an intensity of about 70% to 90% is detected when a single crystal scintillator is used. This problem can be avoided by reducing the thickness of the phosphor layer. However, radiation detectors used in X-ray CT and the like are required to be highly sensitive. Usually, X-rays are used in a specific wavelength range from wavelengths with high energy to wavelengths with low energy. Therefore, of the X-rays incident on the phosphor layer, those with wavelengths of low energy are incident only shallowly from the surface, whereas those with wavelengths of high energy are incident deep from the surface. As mentioned above, in order to make the detector highly sensitive, it is necessary to convert all of the incident X-rays into light without transmitting them, and for this purpose the phosphor layer must be sufficiently thick. It is therefore advantageous to use a sufficiently thick phosphor layer and to detect the emission from its surface.
表面からの発光は、シンチレータ表面に設けら
れた光ガイド３に導かれる。３の側面には、アル
ミニウムの反射膜がある。光ガイドの一端から、
シンチレータの発光はシリコンの受光素子５にと
り込まれて電気信号に変換される。 Light emitted from the surface is guided to a light guide 3 provided on the surface of the scintillator. There is an aluminum reflective film on the side of 3. From one end of the light guide,
The light emitted from the scintillator is captured by the silicon light receiving element 5 and converted into an electrical signal.
第２図は、本発明の他の実施例の分解説明図で
複数の放射線検出器を連結したものである。タン
グステン又は鉛の遮へい板４（両面には光反射性
物質がある）により各チヤンネルを分離し、各チ
ヤンネルに同一のけい光体を入れ、それぞれ光ガ
イド３と光検出器５（１組のみ図示）を設ける。 FIG. 2 is an exploded explanatory view of another embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of radiation detectors are connected. Each channel is separated by a tungsten or lead shielding plate 4 (with light-reflecting material on both sides), and each channel contains an identical phosphor, each with a light guide 3 and a photodetector 5 (only one set is shown). ) will be established.
第１図は、本発明の一実施例の断面図、第２図
は、本発明の他の実施例の分解説明図である。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 is an exploded explanatory view of another embodiment of the invention.
Claims (1)
する容器、該容器内に保たれたけい光体粒子、上
記けい光体粒子に対して入射する放射線の入射す
る側と実質的に同じ側に設けられた光ガイド及び
放射線による上記けい光体の発光を上記光ガイド
を通して検出する光検出器よりなることを特徴と
する放射線検出器。1. A container whose inner wall is light-reflective and has a light-transmitting window in a part, phosphor particles held within the container, and a side that is substantially the same as the incident side of the radiation incident on the phosphor particles. A radiation detector comprising a light guide provided on the same side and a photodetector that detects light emitted from the phosphor by radiation through the light guide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9766782A JPS58786A (en) | 1982-06-09 | 1982-06-09 | Radiation detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9766782A JPS58786A (en) | 1982-06-09 | 1982-06-09 | Radiation detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58786A JPS58786A (en) | 1983-01-05 |
| JPS6130221B2 true JPS6130221B2 (en) | 1986-07-11 |
Family
ID=14198388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9766782A Granted JPS58786A (en) | 1982-06-09 | 1982-06-09 | Radiation detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58786A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0950903A1 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 1999-10-20 | Europa Trading S.r.l. | Scanning and detection means |
-
1982
- 1982-06-09 JP JP9766782A patent/JPS58786A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58786A (en) | 1983-01-05 |
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