JPS61277594A - Lifting or traction device for load - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is a device for lifting or lowering a load or towing a load using a wire rope. It has a towing sheave consisting of sheaves, these half-sheaves being parallel to each other and having a common ■-shaped rope groove on their periphery and facing the rope support element in the entry area of the rope. Relating to lifting and lowering of loads or traction devices that are used together.

[Conventional technology]

In such devices with a towing sheave, which are used in particular for towing long wire ropes, it is necessary to clamp the rope in the towing sheave (DE 10 32 506).

The two half-sheaves are then both un-spring-loaded and pressed together. Their relative adjustment is only possible in one direction during operation. That is, a relative displacement of one sheave half with respect to another sheave half can be performed from a large distance to a small distance, but not vice versa; therefore, a thin rope section followed by a thick rope section is The disadvantage is that it cannot be accommodated by two half sheaves without unacceptable large deformations (tightening, tangling), and this disadvantage absolutely occurs in practice.

Another drawback is that one of the 1-half sheaves is adjusted by a rope. As a result, during displacement, not only transverse forces act on the rope, but also frictional forces in the rope longitudinal direction.

This is because during the relative displacement the two sheaves are twisted in opposite directions.

In addition to the above-mentioned disadvantages, it should be noted that when inserting the rope, the free end section of the rope must be manually threaded over almost the entire circumference of the towing sheave. Therefore, the rope groove should have a cross-section as large as possible than the rope cross-section so that the insertion of the rope is not met with relatively high resistance due to frictional forces or that the free end of the rope does not get caught.

Another disadvantage of the known construction is the use of only one rope idler pulley in the entry area of the beam. Therefore, this idle pulley with only 11 stiffnesses also carries the rope through the two half-sheaves, which is accompanied by an extremely high specific surface pressure, which has a negative effect on the life of the rope.

Furthermore, the rope is pressed down radially by pressure means into the known seating groove.

It should be noted that there are so-called square grooves, in which the clamping of the rope is usually caused by a counterweight at the unloaded end of the rope.

The published West German patent application No. 2054110 is
Several rope guide rollers arranged around the circumference of the towing sheave are disclosed. This traction sheave consists of only one piece, and the rope guide rollers are not fixed but are supported radially displaceably relative to the traction sheave.

GB 1,035,652 also teaches only rope rollers on the circumference of two such tow sheaves, these rollers being spring loaded, but with rope rollers on the entire circumference of the sheave. In that case, the idle pulley does not exist at all. The cross section of the rope groove cannot be changed at all.

All one-piece tow sheave embodiments with seating grooves and radial pressure means have the disadvantage that the pressure means cannot rotate in the same direction. Therefore, efficiency is always compromised. Furthermore, these structures are highly loaded with secondary forces, resulting in them being expensive and associated with a correspondingly excessive weight.

In the embodiment of a one-piece towing sheave with a V-shaped rope groove and radially acting pressure means, in addition to the above-mentioned disadvantages of a towing sheave with a seating groove, it is possible to cause slippage. There is a decrease in the driving force of the rope due to wear of the shaped rope groove. Such conditions also apply in the case of the use of a groove with a counterweight in the unloaded rope section. This structure has the additional disadvantage of limiting its usability. This is because it can generally only be used permanently and not temporarily.

Another disadvantage of a device with a tow sheave is the reduction in the encircling angle of the rope. This fact is such that a reduction in the above angle results in an increase in the required ramp force, which is exactly what is required of the rope to pass through the incoming or outgoing taut rope section. This is because such bends cannot occur at the bottom of the groove, but only at its outer diameter after leaving the tow sheave.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The object of the invention is to avoid unnecessary loads in the device, to reduce wear as much as possible, to minimize weight and dimensions, and to maximize the efficiency of the device in a device of the above type.

[Means for solving problems]

This object is achieved according to the invention by the fact that the half-sheaves are spring-loaded and pressed against each other and that the fixedly mounted rope support elements that engage the rope grooves extend over the entire rope encircling area. Achieved by collaborating with Groove.

[Action and effect]

These features compensate for simple and unsophisticated construction;
This increases safety and simplifies the use of the device by not requiring any maintenance.

In this sense, a combination of clamp-shaped V-shaped and seated rope grooves is created, in which the characteristics of the embodiment are completed and the defects are eliminated.

Wire support elements are now provided and distributed over the entire circumference, these elements distributing the surface pressure in one working direction of the device as well as in the other direction, thereby guiding the rope more gently.

The spring-loaded relative positions of the sheave halves can accommodate varying rope sections. If no rope is present in the device, the cross-section formed by the rope groove with respect to the two half-sheaves ff in contact with each other and the rope support element is smaller than the cross-section of the rope to be passed through. When passing the rope through the rope, the rigid half-sheave is in turn pushed apart laterally when the zero-bar, which acts as an abutment member, is introduced, so that the rope remains in the rope groove. It assumes the perfect position not only in any service conditions, but also for any rope diameter changes during the passage of the rope.

Since the rope support element projects into the rope groove, the two-half sheave guides the rope without error. This means that ropes of varying thickness always occupy an optimal relative position in terms of desired rope contact.

By placing rope support elements in the entire encircling area,
When the rope is passed through the rope groove, the driving action is performed immediately after the rope is passed through, so that it is ensured that the subsequent work of threading the rope is carried out relatively smoothly.

A preferred embodiment of the invention lies in the features of claim 2. It is then only possible to provide support rollers over the entire encircling area.

Their distance is generally about half the diameter of one support roller. However, it is also conceivable that a shoe in the form of a circular ring segment is applied instead of the support roller, at least in the artificial region of the slack rope.

The shoe can optionally extend around the entire circumference of the tow sheave. It may be formed from one or several pieces; preferably the material of this shoe is a wear-resistant plastic. Since the surface area of such a shoe is large, the surface pressure of the incoming rope can be reduced even further.

The use of shoes is particularly advantageous when cross, aided ropes are used.

This is because in this type of rope the separate rope strands run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rope.

On the contrary, when equal, aided ropes are used, in which the rope strands run at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the rope, it is preferable to apply support rollers.

In the embodiment according to claim 3, a further reduction in surface pressure is obtained.

In the embodiment according to claim 4, the main purpose of the larger diameter roller is to reduce the surface pressure exerted on the rope when the rope is threaded in a relaxed or reduced load condition. It is to decrease. This has the advantage that a longer service life can be expected due to the rope being subjected to less stress.

However, the large support rollers take on another function if the winch is fixedly suspended. In this case, the suspension point is above the axis of rotation of the tow sheave. Now, the support roller serves not only as an insertion support element for the rope, but also as a tail element for the slack rope.

In order to improve the entry operation of a particularly unloaded rope section in a tow sheave, as well as the exit operation of the rope from said tow sheave in the case of a small external diameter of said tow sheave, the present invention is disclosed in claim 5. The features of the terms are effective.

In order to maximize the envelope angle of the rope in order to reduce the axial clamping force, the features of claim 6 are provided.

In order to be able to insert ropes of different strength and diameter, the groove may be provided on one or both sides with a stepped structure, in which the features of claim 7 can be applied. In order to be able to insert a loose or loose rope into the rope groove without error, the features of claim 8 are significant.

In order to maximize the efficiency and economy of the device, it is suitable according to claim 9 for the rope support roller to be a needle bearing, a roller bearing or a ball bearing, in particular a grooved ball bearing. be. It may be a commercially available product. The cough bearing may also be made, at least in part, of elastic material.

The feature set forth in claim 10 is particularly suitable for making installation and removal easy.

In view of the possibility of adjusting the rope support roller to an optimal central position in the rope groove above the rope after the rope has entered the groove, the rope support roller is moved axially as claimed in claim 11. It is appropriate to be flexible.

This is achieved particularly and even more advantageously by the features of patent claim 12. The shoe can also be supported for axial movement.

In order to make the rope follow the correct direction of travel, it makes sense to provide particularly narrow rope support rollers applying the features of claim 13.

〔Example〕

The present invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawings.

V-shaped rope groove (2) with groove angle of 20° (Figures 3 and 5)
Alternatively, two-piece towing sheaves (1) with two-stage rope grooves (3) (FIG. 4) are laterally and axially pressed against each other. Therefore, rotating springs (4) are used, which are supported on the guide part (5) and pre-compressed by the screw (6). The head of the screw above is the towing sheave (1)
(Fig. 1. 3. 4. 5) is submerged in a half sheave (7) that does not displace in the axial direction.

For torque transmission, the half sheave (7) is screwed and pinned to the rotating housing (8) of a compact special transmission mechanism which is extremely easy to assemble. The housing is integrally formed with the transmission mechanism (9).

In order to transmit the torque, the transmission mechanism (9) is connected to the device (13).
) is aligned, threadedly engaged and pinned to the housing part (10) of the housing part (10). The conductor 1k (9) is driven by a brake motor (11), which is connected to the device (13).
(FIG. 1). The motor (11) can also be replaced by a detent crank handle, for example.

Half-split sheave (1) movable in the axial direction of the towing sheave (1)
4) (Fig. 1.3.4.5) is pressed against the half sheave (7) by the spring (4). The above half-split sheave (1
4) is rotated via a thread 6) passing through the half sheave (14) for torque transmission. The alignment of the half sheave is based on the extended groove base (1) of the half sheave (7).
5) Reciprocating movement in the axial direction on the upper or outer diameter of the transmission mechanism (9) is carried out with necessary clearance.

The rope support roller (20), which is a fixedly positioned rope pointing element, is connected to the wire rope (20) of the towing sheave (1).
16) as well as over the entire encircling area of the housing (19).
) are attached to the axle (21) in the exit area (17) and in the inlet area (18) (1.2, 3.).
Figure 4.5). These axles (21) are connected on one side to the housing part (12) and on the other side to the housing part (10).
). These parts (10), (12
) is separated and aligned at the displacement part of both. The image parts (10), (12) are connected to a common housing (19) of the device (13) by eight screws (23) (FIGS. 1 and 2).

The rope support roller (20) in FIG.
) is clamped between springs (24) for reciprocating movement on the image part (10),
(12) is fixedly positioned by a spacer tube (25).

In order to anchor the device (13), two lateral connecting blocks (26) are arranged (Figs. 1 and 2), which are connected to the housing by means of 31 of the 8 connecting screws (23). (1
9) is screwed into place. The above connected bronze, ri (26
) use as many as three anchor bolts (27) and also hold the rope man lobby (28) and the rope exit piece <29).

Initially, when threading the rope, the wire rope (16) is prevented from coming off within the device by the rope support rollers (20). Threading the rope is a wire rope (
16) by hand into the guide hole of the rope entry guide piece (28) by means of a driving motor (11).

The wire rope (16) is then connected to the first
■-shaped rope groove (2) beyond the 0-pu support roller (20)
, (3) and automatically sent by the tow sheave (1). The wire rope is guided laterally by suitable guides in the exit region (17), guided laterally out of the housing (19) over the already entered rope section and past the rope exit guide piece (29). (Figure 2).

In the opposite direction of traction, the rope support roller (20) in the exit area (17) also carries the wire rope (16)
into the rope grooves (2), (3) of the towing sheave (1), the rope being permanently unloaded on this side.

In order to smoothly receive the wire rope (16) in the inlet and outlet areas of the rows 7"1i (2), (3), the area (30) of the outer diameter of the rope grooves (21, (31) In order to be able to use wire ropes (16) with varying diameters without increasing the outer diameter of the sheave (1), a two-stage rope groove (3) is provided (Fig. 4). ), its outer step (31) is a slightly thicker wire rope (
16) has a larger groove angle to properly accommodate the groove.

The wire rope (16) is loaded and the entrance area (18
) at the extended groove base (15) of the tow rope table (1).
) (Fig. 2.3.4.5).

The groove angle of 20° given to the rope grooves (2), +3) was experimentally obtained and is the most suitable. or exit area (
Only in 17) is the low pressure rope on the rope support roller (20), but this does not harm the wire rope (16).

First illustration! (32) only closes the opening of the housing part (10) of the device (13).

In order to reduce the enveloping angle of the wire rope (16) in order to reduce the axial clamping force to the maximum, according to FIG. The bisector of (2) is sloped.

Here, the groove side surface (33) of the half-split sheave (7) that does not displace
) is only slightly inclined with respect to the vertical plane, but
On the contrary, the groove flanks (34) of the axially displaceable half sheave (14) have a fairly strong slope.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the loose rope (35)
A support roller (36) is provided in the area (17), the diameter of which is twice as large as the diameter of the other support rollers (20). Said large supporting rollers (36) are mainly used during the operation of threading a loose rope (16) or during a lowering operation, i.e. when the device (13) is fixed, for example, on a platform and the rope section (37) is tensioned. Demonstrate function. In this case, the rope section (35) in principle runs between the support roller (36) and the traction sheave (1).

This large support roller (36) reduces the surface pressure on the rope (16). This has the advantage that the rope (16) receives less load and can therefore be expected to have a longer service life.

However, the support rollers (36) can perform yet another function when the device (13) is suspended. In this case, the suspension point 38) is above the axis of rotation (39) of the towing sheave (1). In this case, said support roller (36) not only serves the purpose of an entry support element for the rope (16), but also serves the purpose of an entry support element for the slack rope (40) (dashed line).

In the embodiment of FIG. 7, a shoe (41) in the form of a circular ring segment is attached instead of the support roller (20) at least in the region (17) of the slack rope (35). The shoe (41) is the support roller (20)
Alternatively, it can extend over almost the entire circumference of the traction cross-wheel (11). It may be formed from one or several pieces, preferably the material of said shoe (41) is e.g. made of a chute conveyor. Made of wear-resistant plastic, such as those used for

FIG. 8 shows that the shoe (41) may have a suitable contour (42) around the rope (16),
However, the support roller (20) may also be provided with a swm on its circumference corresponding to the cross-section of the rope.

The shoe (41) is advantageously used when cross-laid ropes are used. On the other hand, if an equal laid rope is used in which the wire rope strands are at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the rope (16), the use of support rollers (2o) is preferred.

Brief explanation of Figure rrri Figure 1 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line ■''--■ in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the cut section (■) in Fig. 1 according to the first embodiment, and Figs. 4 and 5 are FIG. 6 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 3 according to two embodiments, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 according to another embodiment, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. A similar cross-sectional view, FIG. 8, is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line ■--■ in FIG.

In the figure, (1) is a two-piece traction sheave, (2) is a V-shaped rope groove, (3) is a two-stage rope groove, (7) is a half-split sheave that does not displace, (8) is a rotating housing, and (9) is a two-piece traction sheave. ) is the transmission mechanism, (10) and (12) are the housing parts, (
11) is the brake motor, (13) is this device, (14)
is a movable half sheave, (15) is an extended groove base, (1
6) is the wire rope, (17) is the exit area, (18) is the inlet area, (19) is the housing, (20), (
36) is the rope support roller, (21) is the axle, (25
) is the separating pipe, (26) is the connecting block, (27) is the anchor bolt, (28) is the rope piece, (29) is the rope exit piece, (31) is the outer stage, (33),
(34) is the groove side, (38) is the suspension point, (39) is the rotating shaft, (35) and (40) are the loose rope sections,
(41) is a shoe.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A device for lifting or lowering a load using a wire rope or for traction, which has a traction sheave consisting of two halved sheaves that can be pressed against each other by pushing the rope. death,
These half-sheaves are parallel to each other and have a common V-shaped rope groove on their periphery, and in a device cooperating oppositely with the rope support element in the entry area of the rope, the said half-sheaves are The wheels (7, 14) are spring-loaded and pressed together and the fixedly attached rope support elements (20, 3) engage the rope grooves (2, 3).
6, 41) A load lifting or traction device, characterized in that the rope (16) cooperates with the rope groove (2, 3) in the entire area it surrounds. 2. The rope support element preferably has a shoe (41) and/or a support roller (20) in the form of a circular ring segment.
, 36), a load lifting or traction device according to claim 1. 3. A load lifting or traction device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rope support element (20, 36, 41) has a recess (42) adapted to the circumference of the rope (16). 4. A support roller (36) of a significantly larger diameter than the other support rollers (20) is installed in the inlet/outlet area (17) of the slack rope section (35, 40) of said rope. The lifting/lowering or traction device for a load according to any one of items 1 to 3. 5. The load lifting or traction device according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential area (30) of the rope groove (2, 3) is rounded to the outer shape of the half sheave (7, 14). . 6. The bisector of the rope groove (2) is inclined with respect to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (39), and in this case the groove side surface of the half sheave (7) which cannot be displaced in the axial direction ( 33) is not inclined or slightly inclined, whereas the groove side surface (34) of the axially displaceable half sheave (14) has a considerably large inclination. A device for lifting or lowering a load or towing a load according to any one of the above. 7. The load lifting or traction device according to claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the rope groove (3) is formed in two stages, and the radially outer stage (31) has a larger groove angle. 8. In addition to the area enclosed by the rope (16) in the rope groove (2, 3), the exit area (17) of the rope (16)
) and/or rope support elements (2) within the entry area (18).
0.0, 41) A load lifting or traction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 9. The rope support roller (20, 36) is formed by a needle bearing, a roller bearing or a ball bearing, in particular a grooved ball bearing, or according to claim 8. lifting or lowering of loads or traction equipment. 10, comprising a two-piece housing, the separation and alignment of said housing in the region of said rope support rollers (20, 36), each roller shaft (21) being attached to one of said two housing parts (10, 12); A load lifting or traction device according to claim 1, which is operated as described in claim 1. 11. Lifting or towing of a load according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 8 to 10, wherein the rope support roller (20, 36) is supported movably in the axial direction. Device. 12. Claims 1 to 1, wherein the rope support roller (20, 36) is axially sandwiched between the springs (24).
The lifting/lowering or traction device for a load according to any one of Items 4 and 8 to 11. 13. Said rope support roller (20) in the exit and entry area (17) of the released and slack rope segment (35) is in the exit/entry area (17) of the tensioned rope segment (37).
Claims 1 to 4 and 8 to 12 are mounted laterally off-center in the passage in 18).
A device for lifting or lowering a load or towing a load according to any one of paragraphs.