JPS61273833A - Ultra high-frequency electron tube - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable high efficiency oscillation by using a cavity resonator of TE mode electromagnetic wave distribution which has a minimum amplitude of electric field in space, and a high frequency magnetic field distribution which decreases at the point of minimum electric field. CONSTITUTION:An electron beam (e) from an electron gun structure 11 is put in a spiral movement by DC magnetic field generated by solenoids 19-21. The electron beam is then introduced into a cavity resonator 14, and generated electromagnetic wave is provided through an output waveguide 18 via an output window 17. So as to form an ultra high frequency electron tube. In such a construction, the cavity resonator 14 is made to resonate in rectangular TE111 mode. The TE mode electromagnetic wave is generated with an electric field distribution which has a minimum at the position of the axis around which the electron beam makes a spiral movement, and high frequency magnetic field distribution of which amplitude decreases at the point of minimum electric field. By this configuration, all electrons transfer their energy to the magnetic field thereby enabling high efficiency and high power operation.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an ultra-high frequency electron tube, and in particular to the interaction between an electron beam spiraling in a DC magnetic field and a TE mode electromagnetic wave in a cavity resonator or waveguide. This invention relates to an electron tube that generates and amplifies electromagnetic waves in the microwave to submillimeter wave band.

[Technical Background of the Invention and Problems Therewith] Beniodoron has been known as this kind of electron tube. As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-35334, for example, this Beniodron is based on the interaction between an electron beam spirally moving in a DC magnetic field and an electromagnetic wave propagating in a double-ridge pair waveguide high-frequency circuit. This is an electron tube that amplifies or oscillates electromagnetic waves based on the separation effect. In Beniodron, all of the electron beams are captured by the decelerating electric field of the electromagnetic waves due to the phase separation effect, so in principle, it can be expected that the energy conversion efficiency from the electron beams to electromagnetic waves will be close to 100%. This also has the advantage that the strength of the DC magnetic field can be reduced by utilizing the interaction between the harmonics of the cyclotron angular frequency ωC of the spiral motion of the electron beam and electromagnetic waves. However, since a double ridge pair waveguide is used as the high frequency circuit, the power resistance is limited by the high frequency electric field strength of the ridge part.
The output power of the tubes that have been realized so far is several k
W Shima: It's just at the level.

・: □゛" (Object of the invention) Gourd, ゛";□(: The object of the present invention is to inherit a certain high efficiency with the features of the above-mentioned Beniodron. At the same time, in order to increase the output power, the double ridge pair, which is an obstacle, is not required, and the high efficiency of the O-wave to submillimeter wave band is achieved.
The object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-high frequency electron tube that can achieve high output operation.

z]2 [Summary of the Invention] ゛□“5. The present invention provides a TE mode of a cavity resonator or a waveguide: ・1 1. !.

1, ゛ and a distribution in which the high-frequency magnetic field j1·' becomes smaller at the position where this electric field is at its minimum, and mutually °·1 □. , 5-4゜□. From o.

The ultra-high frequency electron tube t is configured to travel near the position or position where the electric field of the TE mode electromagnetic wave is at its minimum.

This enables high-efficiency operation with even higher power.1. ・・・ It is possible to express.

, (Embodiments of the invention) Examples thereof will be described below with reference to the drawings. Identical parts are designated by the same reference numerals.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an electron tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.

This consists of an electron gun assembly 11 assembled along the tube axis 2,
Electron beam introducing section 12, small diameter cutoff section 13, rectangular cavity resonator 14, enlarged taper section 15, collector section 16,
It has an output window 17, an output waveguide 1B, and a solenoid 19. The electron gun structure 11 includes a cathode 20 and an accelerating anode 2.
1 and emits a hollow electron beam e. The solenoid 19 generates a direct current magnetic field of a predetermined strength in the high frequency circuit section, which is substantially parallel to the tube axis 2 direction, and causes the electron beam e to move in a helical manner. Therefore, the rectangular cavity resonator 14 is designed to resonate in the T E 111 mode at the operating frequency of the electron tube.

Note that the cutoff portion 13 on the upstream side, that is, on the electron gun structure side
is formed to have a small inner diameter so as to prevent propagation of the TE11 mode. On the other hand, the collector side is formed to have a large inner diameter so that the high frequency wave of the T E 11 mode can propagate.

Now, in the interaction region within the rectangular cavity resonator 14, the operating angular frequency ω of the T E 111 mode. In contrast, the magnetic field strength is adjusted so that the cyclone angular frequency ωC of the spiral motion of the electron beam e satisfies the following equation (1).

ω. ≧(2n-1)ωC・・・・・・(1)゛
However, n is a positive integer.

' As a result, a strong interaction □ occurs between the electron beam e and the T E 111 mode electromagnetic wave of the rectangular cavity resonator □ 14, and the kinetic energy of the electron beam e is converted into electromagnetic wave ゛′(, :, energy. The electromagnetic waves generated by this rectangular cavity oscillator 14 pass through a cylindrical collector part 16 and an output window 17, and are sent to an external load by an output waveguide 18. guided to the cargo.

, ), 2゛・ The rectangular cavity resonator 14 has a structure as shown in FIG.

Gohe, :11, TE 111 has a further distribution of electric field (arrow) and an arrangement relationship with the electron beam. That is, it has a rectangular + 14 square shape TE 111 The mode is the first electric field E
A and the third electric field □" Ec are spatially facing in opposite directions. Similarly, the second electric field Eb and the fourth electric field Ed are facing in opposite directions. In this way, this cavity resonator has a distribution in which the magnitude of the electric field of the TE mode electromagnetic wave is spatially minimum at the central axis, and a distribution in which the high-frequency magnetic field is small at the position where the electric field is minimum. There is.

The center O of the helical movement of the electron beam e is located at or near the axial center of the rectangular cavity resonator 14 (corresponding to the tube axis 2).

The electric field strength of the T E 111 mode within the rectangular cavity resonator 14 has a distribution in which the change in the diagonal direction of the resonator becomes stronger as the central axis moves away from the center axis, as shown by a curve P shown in FIG. That is, the absolute value of the electric field strength distribution in the helical movement portion of the electron beam e increases as it moves away from the beam center O. Furthermore, the intensity distribution of the high-frequency magnetic field is also at its minimum in the helical movement portion of the electron beam. In contrast, the electron beam e is located in the central axis region S, as shown in the figure.

The relationship between a high frequency electric field having such an intensity distribution and a spirally moving electron beam will be explained with reference to FIG. First of all, if we consider an electron that experiences a deceleration phase on the right side of the diagram, that is, in the region of the first electric field, in this region, the radius of rotation of the electron is reduced and the center of rotation is moved to the first electric field side. In other words, it flows into the third electric field region. Now, if the condition of equation (1) holds true, what this electron will experience on the third electric field side is an acceleration phase, but due to the previous decrease in the rotation radius and movement of the rotation center, the first electric field The acceleration phase is ':1' in the part where the electric field strength is lower than the side.
i 6 Z ′! ”: 'K 6.5ゞ'v 111
EJf;"i'QI, -O°゛1 If we look at this, this electron is giving its kinetic energy to the electromagnetic wave. Moreover, due to the acceleration on the third electric field side, the center of rotation of this electron is also in the first electric field. As it moves to the side, the deceleration effect on the first electric field side becomes more and more dominant in subsequent rotations, and finally, the kinetic energy is given to the electromagnetic wave on the first electric field side without flowing into the third electric field side. I'm going to go.

On the other hand, for electrons that experience an acceleration phase on the first electric field side when they first enter the electric field space, the above process is simply reversed, and the deceleration effect on the third electric field side is greater than that on the first electric field side. It increases in size, gives kinetic energy to the electromagnetic wave per rotation, and eventually comes to surround the third electric field side. Furthermore, kinetic energy is imparted to the electromagnetic waves in exactly the same way for the electron beams that experience acceleration and deceleration on the second and fourth electric field sides. Therefore, the incident electron beam e
are separated into four groups depending on the phase of incidence of individual electrons into the electric field space, and both of them impart their kinetic energy to the electromagnetic waves, contributing to the amplification of the electromagnetic waves. Although the center of rotation of the electrons shifts in this way, the strength of the high-frequency magnetic field in the space where the electrons move spirally is also small, so their movement is not hindered, and therefore a strong energy conversion effect from electrons to electromagnetic waves is obtained.

As described above, in the configuration of the present invention, there are no undesirable electrons that receive energy from electromagnetic waves as in the operating mechanism of a normal traveling wave tube or gyrotron, and even higher conversion efficiency can be obtained.

(a) to (1) in FIG. 5 show the T E of the electron tube of the present invention.
An example of a computer simulation result of an electron motion trajectory in a 111-mode rectangular cavity resonator is shown.

Each figure shows 12 models in which the electron incident phase is changed from O to π. From the figure, it can be understood that, as mentioned above, the electrons in all phases gradually shift their centers of rotation outward from the central axis, imparting their kinetic energy to electromagnetic waves and reducing their radius of rotation.

Further, FIG. 6 shows changes in the kinetic energy of electrons along the axial direction of the rectangular air conditioning resonator 14. From the figure, it is understood that all the electrons in the spirally moving electron beam impart their kinetic energy to the electromagnetic waves as they travel through the cavity resonator, and the electron energy decreases. In this simulation example, the conversion efficiency of the energy given to electromagnetic waves from the kinetic energy of the electron beam is 79.24%.
It is.

The reason for this is that in this case, the ratio of the rotational energy to the axial energy of the electron beam emitted from the electron gun is assumed to be 2, so that 20% of the axial energy of the electron beam is not converted into electromagnetic wave energy.

Note that the axial energy of this electron beam can be recovered by employing a deceleration collector, etc., so the conversion efficiency of the kinetic energy of the electron beam into electromagnetic wave energy is 10
It is possible to get quite close to 0%. Moreover, compared to conventional beniodorons, there is no restriction on high frequency electric field strength due to the ridge spacing, so the ultra high frequency electron tube of the present invention is capable of high power operation.

Note that the TE111 mode of the rectangular air-conditioning resonator illustrated above is one example, and the high-frequency electric field becomes stronger as it moves away from the center of the helical motion of electrons, such as the TE211 mode of a circular cavity resonator. It is also possible to use other electric field modes that have a distribution region where the electric field is small and the magnetic field is also small. In either case, the center of helical motion of the electron beam is located at or near a spatial position where the electric field and magnetic field are minimum. In addition, high efficiency operation can be maintained even at cyclotron harmonics by selecting the electric field mode, so even in the millimeter wave and submillimeter wave bands, it is possible to realize a very high frequency electron tube with high efficiency and high power operation under relatively low magnetic field strength conditions.1.
Ru.

゛ Also, for example, a single-shaped waveguide is used as a high-frequency circuit including a collector section, etc., and a part of this waveguide has an interaction region that has the above-mentioned electric field and magnetic field distribution and satisfies equation (1). Amplify 7 by adding external signal input to this area.
A tube can also be realized.

゛, [Effect of the invention] ・22, Engineering 51, ″″″′″″″″″″″＊ * ti
ll G; t ″1−゛■゛(, has a distribution where the electric field size of the wave is spatially minimum11. At the same time, at the position where this electric field is minimum, the high frequency □l
For a cavity resonator or guided microwave tube with a distribution where the magnetic field is small, the center of the helical motion of the electron beam is ', ', 1 m, ) j , : 1, and the electric field of the TE mode electromagnetic wave is the minimum. The hole 71, □, is characterized by being located at or in the vicinity of the hole 71, □;; Achieving high efficiency operation/, ・ Able to achieve high efficiency operation.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the mutual relationship between the electric field mode in the cavity resonator and the electron beam, and Fig. 3 is a pair of the resonators. Figure 4 is a diagram showing the electric field strength in the angular direction, and Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between helical electrons and electric field strength.
) is a diagram of the motion locus of electrons for each phase, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing changes in the kinetic energy of individual electrons along the tube axis of the resonator. 11...Electron gun structure, 14...Cavity resonator section, 16
... Collector section, 17 ... Output window, 18 ... Output waveguide, 19? ...Solenoid, 20...Cathode,
e...electron beam, Ea, Eb, Ec, Ed-...
First electric field to fourth electric field. Representative Patent Attorney Noriyuki Chika (1 person) Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 8 Figure 4 (j) (k) (1) Figure 5 ゛, □ Figure 6 “Second Sessions Proceedings Amendment Statement” (Part 1 Showa 6th son, 10th son, 10th son, 10th son, Japan Patent Office, Patent Application No. 60-115247 Address: 1-1-5, Shibasu-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105; 0,1 (1) Amend the entire text of the written statement as shown in the attached sheet. (2) Amend the drawing θ as shown in the attached sheet. Description 1, Title of the invention Ultra high frequency electron tube 2, Claims ``Super high frequency electron tube that utilizes cavity action and an electron beam that moves spirally in a mutual direct current magnetic field with a TE mode electromagnetic wave of a resonator or waveguide. In high-frequency electron tubes,
The air-resonator or waveguide has a TE mode current.
It has a distribution where the magnitude of the electric field of the magnetic wave is spatially minimum, and a distribution where the high frequency magnetic field is small at the position where this electric field is minimum, and -
The center of the helical movement of the electron beam is located at the point 3.7. 7 The position where the electric field of E-mode electromagnetic waves is minimum or . 3. Detailed Description of the Invention [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an ultra-high frequency electron tube, and in particular: in a direct current magnetic field. Both the electron beam and the cavity move in a spiral,
The present invention relates to an electron tube that generates and amplifies electromagnetic waves in the microwave to submillimeter wave band through interaction with TE mode electromagnetic waves in an oscillator or waveguide. [Technical Background of the Invention and Problems Therewith] Beniodoron has been known as this kind of electron tube. As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 715-35334, this Beniodoron is produced by the interaction between an electron beam spirally moving in a DC magnetic field and an N magnetic wave propagating in a double ridge pair waveguide high frequency circuit. It is an electron tube that amplifies, or oscillates, electromagnetic waves based on the phase separation effect. In Beniodron, all of the electron beams are captured by the electromagnetic wave's decelerating electric field due to the phase separation effect, so in principle, a high value can be expected for the energy conversion efficiency from the electron beam to electromagnetic waves. This is also the cyclotron angular frequency ω of the spiral motion of the electron beam. By utilizing the interaction between harmonics of and electromagnetic waves, there is an advantage that the strength of the DC magnetic field can be lowered. However, since a double ridge pair waveguide is used as the high frequency circuit, the power resistance is limited by the high frequency electric field strength of the ridge, so the output power of the tube that has been achieved so far is It is only a few kW level. N #CR#f)@”. -2 invention “00°1・Above 06°4″D>(D feature 1
While inheriting a certain level of high efficiency, it also achieves high output.)
・, ゛・ 8., It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultra-high frequency electron tube which can achieve high efficiency and high output operation in the microwave to submillimeter wave band by eliminating the need for a double ridge pair which is an obstacle. □,・5 [Summary of the invention] 1.: . 5 The present invention provides the T of a cavity resonator or a waveguide.
E-mode (2) The electric field of the electromagnetic wave has a spatial minimum distribution, and the high-frequency magnetic field is small at the position where this electric field is minimum, and the electron beam spirals in the interaction area. The center of motion is the ultra-high frequency electron tube V+, which is configured to run at or near the position where the electric field of the TE mode electromagnetic wave is minimum. [Embodiments of the Invention] Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Identical parts are designated by the same reference numerals. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an electron tube according to an embodiment of the present invention. This consists of an electron gun assembly 11 assembled along the tube axis 2,
an electron beam introducing section 12, a small-diameter cutoff section 13, a cavity resonator 14 having a square or rectangular cross section as a waveguide;
It has an output coupling section 15, a collector section 16, an output window 17 made of a dielectric hermetically sealed, an output waveguide 18, and solenoids 19, 20, and 21. The electron gun assembly 11 includes a cathode 22 and an accelerating anode 23, and emits a hollow electron beam e. Solenoid 20°2
1 is installed around the vicinity of the electron gun structure and generates a DC magnetic field of a predetermined strength for converting the hollow electron beam e into a spiral motion around the center axis (two axes) of the tube. The solenoid 19 generates a direct current magnetic field of a predetermined strength in the high frequency circuit portion substantially parallel to the tube axis 2 direction, and causes the electron beam e to move in a spiral manner at a predetermined period. Therefore, the cavity resonator 14 is designed to resonate in the rectangular T E 111 mode at the operating frequency of the electron tube. Note that the cutoff section 13 and collector section 16 on the upstream side, that is, on the side of the electron gun assembly, are the lower part of the TE11. The inner diameter is made small to prevent mode propagation. Note that it is also possible to provide a coupling portion on the collector side and to form the inner diameter large so that the high frequency wave of the TE11 mode can propagate. ■ Now, in the interaction region within the cavity resonator 14, - is
T E 111 mode operating angular frequency ω. cyclone angular frequency of the helical motion of the electron beam e with respect to 4.
ω. The simplest case in which the magnetic field strength is adjusted so that the following equation (A) is satisfied will be explained. ω0shi ω. ...-(A>°-Thereby, the electron beam e and the cavity resonator 14, T
Strong interaction occurs between E111 mode electromagnetic waves, 1.
Similarly, the kinetic energy of the electron beam e is the electromagnetic wave energy □T ); 61. converted to Rugi. The electromagnetic waves generated by this cavity resonator 14 are guided to an external load by an output waveguide 18 through an output coupling section 15 and an output window 17. ,゛・,] ;・[j In the region of the cavity resonator 14, the electric field (arrow) distribution and electric speed of the E111 mode as shown in FIG. It has a positional relationship with the child beam e. In other words, in the rectangular "Ell mode", the first electric field Ea and the third N field (Ec) are spatially oriented in opposite directions.Similarly, the second electric field Eb and the fourth electric field Ed are oriented in opposite directions. attitude
□−゛r, two. Thus, this cavity resonator is a TE mode electromagnetic
□The wave has a distribution in which the electric field is spatially minimum at the central axis, and this electric field is at its minimum. The high-frequency magnetic field (dotted line) has a distribution that decreases at certain positions.
'I'm playing. The center O of the helical movement of the electron beam e is located at or near the axis center of the cavity resonator 14 (corresponding to the tube axis 2). The electric field strength of the T E 111 mode within the cavity resonator 14 has a distribution in which the change in the diagonal direction of the resonator becomes stronger as the center axis moves away from the center axis, as shown by a curve P shown in FIG. That is, the absolute value of the electric field strength distribution in the helical movement portion of the electron beam e increases as it moves away from the beam center O. Furthermore, the intensity distribution of the high-frequency magnetic field is also at its minimum at the center of the spiral motion of the electron beam. In contrast, the electron beam e is located in the central axis region as shown in the figure. Note that Ex, □] 7. E y represents the X component, 1, :, and Y component of the electric field intensity distribution along the diagonal axis. High-frequency electric field and spiral transport with such intensity distribution,
The relationship between the moving electron beam and the moving electron beam is as follows: First, if we consider an electron that experiences a deceleration 5, phase in the right side of the figure, that is, in the region of the first electric field Ea, then in this region 1:' its electric field □ The radius of rotation of the child is reduced and the center of rotation is moved to the first electric field side to flow into the left side of the figure, that is, into the third electric field Ec region. Now, if the condition of formula (A) is satisfied, the third
What these electrons experience on the electric field side is an acceleration phase, but due to the decrease in the radius of rotation and the movement of the center of rotation, the first
The acceleration phase can be seen in the part where the electric field strength is lower than the electric field: side. Therefore 1
In terms of rotation, these electrons give their kinetic energy to electromagnetic waves. Moreover, the center of rotation of this electron moves to the first electric field side due to acceleration on the third N field side, so in subsequent rotations, the deceleration effect on the first electric field side becomes more and more dominant, and finally the third electric field side The kinetic energy is given to the i-wave on the first electric field side without flowing into the i-wave. On the other hand, for electrons that experience an acceleration phase on the first electric field side when they first enter the electric field space, the above process is simply reversed, and the deceleration effect on the third electric field side is greater than that on the first electric field side. It increases in size, gives kinetic energy to the electromagnetic wave per rotation, and eventually comes to surround the third electric field side. The above is a qualitative explanation of the Beniodoron operation when only the effects on the first N field side and the third electric field side are considered, but in the configuration of the present invention, the second electric field Eb
side, the effect of the fourth electric field Ed side is added. That is, first, in FIG. 3, the spirally moving electrons experience the maximum electric field in the tangential direction at positions 18 and 7.6 on the first electric field side. □0□□6
07. a. Think about . At point a, this electron
Z, ′−・ From the electric field in the direction of rotation
・3QE□CO3θ ′
. receive the power of Here, q is the electron charge and E is
] is the first electric field strength at point 2a. This electron is 1/4
; After rotation, it enters the second electric field side and receives a force of "QE□Sfnθ" from the second electric field in the direction of rotation. Therefore, the movement of the center of rotation of the electron after one rotation and the direction of increase/decrease in the radius of rotation are as follows: Unlike when considering only the effects on the first and third electric field sides, the electrons are located in the composite direction of the two electric field directions.When this electron returns to the vicinity of point a again, the first electric field side becomes a beniodoron. The diagonal movement of the rotation center of electrons that contributes to the movement is COSθ times the movement of the entire rotation center,
Moreover, when it returns to the second electric field side, it is sin θ times that amount. Beniodron movement involves the movement of the center of rotation and half a rotation, as mentioned above. ,two. This is caused by the synergistic effect of the decrease in diameter and the electric field reinforcing this change. Therefore, the contributions of the first to fourth electric fields to the beniodoron operation are given by the following equations. -Q (E, CO81l-cosθ+l:oslnθ-
slnθ)−−QE, −−−−−・(B) This equation (8) means that the incident electron beam e contributes equally to the beniodoron operation regardless of the phase of incidence of each electron into the electric field space. are doing. In other words, all the electrons impart their kinetic energy to the electromagnetic wave almost equally, contributing to the amplification of the electromagnetic wave. This is the reason why the electron tube of the present invention can be expected to have particularly high efficiency. On the other hand, since the strength of the high-frequency magnetic field in the space where the electrons move spirally is small, their movement is not hindered, and therefore a strong energy conversion effect from electrons to electromagnetic waves can be obtained. In this way, in the configuration of the present invention, there are no undesirable electrons that receive energy from electromagnetic waves as in the operating mechanism of a normal traveling wave tube or gyrotron, and all electrons transfer their kinetic energy to the electromagnetic field. As a result, even higher conversion efficiency can be obtained. FIG. 4 shows an example of the results of a computer simulation of the motion trajectory of electrons in the T E 111 mode cavity co-container of the electron tube of the present invention. (1) to (12) in the figure each show 12 models in which the incident phase of electrons is changed from O to π. From the figure, it can be understood that, as mentioned above, electrons in all phases gradually shift their centers of rotation outward from the central axis, imparting their kinetic energy to electromagnetic waves and reducing their radius of rotation. In addition, FIG. 5 shows a rectangular shape along the axial direction of the cavity resonator 14.
This shows the change in the kinetic energy of an electron. From the same figure, : ]・ ・°9j All the electrons of the spirally moving electron beam move into the cavity;; ゛ As they progress through the resonator, their kinetic energy, Pa・1 1. The electron energy is also decreased by giving electromagnetic waves. 't is understood. In this simulation example, (:2JR), the conversion efficiency of the energy imparted from the kinetic energy of the electron beam to the electromagnetic wave is 7
It is 9.24%. I-52 The reason is the electrons emitted from the electron gun in this case! This is because the ratio of the rotational energy to the axial energy of the electron beam is assumed to be 2, so that 20% of the axial energy of the electron beam is not converted into electromagnetic wave energy. ,゛゛The axial energy of this electron beam is, ゛because its energy dispersion is extremely small.
Since it can be almost completely recovered by employing a deceleration collector, the efficiency of converting the kinetic energy of the electron beam into electromagnetic wave energy can be quite close to 100%. Moreover, compared to conventional beniodorons, there is no restriction on the high frequency electric field strength due to the ridge gap, so the ultra high frequency electron tube of the present invention can operate with high power. Note that the TE 111 mode of a square or rectangular waveguide cavity illustrated above is just one example, and the TE 211 mode of a circular cavity resonator, for example, is a mode in which the electrons move away from the center of helical motion. It is also possible to use other electric field modes in which the high-frequency electric field becomes stronger and has a distribution region where the electric field is small and the magnetic field is also small. In either case, the center of helical motion of the electron beam is located at or near a spatial position where the electric field and magnetic field are minimum. In addition, high efficiency operation can be maintained even at cyclotron harmonics by selecting the electric field mode.
:' Therefore, even in the millimeter wave and submillimeter wave bands, it is possible to realize an ultra-high frequency electron tube with high efficiency and high power operation under relatively low magnetic field strength conditions. Furthermore, if a single-shaped waveguide is used as a high-frequency circuit including a collector section, etc., and a part of this waveguide has the above-mentioned electric field and magnetic field distribution, 1. : DC magnetic field conditions that satisfy the operating conditions mentioned above.
It is also possible to realize an amplifier tube by For a cavity resonator or a waveguide that has a distribution where the electric field is spatially minimum and a high-frequency magnetic field is small at the position where the electric field is minimum, the center of the helical motion of the electron beam is in the TE mode. This is an ultra-high frequency electron tube characterized in that the electric field of electromagnetic waves is located at or near a position where the electric field is minimum. As a result, it is possible to achieve high efficiency operation with a higher power consumption than has been achieved in the past. 4. Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the mutual relationship between the electromagnetic field mode and the electron beam in the cavity resonator, and FIG. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the electric field strength in the diagonal direction of the resonator, Figure 4 is a diagram of the movement trajectory of electrons for each phase, and Figure 5 is the movement of individual electrons along the tube axis of the resonator. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing changes in energy. 11...Electron gun structure, 14...Cavity resonator section, 16
... Collector section, 17 ... Output window, 18 ... Output waveguide, 19.20.21 ... Solenoid, 22 ...
- Cathode, 23... Accelerating anode, e... Electron beam, Ea, Eb%EC, Ed-... First electric field to fourth electric field.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In an ultra-high frequency electron tube that utilizes the interaction between an electron beam spirally moving in a DC magnetic field and a TE mode electromagnetic wave of a cavity resonator or waveguide, the cavity resonator or waveguide is , has a distribution in which the magnitude of the electric field of the TE mode electromagnetic wave is spatially minimum, and has a distribution in which the high-frequency magnetic field becomes small at the position where this electric field is minimum, and the center of the spiral motion of the electron beam is located in the TE mode. An ultra-high frequency electron tube characterized in that it is configured to be at or near a position where the electric field of mode electromagnetic waves is minimum.