JPS61272591A - Heat-flow straightening element and container using same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an element having heat-flow straightening performance and very simple element, by sealing a liquid, which occupies a part of the inner volume of a hollow body, in the thin hollow body, whose top and bottom parts are exposed from the upper and lower surfaces of a heat insulating wall. CONSTITUTION:The titled element is composed of a thin hollow body 1, a small amount of medium liquid 2, which is sealed in the hollow body under the pressure reduced state, and a heat insulating wall 3, which is made to pierce through the hollow body 1 and therein. A space 0 in the hollow body 1 is in the pressure reduced state. When the temperature of a heat output side 4 is low and that of a heat input side 5 is high, the high temperature at the heat input side 5 is transferred to the medium 2 by the heat transfer through a bottom plate 15 of the hollow body 1. The temperature of the medium liquid 2 is increased and the liquid is evaporated. The pressure in the space 0 is increased to a saturated vapor pressure at this temperature. At this time, the temperature of the lower surface of a top plate 14 of the hollow body 1 is low and close to the temperature at the heat output side 4 owing to the heat transfer through the top plate 14. Therefore, the vapor in the space 0, which is contacted with said surface is excessively saturated. Latent heat of vaporization is discharged to the top plate 14, and the vapor is condensed, liquidfied and returned to the well of the medium liquid 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to a novel thermal rectifying element that transmits heat in one direction and blocks heat in the opposite direction. In the present invention, "thermal rectification" refers to the effect of transmitting heat only in one direction and blocking heat in the opposite direction, as described above.

The present invention also relates to a novel container equipped with the above-mentioned thermal rectifying element.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, there has been no material with a simple structure that transmits heat only in one direction and blocks heat in the opposite direction.

For example, for purposes such as releasing heat from inside an insulating container to keep the inside of the container at a low temperature, or injecting heat into an insulating container to keep the inside of the container at a high temperature, there is a device that releases or injects heat and a device that insulates the container. (container). Furthermore, even in devices with a one-piece construction, the inside and outside of the heat insulating container are communicated through narrow passages for refrigerant, electric power, etc., and heat is transferred in and out through these passages. To give a familiar example, a refrigerator is an example of the former type, which releases heat through a refrigerant. Another example of the latter is the combination of a thermos flask and a kettle, where the kettle is used to boil water first, and then the hot water is transferred from the kettle to the thermos flask to maintain the high temperature of the water.

This is a natural outcome since heat insulation and heat transfer are contradictory effects. In other words, it has not been possible to find a material that has good heat conductivity and good heat insulation properties.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] Considering the isodirectionality of heat flow (including conduction, radiation, and convection), heat insulation and heat transfer are contradictory phenomena as described above, so separate equipment means are required. It is necessary to use them together. Therefore, in order to perform heat insulation and heat transfer at the same time, there is a drawback that it takes time and effort as described above, or the equipment and equipment become complicated. ' In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an element that has thermal rectification performance and has an extremely simple structure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a container or device that uses this element to provide both thermal insulation and unidirectional heat transfer.

Also, as mentioned above, in order to inject heat into the heat insulating container or release heat from the inside of the container.

Generally, they require other sources of energy, which are man-made. For this reason, conventionally, means and devices for obtaining energy, means and devices for utilizing energy, that is, converting it into thermal energy, and associated energy control means and devices have been required.

That is, another object of the present invention is to generate heat that can be carried out either by injecting heat into an insulating container or releasing heat from the container using only thermal energy itself, which is most abundant in nature, and universal gravitational energy. The present invention provides a rectifying element and a container using the rectifying element.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the heat rectifying element of the present invention has an insulating wall, is installed horizontally through the insulating wall, and has a top portion and a bottom portion connected to the upper surface of the insulating wall. It is characterized by a thin hollow body exposed on the lower surface and a liquid sealed in the hollow body and occupying a part of the internal volume of the hollow body, and allowing only heat to pass from below to above the insulating wall. That is.

As the hollow body, for example, one in which water is sealed under reduced pressure is used.

Furthermore, the container of the present invention includes an insulating container, a thin hollow body that is attached through a horizontal wall of the container, and has a top and a bottom exposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the horizontal wall, respectively; and a liquid that is sealed in the hollow body and occupies a part of the internal volume of the hollow body, and is characterized in that only heat flow directed from below to above the horizontal wall portion passes through.

[Function] As described above, the heat rectifying element of the present invention consists of a heat insulating wall, a hollow body attached through the heat insulating wall, and a small amount of liquid sealed in the hollow body. The configuration is extremely simple.

In the heat rectifying element, when the temperature of the lower surface of the heat insulating wall, that is, the bottom of the hollow body increases, the liquid in the hollow body evaporates due to the heat, and the top of the hollow body exposed on the upper surface (low temperature side) of the heat insulating wall increases. When the steam comes into contact with the hollow body, it condenses, giving heat to the top of the hollow body, and radiating the heat from the top of the top. On the other hand, when the heat rectifying element does not perform such an action, that is, when the bottom of the hollow body is lower than a predetermined temperature, the hollow body itself exists as a heat insulating layer. Therefore, only heat directed upward from below the heat insulating wall is allowed to pass under certain conditions.

[Examples] The thermal rectifying element of the present invention and a container using the same will be described in more detail below based on illustrated examples.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the basic structure of the thermal rectifying element of the present invention.

The heat rectifying element consists of a thin hollow body 1, a small amount of liquid medium 2 sealed in the hollow body 1 under reduced pressure, and a heat insulating wall 3 that penetrates and holds the hollow body 1. The space O inside the hollow body 1 is in a reduced pressure state. This is the basic structure of the thermal rectifying element.

In the figure, reference numeral 4 indicates a heat outflow side, and reference numeral 5 indicates a heat inflow side, and the mounting direction of the heat rectifying element is horizontal to the direction of gravity G as shown.

In the figure, assuming that the heat outflow side 4 and the heat inflow side 5 are at the same temperature, the space 0 is in equilibrium with the saturated vapor pressure of the medium 2 at that temperature. Depending on the intended use temperature, medium 2
If a material is selected and the vapor pressure at this time is set low, the heat transfer due to this vapor can be substantially ignored. At this time, no steam convection occurs, and side 1 of the hollow body l
113 is thin, and by selecting a material with low thermal conductivity as the material of the container, the heat transfer that occurs through the cross section of this side wall 13 becomes negligible. Therefore,
In this state, the thermal rectifier is in an adiabatic state.

Next, when the heat outflow side 4 is high temperature and the heat inflow side 5 is low temperature, the temperature of the medium 2 is almost the same as the temperature of the heat inflow side 5, so the internal space 0 is The vapor pressure is lower than in the above case, the OFF state is deeper, and the adiabatic state is better.

Next, when the heat outflow side 4 is at a low temperature and the heat inflow side 5 is at a high temperature, due to heat transfer through the bottom plate 15 of the hollow body 1,
The high temperature on the heat inflow side 5 is transmitted to the medium 2, the temperature of the medium 2 increases and evaporates, and the space 0 rises to the saturated vapor pressure at this temperature. At this time, the lower surface of the top plate 14 of the hollow body 1 is at a low temperature close to the temperature of the heat outflow side 4 due to heat transfer through the top plate 14, so the steam in the space θ in contact with this surface becomes supersaturated, The operation of 0 or more releases the latent heat of vaporization to the plate 14, and the vapor itself condenses and liquefies and returns to the reservoir of the medium 2. From a thermal perspective, the medium 2 absorbs heat from the heat inflow side 5 and evaporates.
Heat is released to the heat outflow side 4, condensed and returned to the medium 2, so
As a result, heat flow occurs from the heat inflow side 5 to the heat outflow side 4. That is, the thermal rectifying element is in an ON state. In addition to this action of receiving and receiving the latent heat of vaporization, heat conduction due to the increase in vapor pressure and convection effect due to the flow of vapor also contribute to the ON effect of the element.

To summarize the operation of the thermal rectifying element with the above basic structure, the element will be in the ON state only when the lower surface of the element is high temperature and the upper surface is cold, heat flow is generated from the bottom to the top through the element, and other environments Below, the element is in the OFF state, so the element is adiabatic.

Note that the above heat exchange, that is, heat flow, is caused by evaporation and condensation of the medium 2, so the medium 2 evaporates near the temperature on the heat inflow side 5, and the medium 2 evaporates near the temperature on the heat outflow side 4. As a very general example, if water is sealed under a reduced pressure of about 0.1 kg/cm2, the water will start to boil at about 50°C, and the water will start to boil at about 50°C. If the temperature is lower than that temperature, the water vapor condenses on the underside of the top plate 14 and releases heat to the top plate 14, and the vapor pressure inside the hollow body is kept near the initial value, i.e., at this temperature, no heat is generated. will continue to be distributed. Further, when the temperature of the top plate 14 is high, the vapor of the medium 2 does not condense, so the vapor pressure inside the hollow body 1 becomes high, and the boiling point becomes higher. Therefore, even when water is sealed, by selecting the sealing pressure, it can be set so that heat flows from the heat inflow side 5 to the heat outflow side 4 over a wide temperature range. Furthermore, it is possible to change the boiling point of the medium 2 within the hollow body 1 depending on the type of liquid enclosed.

Note that, especially when the temperature difference between the heat outflow side 4 and the heat inflow side 5 is small, heat transfer is slow due to overheating of water, supersaturation of water vapor, and heat transfer resistance of the water vapor barrier film and the top plate 14 itself. Although this may occur in some cases, it is unlikely to be a problem in the application of the present invention, which is intended for more than 10 hours.

The liquid medium 2 that can be used is preferably a liquid that is chemically and thermally stable, has a desired boiling point, and is not corrosive or toxic. For example, in addition to the water mentioned above, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic Hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, etc. can be used, and a wide range of choices are possible depending on the application temperature.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the hollow body 1 has a side wall 13 made of a stainless steel plate and a top plate 14 made of a steel plate.
and the bottom plate 15 are assembled by welding. As the medium 2, use ether etc. for room temperature applications, and use warm water (80%
For high-temperature applications (boiling, steaming, etc.), use liquids such as n-butanol and ethylbenzene, which have a boiling point 10 to 30 degrees Celsius higher than the intended temperature under normal pressure. can do.

The function of this embodiment is similar to that of the previous embodiment, but the meanings of the illustrated constituent materials are as follows.

The functions of the side wall 13 are to maintain airtightness inside and outside the element, to withstand increases in internal vapor pressure, and to suppress heat transfer from this wall portion.

Therefore, a material with high tensile strength and low thermal conductivity is desired, and stainless steel is exemplified.

The function of the top plate 14 and the bottom plate 15 is that the side wall 1 has airtightness and pressure resistance.
Although it is the same as No. 3, good heat conduction in the direction of the plate thickness is desired. If we pay attention to heat conduction, copper, aluminum, etc. are preferable, and if pressure resistance is also considered, aluminum plated steel plates etc. can be used.

Note that the side wall 13, the top plate 14, and the bottom plate 15 have contradictory requirements for thermal conductivity, but since the direction of heat conduction is different between the direction perpendicular to the plate thickness and the direction of the plate thickness, It is also possible to use a material 1 with extremely high yield strength, such as precipitation hardening stainless steel or amorphous metal, in an extremely thin plate.

The characteristics of medium 2 are that the normal pressure boiling point is 10°C to 30°C higher than the application temperature.
The reason why it is a substance that is at a high temperature of ℃ is that for practical purposes,
The thermal gradient temperature difference through the top plate 14 and bottom plate 15 is l
Since the temperature is often between θ°C and 30°C, this is the reason for planning to operate the steam pressure in the vessel at around 1 atmosphere to reduce the stress applied to the container plate material. Of course,
This setting can be designed in various ways depending on the intended use of the device and required device characteristics.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the third embodiment.

This embodiment incorporates some structural improvements, first of all, the side wall is the upper wall 131. Consisting of the lower wall 132, the outer gt
si, 182 and the inner wall 18 are assembled as an annular structure, the interior of which is evacuated.

Next, a large number of fins 10 are arranged radially on the top plate 14 and the bottom plate 15.
゜16.17 are integrated.

According to this configuration, the heat transfer through the side walls is parallel to the paths of the upper wall 131 and the lower wall 132 and the paths of the outer walls 181 and 182, and heat is transferred from both paths, but the rigidity of the structure increases. This reduces stress, allows the use of thinner plates, reduces the cross-sectional area, and reduces the stress on the upper wall 13.
1, lower wall 132. The path length of the outer walls 181 and 182 is increased, and the inside thereof is kept in a vacuum to block heat conduction, so that the amount of heat transfer can be reduced as a whole.

The fins 10.113.17 are connected to the top plate 14 and the bottom plate 15.
surface, space 0, heat outflow side 14. This is intended to reduce the thermal gradient of the boundary layer between the heat inflow sides 15, and is particularly suitable for heat exchange with the gas phase side.

Note that the space 0 is created by the upper wall 131 and the lower wall 132.
When this structure is adopted in which a small diameter part is formed in the center of the
Applications that require the thermal rectifying element to be temporarily tilted and turned over (when the object to be cooled and stored in the heat outflow side 4 or heat inflow side 5 is a liquid, operation application when this liquid is poured out)
This prevents the medium 2 from coming into contact with the top plate 14, thereby making it possible to prevent the insulation from breaking due to temporary movement of the medium. Of course, for this purpose, the rigidity provided by the above-mentioned structure is not required, so it is possible to provide the same function even if a simple perforated plate with a hole in the center is mounted horizontally in the center of the hollow body 1.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the characteristics of the thermal rectifying element of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the thermal rectifying element will be represented using the symbols shown in the same figure (left), and if this is expressed as an equivalent circuit of an electric circuit,
It can be expressed as shown in the same figure (middle). In this figure, if we consider that the level of thermal energy (temperature) is replaced with potential (voltage) and the amount of heat passing is replaced with current, then D is a diode representing the action inside the thin-walled container, and R14, R15, R1
3 is the thermal resistance of the top plate 14, bottom plate 15, and side wall 13, respectively.

FIG. 4 (right) is a comparison of the characteristics of the thermal diode D itself in the isolateral path. The horizontal axis is the voltage/temperature axis.

Assuming that the vertical axis represents the current/heat flow axis, the characteristics of an ideal diode are shown in (a). In comparison, an actual semiconductor diode has the characteristics shown in (b), and the characteristics of the thermal diode D, which has enhancement (ε) and ON4[resistance (γ), are as shown in characteristic (c). The ON resistance is large, there is also reverse leakage, and it is non-linear. However, since it does not have the enhancement (ε) shown in (1), it exhibits diode characteristics (one-way heat flow characteristics) when the amount of heat passing through it is small even if there is a small temperature difference.

Interpreting this qualitatively, on the ON side, it is suitable for applications that require a small amount of heat to pass due to a slow temperature change, or for applications that require a large amount of heat to pass due to a large temperature difference, and on the OFF side, it is suitable for applications that require a small amount of heat to pass through due to a slow temperature change. Rather, it is understood that the characteristics are suitable for heat and cold preservation for a period of several hours to several days.

Ideally, R14 and R15 should be O, and R13 should be ■, but as mentioned in the explanation of the basic structure, R
The second and third embodiments described above, in which the values of R14 and R15 are relatively large and the value of R13 is relatively small, show measures to reduce R14 and R15 and measures to improve R13, but are not perfect. However, while accepting that point,
Since there are many applications in which the present invention can be applied with great benefits, a few examples will be presented.

Figure 885 shows the solar heat storage device 3.

In the figure, a heat medium 90 such as oil or water is sealed inside a pressure vessel 91 covered with a heat insulating material 92, and a pressure vessel 91
A thermal rectifying element 1 is provided on the lower surface of the device, and sunlight is focused by a reflecting mirror 8 to heat the lower surface.

A heat exchanger 93 is provided in the pressure vessel 91, through which water is supplied from a water supply port 94, and hot water is taken out from an outlet 95 for use.

In this application example of thermal rectifier, (a) When there is no sunlight (at night or on cloudy days).

Since the heat rectifying element naturally returns to its adiabatic state, no operation is required.

(b) Comparison of the intensity of sunlight (lower surface temperature of the heat rectifying element) and the temperature of the heat medium 90 is also performed naturally, and there is no need to consider the relationship with the amount of heat storage.

This corresponds to the fact that the amount of heat used is also measured and controlled naturally.

(C) Since the heat rectifying element has sufficient airtightness and pressure resistance, it is possible to maintain the pressure inside the pressure vessel 91 at a high pressure, and therefore even if water, which is easily available as a heat medium, is used, the temperature can reach 100°C.
It is possible to store heat at temperatures exceeding

(d) The ON resistance of the thermal rectifier is (R14+R15),
As mentioned above, this is a slightly large value, but this characteristic does not pose a problem because the temperature of the concentrated sunlight can be made sufficiently higher than the high temperatures used in daily life (boiling, steaming, and frying temperatures). Furthermore, although the leak resistance (RlG) is low, it does not pose a practical problem in this application, where the temperature can be kept until the next day.

(e) Apart from the power for supplying the water for use to the heat exchanger 93 and, if necessary, the power for the reflector to track the sun, the heat storage device operates naturally using solar thermal energy alone. Therefore, the running cost of the heat storage device itself is zero.

(f) It can withstand being used completely unattended (of course, only the faucet for hot water and water must be opened and closed).

The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is a cooler.

This is a configuration in which a heat rectifying element 1 is provided on the canopy of a heat insulating container 6, and the heat insulating container 6 is separated into a container body 81 and a lid 62 to facilitate the loading and unloading of stored items into the container 60. . The top plate 141 of the heat rectifying element 1 is expanded until it covers the entire surface of the lid, and is further heated using means to increase the area exposed to the outside air, such as a large number of heat dissipating fins indicated by reference numeral 1131, open-cell foam, or woven fabric. Makes it easy to replace. Of course, it is also effective to provide similar means for putting on clothes.

This cooler radiates heat from the inside 60 when the temperature is low, for example in the early morning, and maintains this low temperature throughout the day.

Its uses include maintaining the freshness of fruits and vegetables, keeping jelly, chocolate, fresh sweets, and milk cold, and preserving cooking materials and foods during the summer. In addition, in environments with high temperature and low humidity, windy places, outdoors, deserts, etc., the on-board heat dissipation section 161 may be wetted with water, and the evaporation of the heat dissipation section 161 may cause the heat dissipation section to
61 can be kept at a lower temperature than the outside air, and the inside of the container can be kept cool through a heat rectifying element. Furthermore, in portable applications such as mountain climbing and picnics, it is possible to cool the device to a lower temperature using residual snow or perfume. In the above case, the type of medium in the heat rectifier 1 can be adjusted appropriately depending on the temperature to which the top plate 141 of the heat rectifier 1 is exposed. Just choose.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is a heat insulator.

Although this is the opposite of the previous embodiment, the structure is similar, so the same reference numerals are given. Although not shown in the figure, it is optional to provide surface area enlarging means such as radiation fins on the upper or lower surface of the thermal rectifying element 1. This embodiment, contrary to the cooler shown in FIG. 6, absorbs heat from the outside air or an appropriate heat source to keep the inside of the cooler 60 warm or high temperature.

When this insulator is left unused, it absorbs heat during the highest temperature of the day, keeping the inside of the insulator warm throughout the day, and can be used for fermentation of koji and yeast. Furthermore, it is also possible to use hot spring water, the embers of a bonfire, a pocket warmer, heat from a chemical reaction, etc. to keep the inside of the container at a high temperature. used.

Furthermore, more aggressively, there is also a use in which food is heated with a cooking gas flame to be cooked by boiling, steaming, boiling, etc., and then kept at that high temperature and served at the table.

In this embodiment, since the heat source is easier to obtain than ice and snow, it has a wide range of uses when used as a portable outdoor heat insulator.

In addition, since the running cost is zero apart from the heat source, special uses such as making ``taru persimmons'' by soaking them in used bathtubs become possible, making use of remaining energy.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is a portable cold bottle.

The structure of this embodiment is such that the above-described heat insulator and cold insulator are stacked vertically with the heat rectifying element in the center.

The heat insulating container 8 is composed of a lid 62, an upper container body 63, and a lower container body 64, and the heat rectifying element 1 is provided at the bottom of the earthenware container 63.

Therefore, the upper chamber interior 65 operates as a cold storage room, and the lower chamber interior 86 operates as a cold storage chamber. Therefore, as a usage, (a) Lower vessel 66
(b) A heat absorbing source is inserted into the upper container 65 and the lower container 66 is used as a cold insulator.Although the two options D can be selected, the above-mentioned Since high-temperature substances such as sparks that are heat sources are easily obtained in the natural environment, the latter method of use has higher utility value.

As a portable cold bottle, heat-absorbing substances such as ice and snow are placed in the upper container 65, and food and drinks are stored in the lower container 6B. This application overlaps with the use of the cooler mentioned above, but the upper body and lid insulate the heat absorbing material, which is difficult to obtain outdoors, to limit wasteful heat radiation to the outside air and effectively provide a cooling effect. This is something that can be contributed to. In addition, food can be stored cleanly regardless of contamination from endothermic substances, and food can be placed in bulk without packaging in the lower chamber, making it easy to use.

The embodiment shown in Figure 9 is a permanent battery.

In this embodiment, the sealed insulated container 6 is partitioned into two upper and lower chambers by an electrically insulating heat insulating wall 67, and a large number of thermopiles T (thermocouples) are connected in series through this insulating wall 67.
is provided. A heat radiating part 7 is provided covering the entire outer surface of the heat insulating container 6, and is in close contact with the inside of the heat dissipating part 7, and the top part 6 of the heat insulating container 6
8 and the bottom part 89, and two heat rectifying elements 1 are fitted therein. The heat dissipation section 7 may be provided with heat absorption and dissipation fins, or may be divided into upper and lower halves to serve as electrodes. It is also preferable to use the top plate 14 of the upper heat rectifying element and the bottom plate 15 of the lower heat rectifying element, and it is also possible to attach radiation fins to the bottom plate of the upper heat rectifying element and the top plate of the lower heat rectifying element. can. Furthermore, it is also possible to fill either or both of the upper and lower chambers of the heat-insulating container with a liquid such as insulating oil.

When this permanent battery is left unused, the lower heat rectifier turns on to warm the lower room when the diurnal temperature is highest, and the upper heat rectifier turns on to warm the upper room when the diurnal temperature is the lowest. cool down. Therefore, a temperature difference close to the diurnal temperature difference is obtained between the upper and lower rooms and maintained throughout the day. This temperature difference causes the thermopile to generate an electromotive force, which can be used as a battery by leading it out of the device.

Although this embodiment cannot extract a large amount of electric power, it does not consume the battery and has the characteristics of a permanent battery that lasts semi-permanently. Applications that take advantage of this characteristic include power supplies for measuring instruments and crystal oscillation clocks installed in remote areas, backup power supplies for semiconductor memory devices, and power supplies for beacon light sources in dark places at night. Since the lifespan of this battery is expected to be longer than the lifespan of the electronic and electrical equipment in question, it can effectively be said to be a permanent battery, and furthermore, no special processing operations such as maintenance are required. It is extremely useful.

In addition, as a more active usage method, the usage method of each of the above-mentioned examples is applied, for example, by wetting it with water and cooling it by evaporation,
Of course, it is also possible to use waste energy such as hot water from used bathtubs or heat from high-temperature waste water from factories to extract a large amount of electricity.

[Effects] In the present invention, the direction of heat flow is limited to the anti-gravity direction, but the effect can be summarized in that an element or container having a heat rectifying effect can be obtained.

The effects derived from this are as follows.

(a) It is possible to store heat and maintain temperature by using only the most abundant thermal energy and universal gravitational energy in nature.

(b) Since thermal energy can be accumulated by the action of heat itself, natural operation can be expected without requiring any control operations.

(C) Poor quality (high entropy) or contaminated thermal energy sources can also be used.

(d) Combined use of artificial or processed energy is also possible.

(e) Particularly suited for low-volume, permanent energy use.

(f) As explained in detail through some application examples, the effects at the application level are very diverse and wide-ranging, and there are many places where it brings convenience that is closely related to real life.

In addition, although a direct explanation will be omitted, since the running cost is zero, it has a variety of applications in industrial heat and cold storage applications, especially temporary storage of work-in-progress in the chemical industry, in relation to the form of waste energy. Therefore, a significant energy saving effect can be expected.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the thermal rectifying element of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the second embodiment, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the third embodiment, Fig. 4 is a characteristic explanatory diagram of the thermal rectifying element, and Fig. 5
Figures 9 to 9 show examples to which the rectifying element of the present invention is applied. Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a solar heat storage device, Figure 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cooler, and Figure 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heat insulator. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portable cold bottle, and FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a permanent battery. The symbols in the figure are as follows. For multi-digit numbers, the top digit represents the item as shown in the table below, and the bottom digit is the part, component, or modification. 00. Space inside the container 16. Hollow body20. Medium 31. Insulated wall 48. Heat outflow side 59. Heat inflow side 60. Insulated container 70. Heat dissipation can 898 reflector 83. Pressure vessel patent applicant Ei Workshop Co., Ltd. Agent Former patent attorney
Hajime ShimaFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 7

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) an insulating wall, installed horizontally through the insulating wall;
and a thin hollow body whose top and bottom parts are exposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulating wall, respectively, and a liquid sealed in the hollow body and occupying a part of the internal volume of the hollow body, and the insulating wall A thermal rectifying element that allows only heat flow from below to above to pass through. (2) The heat rectifying element according to claim 1, wherein the hollow body is one in which water is sealed under reduced pressure. (3) A heat-insulating container, a thin hollow body that is installed through the horizontal wall of the container and has a top and bottom exposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the horizontal wall, respectively, and inside the hollow body. A container characterized in that it is made of a liquid that is sealed and occupies a part of the internal volume of the hollow body, and that only heat flow from below to above the horizontal wall is allowed to pass through. (4) The hollow body is attached to a horizontal wall at the bottom of the container, and heat is introduced into the container from the outside only when the temperature outside the container is high.
Thermal containers listed in section. (5) The solar heat storage device according to claim 4, wherein a heat medium is sealed in the container, a heat exchanger is installed, and a light collecting reflector is provided under the container. (6) Claim 3, wherein the hollow body is attached to the upper horizontal wall of the container and discharges heat from inside the container to the outside only when the temperature outside the container is low.
Insulated containers listed in section.