JPS61254698A - Metal processing fluid and concentrate containing lanolin and lubricating and cooling of metal during processing - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a lens metalworking fluid.

More particularly, the present invention relates to lanolin emulsions for use as water-based lubricating coolants for metalwork. Additionally, the present invention relates to lanolin-containing emulsions, emulsifiable concentrates, and methods for cooling and lubricating metals in metalworking operations.

In many metalworking operations, it is generally desirable to use fluids to lubricate and cool metal surfaces at points of contact where friction occurs. Metalworking fluids are the primary lubricating coolants in metalworking, acting as apparently independent mechanisms to reduce frictional heat generation through lubrication and heat buildup through heat conduction from surfaces. The advantages are extended tool life and increased operating speed. At the same time, the second advantage is an improvement in the surface finish and the dimensional stability of the work piece.

It is known that hydrocarbon oils, including fatty acids and oils, are good lubricants that reduce friction and reduce heat generation in metalworking operations. In particular, lanolin is a good lubricant for non-ferrous metal work. However, hydrocarbon oils are not effective coolants on their own; water has twice the specific heat of hydrocarbon oils, and also transfers heat two to three times faster than oil, making water an excellent cooling agent. It is a liquid. However, water by itself has very low lubricating value, so many efforts have been attempted to combine lanolin and water as stable solutions or emulsions for use as lubricating coolants in metalworking operations. Ta.

For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,672,976 to Overath et al. describes a metalworking lubricant consisting of an aqueous emulsion of wool fat and fatty acids saponified with an alkali metal hydroxide. There is. This lubricant composition, however, is unsuitable for use with hard water, even those mentioned by Operat.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,206 to Burton et al.
No. 059 proposes an aqueous emulsion of wool fat saponified with sodium hydroxide as a metalworking lubricant. To create a more stable emulsion, Burton combined molten wool side with cellulose, circulation of this mixture with mineral oil through a shearing device under back pressure, saponification with sodium hydroxide, and subsequent heating and A cumbersome multi-step process is described that involves the sequential addition of ethoxylated alkylphenol, inert filler and finally water with stirring. Naturally, such a long and complicated process is not suitable for industrial production.
The lubricant presented by Burton also contains a large amount of mineral oil, which reduces its ecological value.

Fluids that do not contain mineral oil are Her-nand
No. 4,390,436. The water-based metalworking lubricants described contain thickeners in combination with lanolin, fatty acid amine soaps and waxes. Although this water-based metalworking fluid from Hernandez is very good in many respects, it does tend to form a water-insoluble coating on the surface of the workpiece during some metalworking operations.

It has also been found that such compositions generally cannot be continuously circulated as lubricating coolants, and that these compositions are sensitive to hard water.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide novel lanolin emulsions and emulsifiable concentrates for water-based metalworking fluids. Hard water stable lanolin emulsions and emulsifiable concentrates are provided.

The present invention also provides a method for cooling and lubricating metal during metalworking operations.

The present invention also provides lanolin emulsion concentrates for water-based metalworking fluid formulations, lanolin and water emulsion lubricating coolants, and mineral oil-free lanolin emulsions for metalworking fluids. be.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a lanolin emulsion for a water-based metalworking fluid comprising water; lanolin; a fatty acid; an amine; and a nonionic surfactant. Emulsifiable concentrates include lanolin; fatty acids; amines and nonionic surfactants.For convenience, the term ``lanolin emulsion''
We shall include the term "emulsifiable concentrate", ie emulsion mixtures without a water component.

As mentioned above, the lanolin emulsions of the present invention are for use in water-based metalworking fluids. The combination of this lanolin emulsion with a large amount of water facilitates the formation of a metalworking fluid, which constitutes a second embodiment of the invention. This metalworking fluid contains lanolin; fatty acids; amines; nonionic surfactants;
and contains large amounts of water.

The method of the present invention for lubricating and cooling metal during a metalworking operation includes contacting the metal involved in the metalworking operation with a lubricating and cooling effective amount of a lanolin emulsion.

It has now been surprisingly discovered that the lanolin emulsion metalworking fluid of the present invention is stable in hard water. In fact, the present lanolin fluids exhibit a substantial increase in lubricity when formulated with hard water or when electrolytes are added.

Accordingly, yet another aspect of the invention is a lanolin emulsion and metalworking fluid comprising: lanolin; a fatty acid, an amine; a nonionic surfactant; and at least one electrolyte.

The electrolyte is present in an amount sufficient to enhance the lubricating properties of the metalworking fluid formed by aqueous dilution of the lanolin emulsion.

The lanolin emulsion of the present invention is easily diluted with water to become a water-based metalworking fluid that is in frictional contact during metalworking operations such as shaving, cutting, milling, peeling, grinding, etc. Lubricate and cool surfaces. The metalworking fluid can also be used as a hydraulic fluid in metal pressing operations. The metalworking fluid of the present invention is:

It is characterized by stability in hard water and excellent lubrication and cooling properties in working with both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. This metalworking fluid is particularly useful for machining soft aluminum alloys. Additionally, the lanolin emulsion fluid, including any lubricating film that forms on the metal surface, generally remains water soluble throughout the metalworking operation and is therefore effective as a circulating lubricating coolant.

The metalworking fluids of the present invention are preferably mineral oil-free and therefore ecologically superior to conventional aqueous mineral oil metalworking compositions.

The present invention relates to lanolin emulsions for water-based metalworking fluids. Each composition contains lanolin as an essential ingredient;
Contains fatty acids: amines: and nonionic surfactants. Unless otherwise specified, all amounts herein are parts by weight.

Any commercial grade lanolin can be utilized in the emulsions and metalworking fluids of the present invention.

However, it is preferred to utilize a high purity grade of lanolin, such as anhydrous lanolin grade USP, which provides lubricity to the metalworking fluid. Generally, the greater the amount of lanolin present, the better its lubricity. At least 2 weight percent lanolin is typically required in the final prepared metalworking fluid to provide effective lubricity. On the other hand, excessive amounts of lanolin can cause gelling of the metalworking fluid.

Gels should generally be avoided because of the attendant problems of handling, pumping, and applying gel compositions in metalworking operations. Gel formation is typically not a problem in the metalworking fluids of the present invention when the lanolin concentration is less than about 13 weight percent.

Therefore, preferred lanolin metalworking fluids are those containing from about 3 to about 12 weight percent lanolin. More preferred lanolin emulsions are those containing about 5 to about 12 weight percent lanolin.

At least one nonionic surfactant is utilized in accordance with the present invention to solubilize lanolin. The surfactant also aids in the dispersion of other functional additives within the aqueous metalworking fluid. The nonionic surfactants used are hydrophilic and generally have an HL in the range of about 9 to about 20.
B (!It aqueous/lipophilic balance). For example, McCutchen (McCutchen)
Cutcheon's "Detergents and Emulsifiers"
gents and E+1ulsifiers)” North American version (North American E
dition) 1984, MC Publishing Co., Ltd.
blishing Corporation), McCutheon'5 Division
), Glen Rock, New Jersey, U.S.
, S.

A.), I would like to see more published works. This disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkylene oxide treated phenols, alcohols, esters, amines, amides, and mixtures thereof. Examples of such nonionic surfactants are oleic acid, stearic acid.

Sorbitan esters of isostearic, palmitic and lauric acids; mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids; polyethoxylated esters of tall oil, castor oil and lanolin; and mixtures thereof. Polyethoxylated fatty acid esters having at least about 7 ethoxy units, and mixtures thereof, are particularly useful surfactants in the present invention.

Examples of this latter group of nonionic surfactants include Borg-Warner Chem.
There is a PEGANATE brand surfactant available from Michels, Inc.

Since the nonionic surfactant is present to dissolve lanolin, its concentration in the lanolin emulsion is directly proportional to the concentration of lanolin. Generally, on a weight basis, at least about 1 part surfactant for every 5 parts lanolin is used. More non-ionic surfactant may be used to make the emulsion easier, but even with excessive amounts, no comparable gain is obtained.0 Lanolin Emulsions and Metalwork The concentration of surfactant in the service fluid typically ranges from about 0.25 to 2 parts by weight for each 3 parts of lanolin. A preferred surfactant concentration is about 0.3 to 1 part by weight.

The lanolin emulsions and metalworking fluids of the present invention also further enhance lubricity.

The metalworking fluid also contains at least one fatty acid to impart cleaning properties.

Suitable fatty acids include lanolin fatty acids, tall oil, stearic acid, oleic acid, recylic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, isostearic acid and mixtures thereof. Typically, commercially available fatty acids are sold with their major or major components listed. That is, commercial grade stearic acid actually contains some percentage of other fatty acids such as oleic acid, recylic acid, palmitic acid, isostearic acid, and lauric acid. Lanolin fatty acids, tall oils and mixtures thereof are preferred fatty acids.

Effective cleaning power typically requires at least about 2 weight percent fatty acids in the final prepared metalworking fluid. However, the combination of large amounts of lanolin and large amounts of fatty acids tends to result in unstable metalworking fluids. Generally, to avoid instability problems, the total amount of lanolin and fatty acids should be no more than about 2 weight percent of the final prepared metalworking fluid. Accordingly, from about 0.15 to about 12 parts of fatty acid per part of lanolin, by weight, can be used in the lanolin emulsion.

Preferred lanolin emulsions of the invention contain from about 0.15 to about 6 parts by weight of fatty acids for each part of lanolin. More preferred lanolin emulsions have a concentration of about 0.5 g/part lanolin.
Contains 5 to about 1 part fatty acids. ``At least one amine is used in the composition of the invention,
Produces fatty acid ingredients and amine soap. Amine soaps have some lubricity and are known to enhance the lubricating properties of metalworking fluids. Amine soaps also provide detergent properties to metalworking fluids to clean metal surfaces from metal chips and debris during metalworking operations. Alternatively, amine soaps can be used as separate components instead of adding the corresponding amine and fatty acid components.

Amines suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention can be primary, secondary, or tertiary and have boiling points high enough not to volatilize under the conditions for preparing the lanolin emulsion. It also contains fatty acids and produces soap.

Particularly useful amines are those known as corrosion inhibitors for metalworking fluids.

The use of an amount of amine corrosion inhibitor in excess of the fatty acid accomplishes the dual purpose of forming an amine fatty acid soap and providing corrosion inhibiting action.

Typical amine-type corrosion inhibitors include methylethanolamine, jetanolamine, triethanolamine, N
- Methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, ethylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, dimethylethanolamine, α- and γ-picoline, piperazene, isopropylaminoethanol and mixtures thereof. Preferred amines are isopropylaminoethanol, jetanolamine and mixtures thereof.

The amount of amine used must be sufficient to impart the desired acid number to the fatty acid component of the lanolin emulsion. Typically, 0.12 to 1.5 parts of amine are used per part of fatty acid on a weight basis. An excess amount of amine is preferred as it imparts corrosion inhibiting properties to the metalworking fluid.

The balance of this lanolin metalworking fluid and emulsion is water. Typically, water is not required to form the emulsifiable lanolin concentrate of the present invention.

Once formed, the lanolin emulsion can then be diluted with water to provide a metalworking fluid of suitable viscosity. The emulsifiable lanolin concentrate can also be diluted during manufacture to give an emulsion concentrate of a suitable viscosity for shipping and then further diluted at the intended use. Preferably, the emulsion concentrate contains about 40 to about 2 weight percent water. A metalworking fluid is easily made by adding and mixing water to this emulsion concentrate or emulsifiable concentrate. Typically, the emulsion concentrate to water ratio is from about 1:50 to about 1:50. Advantageously about 1=10 to about 1
=50 and preferably about 1=15 to about 1=25. The optimum dilution ratio depends on a variety of factors, such as the exact composition of the lanolin emulsion, the particular metal involved, the mode of metalworking operation, and the hard/softness of the water, but is well known in the art. easily determined by a person skilled in the art.

In addition to the above components, electrolytes, extreme pressure agents (extreme
e pressure agent), thickener 1 dispersant.

Antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, and other lubricants can be added to the lanolin emulsion or metalworking fluid.

Electrolytes of the emulsions and fluids of the invention. It has been discovered that the addition enhances the lubricity of this metalworking fluid. This was quite surprising since the presence of electrolytes has previously been shown to be a cause of instability in lanolin emulsions. Electrolytes can be present in the lanolin emulsions of the present invention in amounts of 1, typically up to about 2 weight percent. However, when electrolytes are present in amounts greater than about 2 weight percent, the lanolin emulsion tends to gel. Therefore, it is advantageous for the lanolin emulsion to contain about 1 to 2 weight percent electrolyte, preferably about 2 weight percent.

A suitable electrolyte source is sodium borate.

Magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium loquat, hard water, and mixtures thereof, and other salts.

In addition to the electrolytes added to the lanolin emulsion, the lanolin emulsion can be diluted with hard water to incorporate further electrolytes into the final prepared metalworking fluid. Hard water containing up to about 600 ppm of electrolyte can typically be used to make the metalworking fluid without causing appreciable separation of the lanolin emulsion.

An optional but preferred second aesthetic component of the lanolin emulsions and metalworking fluids of the present invention is a methyl or phosphate ester of a straight or branched hydrocarbon. The use of such compounds, especially when performing highly diluted
It has now been discovered that the lubricity of this metalworking fluid can be increased. For maximum lubricity, about 0.1 to about 0.5 parts of bindi are typically added to each part of lanolin.
ng) esters are suitable.

Suitable ester compounds include water-soluble methyl esters known as antiwear agents in metalworking fluids, such as ethoxylated C@C'JG aliphatic- or polyhydric alcohols and aliphatic acids and aliphatic dihydric alcohols. There are methyl esters with mer acids. Examples of methyl esters include Stepan (
There is a STEPAN C65 brand methyl ester available from the Stapan Company.

Suitable phosphate esters include those known as antiwear or extreme pressure agents in metalworking fluids. These phosphate esters are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,004,
No. 056 and No. 3.004,057, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The extreme pressure and antiwear agents that can be used in the lanolin emulsions and metalworking fluids of the present invention are those well known in the art to be useful for this purpose. Suitable agents in addition to the methyl and phosphoric esters mentioned above include water-soluble esters of ethoxylated C,C,s aliphatic-valent or polyalcohols with aliphatic acids and aliphatic dimeric acids.

Typical examples include ethoxylated oleic acid, ethoxylated stearic acid, ethoxylated balmitic acid, ethoxylated oleic dimer acid, esters of ethoxylated stearic dimer acid, and sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, and sorbitan monooleate. There are polyoxyethylene derivatives of stearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monoisostearate, and sorbitan monolaurate.

Other suitable antiwear agents include metal salts of acid phosphates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and acid thiophosphate hydroxycarbyl esters, including zinc di(alkyl)
or di(aryl)dithiophosphates are particularly preferred. Examples of wear-resistant agents include The Lubrizol Company (Th
e Lubrizol Corporation) sells Lubrizo/L/5604 (LUBRIZO
L 5604) and R,T, Vanderbilt Col!1pa
Moripan LB (HO
LYVAN LB).

The concentration of extreme pressure agent and antiwear agent in the final prepared metalworking fluid can range from about 0.05 to 6 weight percent.

As thickeners for the lanolin emulsions and metalworking fluids of the invention, all customary thickeners can generally be used. For example, the modified polyether polyols described as thickeners in U.S. Pat. No. 4,312,768,
Methane thickeners as described in US Pat. No. 4,426,485 and dimeric ester thickeners as disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,317,740 can be utilized in the compositions of the present invention. When used together with a urethane and a dimeric ester thickener, the lanolin emulsifier of the present invention and gold m, III
It is particularly useful because it provides superior rheology to industrial fluids.

Dispersants that can be used in the lanolin emulsions and metalworking fluids of the present invention are compounds well known in the art to be useful for this purpose. These compounds are useful for incorporating and dispersing oil-soluble, water-insoluble functional additives, such as anti-wear agents and extreme pressure agents, such as dithiophosphates, into water-based metalworking fluids. For example, the carboxylic acid solubilizer/surfactant combinations disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,368,133 and the
Dispersant Lubrizol 5603 sold by Lubrizol
can be used. The dispersant concentration is not critical, but is typically about 0.0% in the final prepared metalworking fluid.
Ranging from 1 to 5 weight percent.

Depending on the metal being worked, suitable corrosion inhibitors for use in the lanolin emulsions and metalworking fluids may include conventional ferrous and non-ferrous corrosion inhibitors known in the art. It is. The preferred iron corrosion inhibitors are boric acid and caprylic acid, which act primarily as chelating agents for iron and its alloys. The concentration of iron corrosion inhibitor in the present lanolin metalworking fluid is typically about 0.05
and about 10% by weight.

Non-ferrous corrosion inhibitors are mainly copper, aluminum, zinc,
used as metal deactivators to chelate and their alloys. Representative examples of these metal deactivators are benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, 2-
Mercaptobenzothiazole 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and N-N'-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine. Benzotriazole is the preferred non-ferrous corrosion inhibitor. The concentration of this non-ferrous corrosion inhibitor is not critical, but typically ranges from about 0.1 to 2% of the final prepared metalworking fluid.
over weight percent.

In addition to being present to make amine fatty acid soaps, as described above, amines can also be used in the compositions of the present invention as corrosion inhibitors. The concentration of amine as a corrosion inhibitor is not critical, but typically ranges from about 0.5 to 2 weight percent of the final prepared metalworking fluid.

Additionally, a biocide may be used to prevent the growth of microorganisms in this composition. Biocides are well known in the art and any effective biocide is available. Examples include 2-phenylphenol, 2-chlorophenol and 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-chlorophenol).
phenol derivatives such as triazines, hexahydro-1.3.5-triethyl-S-triazine and hexahydro-1.3.5-)-lis(2-hydroxy-
Formaldehyde releasing agents such as ethyl)-S-triazine; imidazoles such as 1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxoimidazole; 2-bromo-2-nitrobroban-1 ,3-
There are aliphatic derivatives such as diols; triazoles, and organic sulfur-nitrogen compounds such as 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-ozo. These and other suitable biocides are available from Tribology International (Tribo
International), December 1983, Vol. 16(6): pp. 328-330.

Preferred biocides are triazine and sodium omadine. The concentration of the biocide typically ranges from about 0.05 to 5 weight percent of the total weight of the final prepared metalworking fluid. .

The most preferred lanolin emulsions and metalworking fluids of the present invention do not contain any mineral oil.

However, in some formulations it may be desirable to use mineral oil to enhance lubricity. Synthetic lubricants can also be used to enhance lubricity.

Conventional techniques for making emulsions can be used to prepare the lanolin emulsions of the present invention. A preferred process is a hot melt process.

In the hot melt process used, all organic ingredients (lanolin, fatty acids, nonionic surfactants) are placed in a container and mixed under heating until a homogeneous mixture is formed. next.

Add the amine to the hot solution while mixing. Then, a heated solution of water and some inorganic antimicrobial agent is poured into this container while stirring to obtain a uniform emulsion. The lanolin emulsion is then cooled and further diluted with water as desired to create a lens metalworking fluid. Emulsifiable concentrates are prepared by a method similar to that for emulsions, except that water is not used.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention:
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications of this embodiment may be made in accordance with the principles of the invention, which should not be construed as limiting in any way.

Add to the mixing container, by weight, 5.0% lanolin, anhydrous USP grade; 3.0% amarate LFA (Ame
rlate LFA) 2); 1.2% (7) '<
jf*-t3).

Co-16 (Paganata C0-16)
v 5.0% Stepan C-65 (Stepan C-
65) 4); 1.5% Unitol D T-30 (Un
itol D T5).

-30), 5.0% jetanolamine; 6)
.

3.0% (7) WSCX-10, and 0.75% PaganataTo-9;
A lanolin emulsion was prepared. These ingredients were mixed while heating to 82°C (180'F) to obtain a homogeneous mixture. When the temperature reached 82℃,
1.5 percent by weight of morpholine was charged into this container, and a separate container was charged with 73.55 percent by weight deionized water and heated to 82°C.
0.1% Omadine 8) was charged into this solution.Then, this hot aqueous solution was heated to 82°C for the first time.
This combined mixture was heated to 38°C (
100"F) and charged with 0.4% Vancide TH (9) to create a lanolin emulsion useful as a metalworking fluid. For economic reasons, this emulsion was tap water
) was diluted in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:50 (emulsion:water) to obtain a metalworking fluid with excellent lubrication and cooling properties.

Other exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in Table 1. Ingredients in these examples are given in weight percent. All of these examples were prepared using substantially similar techniques as described in Example 1.

1) Lanolin, anhydrous USP grade, is available from Rita Corporation (R
It is sold by ITA Corporation.

2) Amarate LPA is manufactured by Amarcor Co., Ltd. (Ame
It is a lanolin fatty acid sold by Rchol Corp.).

3) Peganate C0-16 is available from Borg-Warner Chemical.

It is an ethoxylated castor oil sold by Inc.).

4) Stepan C65 is manufactured by Stepan Co., Ltd.
Methyl palmitate-oleate, sold by O.O.

5) Unitor DT-30 is manufactured by Union-Camp Co., Ltd. (
Union-Camp Corp.) is a tall oil fatty acid sold by Union-Camp Corp.

6) WSC-XIO is manufactured by Western Springs Company (W
is an amine corrosion inhibitor sold by Ester Springs Corp.).

7) Peganate To-9 is polyoxyethylene (9) monotolate sold by Borg Warner Chemicals.

8) Omargin is 1-hydroxy-pyridine-2-thione.

9) Panside TH is hexahydro-1°3.5-
It is triethyl-5-triazine.

10) Peganate T○-75 is an ethoxylated castor oil sold by Borg Warner Chemicals.

11) Antara LP 700
700) is manufactured by GAF, Corp.
It is a phosphate ester alcohol sold by Oration.

, 12) OA-950 is manufactured by Witco Chemical Co., Ltd.
It is a chlorinated fatty acid commercially available from Co Chemical Corp.

The compositions of the above examples are completely finished lanolin emulsions that can be used as metalworking fluids, but typically from about 1 to about 50% lanolin per part of emulsion for economical purposes.
Dilute with 0 parts by weight of water. As noted above, the lanolin concentrate is prepared as described above, except without the use of water, and is mixed with water at the point of use to form the final metalworking fluid.

The lubrication ability of the metalworking fluid of Example 1 was measured using a Falex lubrication tester with a 7075T-6 aluminum pin and V-block. This test is based on the ``Falex P method for evaluating lubricants'' by Faville et al.
rocedures for Evaluating L
ASLE, 23rd ASLE
It was performed according to the method outlined in the Annual Meeting (May 1968).

The metalworking fluid of Example 1 was tested at a 1:20 dilution with water. The coefficient of friction is 90 g (200
450g (1000pou pound) spacing
nd) and direct jaw loads between 1260 g (2800 pounds). The average coefficient of friction over this range is shown in Table 2.

Example 1 1:20 0.05868 Fudujing-
7075P-6 aluminum nut blank
blank) sample and 1.609382±O, OO
O38c+a (0,33615±0.00015 i
No. 8 Falex Ta Torque Tester (No. 8 Falex Ta) with specifications of (75% thread)
Example 1 using pTorque Ta5ter)
The cutting ability of metalworking fluids was measured. This testing machine is based on the statistical evaluation of the 1' Farex tapping torque tester by Veer et al.
ical Evaluation of the Fa
lex Tap-ping Torque Te5te
r)”, Lubrication Engineering (Lub
(Engineer-ing)198
The operation was carried out at the speeds and feeds outlined in September 2005.

The metalworking fluid of Example 1 was tested as formulated and diluted from 1:10 to 1:50 with water.

Three measurements were performed for each sample. The average values in Newton-meters are shown in Table 3.

1-1-Human Torque Value Metalworking Fluid Dilution Newton E and Ninonini J Example 1 None 4.2 Example 1 1:10 4.8 Example 1 1
:20 7.22 Example 1 1 :30
8.59 Example 1 1:40
9.12 Example 1 1:50 9.6
5 of Example 1 1:10 4.63 Nu JLLu To demonstrate the hard water stability of the metalworking fluid of the present invention, 5 mQ of the metalworking fluid of Example 1 was mixed with 95 mQ of water containing various levels of electrolyte. Diluted. This diluted water is prepared using the Association of Analytical Chemists method for preparing synthetic hard water.
Ia-tion of Analytical
Chgmists' Method )4.027 (
(1980). The diluted metalworking fluid was vigorously shaken in a 100 mQ graduated cylinder, and the turbidity of the fluid was visually evaluated immediately after shaking and after standing for 24 hours. The results of this test are shown in Table 4.

1-I want to evaluate the hardness and turbidity of the water in the soil.''11-I Doshin Hadaju 350
Q 3450 2
1 loss with 3.5U rating: O = none 1 = very little 2 = only 3 = slightly - moderate 4 = moderate 5 = moderate - well 6 = fully

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A lanolin emulsion for a water-based metalworking fluid, characterized in that it contains water; lanolin; a fatty acid; an amine; and a nonionic surfactant. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of lanolin fatty acids, tall oil and mixtures thereof. 3. Claim 1, characterized in that the amine is selected from the group consisting of isopropylaminoethanol, diethanolamine and mixtures thereof.
The composition according to item 1 or item 2. 4. The composition of claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the nonionic surfactant is present in an amount of about 0.25 to about 2 parts by weight. 5. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fatty acid is present in an amount of about 0.15 to about 6 parts by weight. 6. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amine is present in an amount of about 0.12 to about 1.5 parts per part of fatty acid. 7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an electrolyte. 8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a bonded ester. 9. A lanolin-containing emulsifiable concentrate for water-based metalworking fluids, characterized in that it comprises: lanolin; a fatty acid; an amine; and a nonionic surfactant. 10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the nonionic surfactant has an HLB value of about 9 to about 20. 11. The nonionic surfactant is alkylene oxide-treated phenols, alcohols, esters,
11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of amines, amides, fatty acids, and mixtures thereof. 12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the nonionic surfactant is a polyethoxylated fatty acid ester having at least 7 ethoxy units. 13. The composition of any of claims 9-12, wherein lanolin is present in an amount of about 3 to about 12 weight percent. 14. The composition of any of claims 9-13, wherein lanolin is present in an amount of about 5 to about 12 weight percent. 15. The composition according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the water is hard water containing about 600 ppm or less of electrolyte. 16. water; lanolin; fatty acids; amines; nonionic surfactants; and electrolytes present in sufficient amounts to enhance the lubricating properties of the metalworking fluid formed by aqueous dilution of the lanolin emulsion. A lanolin emulsion as a water-based metalworking fluid characterized by: 17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the electrolyte is present in an amount of about 1 to about 4 weight percent. 18. The composition of claim 16 or 17, wherein the electrolyte is present in an amount of about 1 to about 2 weight percent. 19. During a metalworking operation characterized by contacting the metal with a lubricating and cooling effective amount of a lanolin emulsion comprising water, lanolin, a fatty acid, an amine, and a nonionic surfactant. methods of lubricating and cooling metals. 20 (a) the fatty acid is a lanolin fatty acid, tall oil, or a mixture thereof; (b) the nonionic surfactant is an alkylene oxide-treated phenol, alcohol, ester, amine amide, fatty acid, or a mixture thereof; and (c) 20. Process according to claim 19, characterized in that the amine is isopropylaminoethanol, diethanolamine or a mixture thereof. 21 (a) the surfactant is a polyethoxylated fatty acid ester having at least and about 7 ethoxy units; and (b) the lanolin emulsion contains an effective amount of an electrolyte to enhance lubrication. Claim 19 or 20 characterized in
The method described in section. 22. A method according to claim 19, 20 or 21, characterized in that the emulsion contains an amount of electrolyte effective to enhance the effective lubricating action. 23. Lanolin 6.0% Ethoxylated castor oil 2.0% Lanolin fatty acids 2.0% Tall oil fatty acids 1.5% Diethanolamine 4.0% Sodium borate 2.0% Methyl palmitate-oleate 5. 0% Amine Corrosion Inhibitor 2.5% Hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-5-triazine 0.4% Na1-hydroxy-pyridine-2-thione (40%) 0.1% Deionized Water 74.5 A lanolin emulsion characterized by containing %.