JPS61254204A - Apparatus for separating liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a liquid separation apparatus excellent in heat resistance and chemical resistance, generating no stagnation of a liquid, reduced in pressure loss and low in power cost, by laminating a large number of porous ceramic flat plates, raw solution side spacers and transmitted solution side spacers to integrate all of them. CONSTITUTION:A large number of porous ceramic flat plates 1 each comprising a sintered body of fine ceramic particles, raw solution side spacers 2 and transmitted solution side spacers 3 are laminated between a fixed side end plate 4 and the movable side end plate 6 pressurized by a clamping cylinder 5 in such a state that each spacer 2 is positioned so as to be contacted with one side surface of each flat plate 1 and each spacer 3 is positioned so as to be contacted with the other side surface thereof and integrated under pressure. The raw solution from a raw solution supply header 19 is supplied to be flowed in the raw solution supply spaces 10 of the raw solution side spacers 2 through piercing holes 11 and raw solution supply holes 7 and a part thereof is filtered by the flat plates 1 and only the filtrate enters the transmitted solution discharge spaces 14 of the transmitted solution side spacers 3 to be discharged from lower transmitted solution drain means 15. The remainder of the raw solution enters the adjacent unit through the raw solution outflow holes 8 or the flat plates 1, through-holes 12 and the outflow holes 8 of the flat plates 1, through-holes 12 and the communication holes 18 of intermediate plates 17 to be filtered in the same way.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a liquid separation device that performs ultrafiltration or precision filtration of various liquids using a semi-permeable ceramic plate.

(Prior art) Conventionally, in order to perform ultrafiltration or precision filtration of liquids in the fields of food, medicine, chemistry, etc., membrane modules such as polymer membranes and tubular modules such as porous metal tubes and ceramic tubes have been used. A liquid separation device using a filter as a filter is used. However, for example,
Conventional liquid separation devices using polymer membranes, such as those shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-35552, have poor heat resistance, chemical resistance, acid resistance, and alkali resistance due to the characteristics of polymers. The disadvantage is that the membrane is easily damaged by being eroded by microorganisms or scraped by particles in the liquid.
In some cases, it could not be used in fields such as food and medicine that require steam sterilization. In addition, among those using tubular modules, in the external pressure type that supplies the stock solution from the outside as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-30305, the liquid does not flow uniformly, so the effective filtration area may decrease during use. The drawback is that it may cause microbial contamination, and on the other hand, internal pressure types that supply the stock solution from the inside require a large flow rate of stock solution to maintain membrane performance, resulting in high power costs, and depending on the inner diameter of the tube. There was a drawback that the specified effective filtration area could not be set large.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) The present invention solves these conventional problems and improves heat resistance,
It was developed for the purpose of being a liquid separation device that has excellent chemical resistance, no growth of microorganisms due to liquid stagnation, no reduction in effective filtration area, low pressure loss, and low power costs.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention includes a porous ceramic flat plate having a stock solution supply hole and a stock solution outflow hole, a stock solution side spacer located on one side of the ceramic plate, and a spacer on the opposite side of the ceramic plate. a permeate-side spacer located on the side surface and equipped with a permeate discharge means;
It is characterized by having multiple layers laminated and integrated.

(Example) Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to illustrated examples.
In the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, (1) is a homogeneous porous body made of a sintered body of ceramic fine particles with an average pore diameter of 10 to 2 μm and a thickness of 0.5 to 5 fins. Ceramic flat plate of alumina type, zirconia type, etc., (2) is a stock solution side spacer located on the negative side of the ceramic flat plate (1), (3) is a permeated liquid side spacer located on the opposite side of the ceramic flat plate (fl) A large number of these three types of plates are stacked between the end plate (4) on the fixed side and the end plate (6) on the movable side which is pressurized by the tightening cylinder (5). It is integrated. As shown in FIG. 2, the ceramic flat plate (11) has a stock solution supply hole (7) near its lower end, and a stock solution outflow hole (8) near its top end.

The number of these stock solution supply holes (7) and stock solution outflow holes (8) may be one or more, and the shape thereof may be any shape such as circular or oval. Further, it is preferable that the surrounding area is sealed with an inorganic material or the like to prevent liquid from seeping in. The stock solution side spacer (2) is made of a material with sealing properties such as rubber such as natural rubber, butyl rubber, or urethane rubber, or synthetic resin such as Teflon, polyethylene, or polypropylene. A rib (9) extending in a direction from the stock solution supply hole (7) to the stock solution outflow hole (8),
The rib (9) and peripheral side surface of the ceramic flat plate (1)
A space (10) for supplying the stock solution is formed on one side of the ceramic flat plate (11) by being brought into close contact with the side surface.On the other hand, the permeate side spacer (3) is also made of rubber, synthetic resin, etc. similar to the stock solution side spacer (2). It is made of a sealing material such as, and near its lower end is provided with a through hole (11) that communicates with the stock solution supply hole (η) of the ceramic flat plate 11 described above, and near its upper end is a stock solution outflow hole (11). The permeated liquid side spacer (3) is provided with a rib (13) in the center thereof for receiving the biased pressure acting on the ceramic flat plate (11). (1) is provided with a vibrator-shaped permeate discharge means (15) for discharging downward the permeate that has flowed into the permeate discharge space (14) formed between the rib (9) and the rib (9). and ribs (13)
Although the direction of the ribs (13) is arbitrary, when the ribs (13) are horizontally ribbed as shown, each rib (13) is also provided with a through hole (16) for discharging the permeated liquid. Note (17)
is an impermeable intermediate plate provided with a communication hole (18) that communicates only with the through hole (12) of the permeated liquid side spacer (3), and the undiluted liquid side spacer (2) is )
A large number of units consisting of a ceramic flat plate (1) and a permeated liquid side spacer (3) are stacked.

The liquid separator of the first embodiment described above can be used by supplying the undiluted liquid to be filtered from the undiluted liquid supply header (19) of one end plate (6) at a pressure of about 1 to 10 kg/-. flows through the through hole (11) and the stock solution supply hole (7) into the stock solution supply space (10) of the stock solution side spacer (2) located on the negative side of the ceramic plate (1), and a part of it is porous. Only the permeated liquid is filtered by the ceramic flat plate (1) of the permeate discharge space (
14) and is discharged downward from the permeate discharge means (15) located below. As shown in the figure, the stock solution side spacer (2) is provided with ceramic flat plates fi+ on both sides, so that this filtration action is performed simultaneously by the two ceramic flat plates (1). In addition, the remaining part of the undiluted solution is stored in the undiluted solution outflow hole (8) of the ceramic flat plate ill, the through hole (12), and the intermediate plate (1).
7) enters the adjacent unit through the communication hole (18),
In the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in which filtration is performed in the same way, the ceramic flat plate (11) and the stock solution side spacer (2) are the same as in the first embodiment, but the permeated liquid is The side space (3) is a flat plate made of a porous material such as fiber or asbestos.In the first embodiment, the permeate flowing into the permeate discharge space (14) is drained into a pipe-shaped pipe. While the permeate is discharged to the outside from the permeate discharge means (15), in this embodiment the permeate is discharged from the porous permeate side spacer (3).
) and drips downward from its lower end.

For this purpose, the lower end of the permeate side spacer (3) is extended downward longer than the ceramic flat plate (11, etc.) as shown in the figure, so that this part acts as a permeate liquid discharge means (15). The surroundings of the through holes (11) and (12) provided in the permeated liquid side spacer (3) are sealed with a sealing material (20) to prevent the stock liquid flowing inside them from mixing with the permeated liquid. In the above example, the ceramic flat plate (1) was a homogeneous single layer made of a sintered body of ceramic fine particles, but the ceramic plate (1) had an average pore diameter of 0.2 to 20 μm and a thickness of 1 to 5 μm. The center layer is made of a sintered body of Tsuru ceramic particles, and the average pore diameter is 10 ~
It may also be of a multi-layer type, comprising a surface layer of 2 μm and a sintered body of ceramic fine particles having a thickness of 1 μm % In.

In addition, the stock solution side spacer (2) and the permeate side spacer (3)
may be glued to the side surface of the ceramic flat plate (1), or may be integrally formed on the surface of the ceramic flat plate (11) by lining or coating. Instead of providing an undiluted solution supply hole (7) and an undiluted solution outflow hole (8), a ceramic flat plate (11) surrounded by a frame (21) made of synthetic resin, rubber, metal, etc. as shown in Fig. 5 is used. The frame body (21) may be provided with a stock solution supply hole (7) and a stock solution outflow hole (8).

(Function) The device configured in this way is a porous ceramic flat plate (
As mentioned above, 1) is used to perform ultrafiltration or precision filtration of the stock solution as a filter, but unlike those using conventional polymer membranes, it has excellent heat resistance and is therefore used in high-temperature reaction systems. It can also be used in the food industry and pharmaceutical industry because it can also be steam sterilized at 120 to 130°C. Furthermore, the ceramic flat plate (1) has the advantage of being excellent in chemical resistance to organic solvents, acid and alkali resistance, and microbial resistance, and it is also easy to recover from clogging by cleaning and can exhibit stable functionality for a long period of time. . Further, in the liquid separation device of the present invention, the stock solution is supplied to the entire surface of the ceramic flat plate (11) and filtered by the stock solution side spacer (2), and the permeate is placed on the opposite side surface of the permeate side spacer (3). Because it flows into the tube, it does not cause uneven flow unlike the external pressure type tubular module, and it is possible to always maintain a wide effective filtration area.Therefore, there is no stagnation of liquid, and the flow rate of the raw liquid can be reduced relative to the permeation flow rate, so the internal pressure type The power cost is significantly lower than that of a tubular module.Since the ceramic flat plate (1) is a fired product, there will inevitably be some variation in wall thickness, so it is necessary to stack a large number of plates and tighten them. There is a risk of cracking due to uneven pressure when strongly tightened with the cylinder (5), but in the present invention, spacers on the undiluted solution side (2) and spacers on the permeate side (3) are provided on both sides of the ceramic flat plate (1). In addition to absorbing the thickness error of the ceramic flat plate (11), ribs (9) and (13) are provided on the stock solution side spacer (2) and the permeate side spacer 4 (3) as in the example. If you keep these ribs (
9) and (13) are also in contact with the central part of the ceramic flat plate (1) to evenly distribute the tightening pressure.
1 can be prevented from breaking.

(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, the present invention has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, etc. compared to those using polymer membrane modules, and also has an external pressure type tubular shape. Compared to those using modules, there is no reduction in the effective filtration area and no proliferation of microorganisms due to liquid stagnation, and the ratio of flow rate used for filtration to unit flow rate is lower compared to those using internal pressure type tubular modules. Since this is high, the flow rate of the stock solution can be reduced and the power cost can be reduced. Therefore, the present invention eliminates the problems of conventional liquid separators and greatly contributes to the development of industry.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view thereof, Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view thereof. FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a ceramic flat plate according to a third embodiment of the present invention. (1): Ceramic flat plate, (2): Stock solution side spacer, (
3): Permeate side spacer, (7): Stock solution supply hole, (8)
; Stock solution outflow hole, (9): Rib, (11), (1,2):
Through hole (13): Rib (15): Permeated liquid discharge means.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A porous ceramic flat plate (1) equipped with a stock solution supply hole (7) and a stock solution outflow hole (8);
), and a permeate side spacer (3) located on the opposite side of the ceramic plate (1) and provided with a permeate discharge means (15). A liquid separation device characterized by being integrated by laminating layers. 2. The liquid according to claim 1, wherein the stock solution supply hole (7) is provided at one end of the ceramic flat plate (1), and the stock solution outflow hole (8) is provided at the opposite end. Separation device. 3. According to claim 1 or 2, either one or both of the undiluted liquid side spacer (2) and the permeated liquid side spacer (3) are provided with ribs (9) and (13). Liquid separation equipment. 4. The permeate side spacer (3) is provided with through holes (11) and (12) communicating with the stock solution supply hole (7) and stock solution outflow hole (8) of the ceramic flat plate (1). A liquid separation device according to scope 1, 2, or 3. 5.Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, wherein the ceramic flat plate (1) consists of a central layer with a relatively large average pore diameter and a surface layer with a relatively small average pore diameter. Liquid separation device as described in section.