JPS61252001A - Spherical surface machining device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide make precise for machining a spherical surface on the internal peripheral face of a work by adopting a simple constitution such that while a machine tool is rotated, a machine tip is swung. CONSTITUTION:In a rotary machine tool 41, a swingable piece 46 is equipped swingably on its forward section, by a fitting pin 46, and a machining tip 42 is equipped removably on its head section. The machining tip 42 is swung by a swingable piece 47 through a link 52 by the fact that an operating rod 43 is displaced in the X axis direction. A locus alpha of the tip 42 resulted from the swing is always constant corresponding to a swinging radius r, however, a locus beta resulted from rotations is changed in accordance with the swinging position of the tip 42. Therefore, a locus obtained by swinging the swingable piece 47 while rotating the machine tool 41, becomes a sphere with the radius r whereby a spherical surface machining of a work W is accomplished.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a spherical processing machine for processing the inner peripheral surface of a work into a spherical shape.

(Prior art) A conventional spherical processing machine that processes the inner circumferential surface of a workpiece into a spherical shape always uses a processing tool equipped with a processing chip that will be the processing part,
Processing was performed while controlling the position so that the positional relationship between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction satisfied a predetermined correspondence relationship.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, with the above-mentioned conventional method, the control system for bringing the processing tool (the processing chip) to a predetermined position is extremely complicated, and the processing tool does not have to make complex movements. As a result, the overall size was large and expensive.

In addition to this, due to the fact that the processing tool is required to perform complicated th work,
The machining accuracy was also not fully satisfactory.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a spherical processing machine that can process the inner circumferential surface of a workpiece into a spherical surface with high precision using an extremely simple configuration without making complicated movements of processing tools compared to conventional machines. Our goal is to provide the following.

(Means and operations for solving the problem) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the present invention, basically, the processing tool only rotates, but the processing tool is also designed to be able to swing. By attaching a machining tip, it is possible to machine a desired spherical surface simply by rotating the machining tool and swinging the machining tip. Specifically, in a processing machine that processes the inner circumferential surface of a work into a spherical surface, the following components are provided: a rotary processing tool rotatably held by a support member; a processing chip swingably attached to the rotary processing tool; an operating member inserted so as to be freely displaceable along the axial direction directly in the direction of rotary processing and swinging the machining tip in accordance with the stroke displacement; and an operating member disposed movably in the axial direction near the rotary processing tool. a moving table connected to the operating member; a drive means for moving the moving table; a gear transmission means rotatably supported by the moving table and meshing with a gear attached to the rotary processing tool; A power supply means for supplying power to the gear type transmission means.

With this configuration, by moving the moving table, the processing chip is oscillated via the operating member, and by rotating the rotary processing tool via the gear type transmission means, the processing chip is The trajectory of the ball will be drawn around the radius of oscillation. Therefore, by positioning the swing center of the processing chip at the spherical center of the spherical surface to be machined on the inner circumference of the workpiece, the inner circumference of the workpiece will be automatically machined into a spherical surface.

(Example) Examples of the present invention will be described below based on the attached drawings.

In FIGS. 1 to 3, first, an overview of the entire system will be explained. A base 1 is fixedly installed on a floor surface F, and a table 2 is installed on this base 1. This table 2 is movable in the left-right direction in FIG. 1 (X-axis direction in FIG. 1) using a guide 3 provided on the base 1 as a guide, and is driven by a servo motor 4 provided on the base 1. It looks like this.

The table 2 has a plurality of sets (two sets in the embodiment) of processing units) A, A', and also the processing units A, A'.
A common unit B for operating processing units located at predetermined positions (working positions to be described later) is installed. That is, the table 2 holds a turret 5 on which two sets of machining units) A and A' are installed, and this turret 5 is centered on the ω vehicle having an inclination angle of 45'' with respect to the X axis. The reprocessing units A and A' are rotatably held with respect to the table 2.
When one of them is located on the X-axis, the other is located on the Y-axis that is perpendicular to the The processing unit A (A') located at is positioned on the X-axis, which is one working position s2.

The three axes X, Y, and ω mentioned above are perpendicular to each other within the same plane, and their intersection point is indicated as 0. In the explanation below, the direction along the X axis to the left in Figure 1 The direction will be explained by setting the direction such that the movement is forward movement, and the movement upward in FIG. 1 is upward movement according to the Y axis.

A workpiece holding table 6 is installed on the base l in the forward direction from the intersection point 0. As shown in FIG. 2, the workpiece holding table 6 has a shape that surrounds the X-axis, and the center (on the X-axis) of the workpiece W (differential gear case in the embodiment) to be machined into a spherical surface ( The work W is held so that the center of the ball is positioned. That is, the workpiece holding table 6 includes a pedestal 7 that supports the workpiece W from below, three cylinder devices 8 and 9 that press and support the workpiece W placed on the pedestal 7 from above and in the left and right directions; It is equipped with IO. Note that the workpiece W has an almost spherical inner circumferential surface formed by casting in advance, and the spherical processing machine according to the present invention is used to precisely finish the inner circumferential surface of the workpiece W to desired dimensions. It has become.

Now, next, the aforementioned turret 5, processing units A, A'
, common unit) B will be sequentially explained with reference to FIG. 4 and also to FIGS. 5 to 7.

Turret 5 First, as shown in FIG.
It has an annular support part 12 having an inclined surface perpendicular to the ω-axis on the intersection point O side, and a plurality of legs 13 that connect the solid shaft part 11 and the support part 12 in series. Also, turret 5
The central rotating part 21 is rotatably fitted to the solid shaft part 11 and slidably along the ω axis, an annular flange part 22 opposite to the supporting part 12, and this central rotating part A processing unit that connects the part 21 and the flange part 22) A, A
'It has a mounting part 23 for mounting.

A large-diameter piston portion 14 is formed in the solid shaft portion 11, and the piston portion 14 allows two oil chambers C1 defined in the ω-axis direction to be formed in the central rotating portion 21 of the turret 5.
, c2 are formed. As a result, when pressure oil is supplied from the oil passage P2 to the oil chamber C2, the turret 5 as a whole
along the ω axis, away from the intersection 0, and the oil path P
1 to the oil chamber C1, the turret 5 is conversely moved toward the intersection 0 side. In addition.

For the turret 5, a spring 2 provided on the piston portion 14
4. The biasing force from the turret 5 constantly acts as an external force toward the intersection O via the pressing piece 25 and the thrust bearing 26, thereby preventing the turret 5 from wobbling in the ω-axis direction.

On the other hand, locking teeth 12a, 22a are formed at the same pitch over the entire circumference on opposing surfaces of the supporting part 12 of the table 2 and the flange part 22 of the turret 5, so that the turret 5 is mounted on the supporting part 12. Seated and locking teeth 12a and 22
When the turret 5 is engaged with the turret 5, rotation of the turret 5 is disabled (locked), and conversely, when the turret 5 is disengaged, the turret 5 is allowed to rotate (unlocked).

A lock tooth 1 is provided at the bottom of the flange portion 22 of the turret 5.
A ring gear 27 centered on the ω-axis is fixed by a bolt 28 at a position where it does not interfere with 2a (22a). A gear 29 is meshed with this ring gear 28,
Motor 30 and rotating shaft 31 respectively saved in table 2
．． 32 is used to rotate the gear 29. That is, the rotational driving force of the motor 30 is transmitted from the rotating shaft 31 to the rotating shaft 32 extending parallel to the ω-axis via a pair of bevel gears 33 and 34.
The signal is transmitted to a gear 29, that is, a ring 29 attached to the ring 29. In addition, this ring gear 27 and gear 29
The width of engagement with the lock teeth 12a and 22a is made larger than the stroke required for locking and unlocking the lock teeth 12a and 22a, that is, the amount of displacement of the turret 5 along the ω axis.

Machining Units A and A' Machining Units A and A' have substantially the same configuration, so the description will be given of the machining unit A located on the X-axis, that is, at the working position S2 in FIG.

Processing unit) A basically consists of a rotary processing tool 41, a processing tip 42 attached to the front end of the rotary processing tool 4 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and an operating rod as an operating member. It is equipped with 43 and.

In the working position S2, the rotary processing tool 41 is positioned coaxially with the
5, it is supported so as to be rotatable and non-displaceable in the X-axis direction. This rotary processing tool 41 passes through a case 44, and a swinging piece 47 is swingably attached to the front end of the rotating tool 41 with a mounting pin 46, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. A processing tip 42 is detachably attached to the tip of the swinging piece by a bolt (not shown).

That is, a mounting space 48 penetrating in the radial direction is formed in the front end of the rotary processing tool 41, and a swing piece 47 positioned in this mounting space 48 is attached to a mounting pin extending in the radial direction of the rotary processing tool 41. 46. Therefore, the machining tip 42 swings around the axis of the rotary machining tool 41, that is, the X-axis, within a plane that includes the X-axis.

Among the trajectories of the machining chip 42, those accompanying the swinging are shown in FIG. 5 α, and those accompanying the rotation of the rotary processing tool 41 are shown in
This is shown in Figure β. Of these two trajectories α and β, the trajectory α accompanying the swing is always constant corresponding to the swing radius r of the machining tip 42, but the trajectory β accompanying the rotation of the rotary processing tool 41 is It changes depending on the swing position. That is, the locus obtained when the rotary processing tool 41 is rotated and the swinging piece 47 is oscillated (the composite trajectory of α and β) has a spherical shape whose radius is the oscillation radius r of the processing chip 42. . In order to rotate the rotary processing tool 41, a gear 49 serving as a rotation input section, which will be described later, is attached to the rear end of the rotary processing tool 41.

The operating rod 43 has its front end located in the mounting space 48.
The front end of the operating rod 43 and the swinging piece 47
are connected via a link 50. That is,
One end of the link 50 connects to the operating rod 43 via the pin 51.
The other end of the link 50 is rotatably connected by a pin 52 at a position eccentric to the pin 46 . Further, the rear end portion of the operating rod 43 extends to the rear of the one-turn machining tool 41, and a small-diameter engagement portion 5-3 is formed there. Note that, as will be described later, this engaging portion 53 serves as an external force input portion for displacement in the X-axis direction, and when the operating rod 43 is displaced in the X-axis direction, the oscillating piece 47, that is, the processing chip 42 is swung as described above.

Of course, the swing radius r of the machining tip 42 is larger than the radius of the machining tool 41 that rotates once, but in the embodiment, the operating rod 43 is always urged backward by the spring 54, and the operating rod 43 is This is to prevent the machining tip 42 from protruding beyond the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion of the rotary machining tool 41 unless other external forces are applied.

Note that the reprocessing units A and A' have different swing radii r of the machining tip 42, and perform spherical machining with different radii depending on the type of workpiece W. , have the same configuration.

As shown in FIG.
), and an engaging member 75 that removably engages the moving table 61 and the aforementioned operating rod 43.

The movable table 61 is located near the processing unit (A in the drawing) in the working position, and is movable in the X-axis direction using a guide 15 formed on the table 2 as a guide. A screwing case 62 having a female threaded portion is fixed to the moving table 61, and a threaded rod 63 having a male threaded portion 63 screwed into the screwing case 62 is connected to a servo motor 64 (Figs. 1 and 3). By rotating the movable table 61 in the forward and reverse directions (see ), the movable table 61 is moved in the X-axis direction, that is, it is moved back and forth. The threaded rod 63 is rotatably supported by the table 2 via a bearing 65 but not displaceable in the axial direction, and the rotational force from the servo motor 64 is transmitted via a joint 66. There is.

A rotary shaft 68 is rotatably held in the movable table 61 via a bearing 67. The rotating shaft 68 extends in the X-axis direction through the movable table 61, and a gear 69 fixed to the front end thereof is meshed with the gear 49 of the rotary processing tool 41. The meshing width of both gears 49 and 69 is increased, and as will be described later, the meshing relationship is ensured with respect to the displacement of the movable table 61 necessary for spherical surface machining, while the machining units A and A' This meshing is disengaged in response to a large backward movement of the movable table 61 when exchanging positions with the movable table 61.

Further, the rear end of the rotating shaft 68 is formed into a spline 70, and the front end of an intermediate shaft 71 is spline-fitted into the spline 70. The intermediate shaft 71 is supported by the table 2 via a bearing 72 so as to be rotatable and non-displaceable in the axial direction, and a pulley 73 is attached to the rear end thereof.

This pulley 73 is linked via a timing belt 74 to a servo motor with a brake, which serves as power supply means (not shown). As a result, the rotational force from this motor is applied to the timing belt 74, pulley 73, and intermediate shaft 7.
1. It is transmitted to the gear 69 via the rotating shaft 68, and this gear 6
9 to the rotary processing tool 41 via the gear 49. In this way, the rotating shaft 68 held by the moving table 61 and the gear 69 constitute a gear type transmission means.

An engagement member 75 is provided on the upper surface of the movable table 61. As shown in FIG. 7, this engaging member 75 includes a pair of left and right engaging claw pieces 76, 77, and a bottle bolt 78, respectively.
79, it is held swingably relative to the movable table 61. The pair of engagement claw pieces 76.77 are positioned under the immediate force of the operating rod 43 at the working position S2 (A'), and the pair of engagement claw pieces 76.
It is adapted to be engaged with the engaging portion 53 of the operating rod 43 by claw portions 76a and 77a formed at the front end portion of the operating rod 77. That is, when the claws 76a and 77a are expanded apart from each other by the spring 80, the engagement claw pieces 76, 77 and the engagement portion 53 (operating rod 43)
It is in a disengaged state where the connection with the terminal is severed. Conversely, when the spring 80 is compressed and closed, the pair of claws 76a and 77a grip the engaging portion 53, and the locking claw piece 76
．． 77, that is, the movable table 61 is integrally connected to the operating rod 43 in the X-axis direction.

The expansion/contraction (locking, disengaging) of the locking claw pieces 76 and 77 is as follows:
This is done by advancing or retracting the retaining rod 81 between the rear ends of the locking claws 76, 77.

That is, the retaining rod 81 is connected to the pair of engaging claw pieces 76.
When it advances between the rear ends of 77, it is in the engaged state as described above, and when it leaves, it is in the disengaged state. This engagement rod 81 is constituted by a piston rod of a cylinder device 82 fixed to the movable table 61. This cylinder device 82 includes an engagement rod 81 as a piston rod.
It has two oil chambers C3 and C4 defined by a piston portion 733 integral with the oil chamber C3, and when pressurized oil is supplied to the oil chamber C3 from the oil passage P3, the engagement rod 81 is advanced. Conversely, when pressure oil is supplied to the oil chamber C4 from the oil passage P4, the engagement rod 81 is withdrawn.

Here, in order to avoid interference between the gears 49 and 69 when exchanging the positions of A and A', the following configuration is adopted. First, a locking recess 41 is formed at a predetermined position on the outer periphery of the rotary processing tool 41 that rotates integrally with the gear 49.
A cylinder device 85 is formed and attached to the case 44.
A piston rod 86 is capable of moving forward and backward into the locking recess 41a. As a result, the piston rod 8
6 advances into the locking recess 41a, the rotary processing tool, that is, the gear 49, is locked at a predetermined rotational position.

On the i side, for the gear 69 that meshes with the gear 49, a sensor for detecting a predetermined rotational position, such as a magnetic sensor (as shown)
is provided so that when the gear 69 reaches a predetermined rotational position, the motor that rotationally drives the gear 69 stops, that is, the power transmission system from the motor to the gear 69 is locked.

As a result of the above, the locked gear 69 is moved forward,
When engaging the locked gear 49, both gears 4
9 and 69 are smoothly engaged without interference.

Of course, the gear 69 of machining 22) A' (A) in the standby position S1 is locked as described above.
After this processing unit A' (A) comes to the working position S2 and both gears 49 and 69 are engaged, both gears 49°6
9 will be unlocked.

Next, the operation of the configuration as described above will be explained. First of all,
The state shown in FIG. 3 is that the processing unit A is in the working position S2, the gears 49 and 69 are engaged (both are unlocked), and the operating rod 43 is connected to the engaging member 75, that is, the moving table 61. do. In this state, the table 2
By moving forward, the mounting pin 46, which is the center of swing of the processing chip 42, is set at the spherical center position of the workpiece W to be processed into a spherical surface (see FIG. 5).

Thereafter, by displacing the movable table 61 backward while rotating the rotary processing tool 41, the inner circumferential surface of the workpiece W will be processed into a spherical surface based on the trajectory of the processing chip 42 described above.

At this time, as shown in FIG.
is supplied to the processing section.

When machining a spherical surface by machining unit A', the operation rod 43 of machining unit A' and the engagement member 75, that is, the movable table 61 are disconnected from each other. Also, as mentioned above, gear 4
9 using the cylinder device 85, and move the moving table 61 largely backward with the gear 69 in the locked state, the two gears 49 and 69 are disengaged. By supplying pressure oil to the chamber C1, the turret 5 is unlocked from the table 2 (the lock teeth 12a and 22a are disengaged).
, the turret 5 is rotated by 180 degrees by the motor 30, and the processing unit A' is brought to the working position S2. After this, the moving table 6e is moved forward to engage the gears 49 and 69, and the lock is released, and the operating rod 53
What is necessary is to engage the engaging member 75 with respect to the
The inner circumferential surface of the workpiece W is processed into a spherical surface using the same procedure as described for the processing unit A.

Although the embodiments have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and includes, for example, the following cases.

■The turret 5 may be equipped with three or more sets of machining units, and these multiple sets of machining units may be applied to the same workpiece W and set for rough finishing and final finishing. There may be.

■ Only one set of processing units may be used; in this case, the turret 5 is not required, and the operation rod 43 and the moving table 61 are connected so that they always move together without engaging or disengaging them. It's okay.

(2) The gear 69, ie, the motor that applies rotational force to the rotary processing tool 41, may be installed on the movable table 61.

(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, the present invention can perform spherical machining by simply rotating the rotary processing tool and swinging the processing chip attached to it. Since there is no need to perform complicated position control, machining accuracy can be improved.

Further, when machining a spherical surface, it is only necessary to position the center of swing of the machining tip relative to the workpiece, so the control system becomes extremely simple.

Furthermore, space is also effectively utilized because a gear-type transmission means for transmitting power for rotation to the rotary processing tool is mounted on the movable table for swinging the processing chip. , an overall compact and simple structure can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view showing one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a left side view of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 181. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-ff in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the tip of the rotary processing tool. FIG. 6 is a radial cross-sectional view of the tip of the rotary processing tool. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an example of a connecting portion between the operating rod and the moving table. A, A': Processing unit B: Common unit W: Workpiece Sl: Standby position S2 2nd work position 41: Rotary processing tool 42: Processing tip 43: Operation rod 46: Mounting pin (swing center) 47: Swing Piece 49: Gear (commonly used for rotation processing) 61: Moving table 64: Motor (transfer means) 68: Rotating shaft (gear type transmission means) 69: Gear (gear type transmission means) Figure 3 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 figure

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A processing machine that processes the inner circumferential surface of a work into a spherical surface, comprising: a rotary processing tool rotatably held by a support member; a processing chip swingably attached to the rotary processing tool; and the rotary processing tool. an operating member disposed movably in the axial direction in the vicinity of the rotary processing tool, and an operating member disposed movably in the axial direction in the vicinity of the rotary processing tool; a movable base connected to an operating member; a drive means for moving the movable base; a gear type transmission means rotatably supported by the movable base and meshed with a gear attached to the rotary processing tool; A spherical processing machine characterized by comprising: a power supply means for supplying power to; and a spherical surface processing machine.