JPS6122747A - 3-phase reluctance type semiconductor motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a large output torque by providing salient poles at the prescribed open angle on the rotary surface of a rotor, arranging a stationary armature along the rotary surface of the salient poles, detecting the position of the rotor to sequentially flow a current to the first-sixth exciting coils. CONSTITUTION:A center of a rotor 2 formed by punching a silicon steel plate in the shape having salient poles 2a, 2b and laminating them is secured to a rotational shaft 1. U-shaped cores 3a-3c are disposed on the rotary periphery of the rotor 2 to become a stationary armature, and exciting coils 4a-4c are wound in the recess. Currents flow to the coils 4a-4c are controlled by the output of a position detector for detecting the position of the rotor 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a variable reluctance semiconductor motor that obtains driving rotational force.

Stepping motors that increase driving force by changing reluctance are well known. However, there are no examples of variable reluctance type semiconductor motors being put to practical use.

The reason for this is that there are problems in the following points.

t(S, magnetic attraction force of rotor and stator (radial direction)
The problem is that the mechanical noise is loud because the balance is not good.

Secondly, the bearing is damaged +Q due to the reasons mentioned above.

In ns 3, the magnetic flux due to the excitation of the fixed element causes the other end of the rotor to be inserted into the rotor, which generates a counter torque and reduces the efficiency and output torque.

[Above]] Due to the disadvantage of the Shibuko, the Kai 4-4 magnet is 91", and the output torque is large.
Although it has many advantages, it is difficult to put it into practical use.
ing.

The original [1j'l, 1 old)? (d) This type of three-phase semiconductor motor is characterized in that it can eliminate the above disadvantages and utilize the advantages .

Next, the details of FIG. 1 and subsequent figures will be explained.

FIG. 1 shows the principle of rotation of a three-phase glue roughtance type electric motor. In FIG. 1, the rotating shaft / is rotatably extended to the main body by a shaft bearing (not shown), and a fourth
The center of the layered rotor unit is fixed to the rotating shaft.

The rotation axis l serves as the output axis.

U-shaped magnetic cores 3α, 3h, 3c (r:k, which are arranged on the rotating circumferential surface of the rotor and serve as a fixed armature,
Since both have the same configuration, the details of one magnetic core 3c will be explained in the first part (a) and next in c)).

Laminate silicon steel plates or mold mild steel powder into a plastic body to reduce vortex loss, f'f5.
A U-shaped magnetic core is constructed as shown in Figure 1(a).

The four parts designated by the symbol S are illustrated in FIG. 1 with the same symbol. In addition, an excitation coil is wound around the recess k as shown by curve E, so that the excitation open end (magnetic pole surface) 7 (1,7h
become N and S magnetic poles when the excitation coil is energized. The open end of the magnetic path is set to a, 7bic+curve 11, and the direction of the song is +2rt in Fig. 1.

The magnetic path is closed by the salient poles 2 u , 2 A, which are opposed to the outer surfaces of J and /+ through a kana gap 7).

As mentioned above, I+il+ (The coil is shown in Figure 31, I)lj,? cl...? b, 3c, respectively, ML-ke 11. Illustrated as a, riri, '/c.

41 Kuru > 3 a, ,? /r, 3c
and excitation coil Qa.

/Ih, 1lcil-1: Since there are three sets of electromagnets, they are hereinafter referred to as electromagnets 3a, 3h, and 3c.

As mentioned above, the magnetic pole faces of the electromagnets 3σ, 3h, , 3c face each other with a slight air gap along the protrusion 1pF, , 2n, , 24 planes, and the magnetic path is narrowed to close the t- Therefore, the leakage f]2 bundles with respect to other protruding rods are (
There are six reasons why -7 is small and the magnetic flux density is generally large, which generates a large torque per rotation as described later.

1j1: Crushed stone, 7σ, 3/r, 3c, is buried in a cylindrical or annular shape by plastic molding and hardened into the main body to form a fixed armature. The molded body is indicated by the dotted line A in Figure 1.

The outer circumference and inner circumference are shown as Ah.

Figure 3(a) shows salient poles 2ct, 2b and electromagnet 3a.
.

A developed view of 3b and 3c is shown. The angle at the dotted line F is 360 degrees. The width of salient poles 2a and 2b is q
o degrees, and the angle between each is also qo degrees.

The beams of the electromagnets 3a, 3b, and 3C are 0 degrees, and the angle between them is 30 degrees.

Next, the energization control device for the excitation coils a, Riri, and /Ic will be explained.

FIG. 5 shows the position sensing device.

In FIG. 5 (σ), a Colpitts or Hartley oscillation circuit /2 is constructed using the coil //σ shown in the first diagram as an inductance member, and the coil //σ is empty 11? Since the coil is around 70~/S, oscillation of several megacycles is performed, and its output is connected to the diode and capacitor/
The current is converted to direct current by the rectifying smoothing path including the transistor/
Output is obtained from terminals /6a and /Ab via // and /A. symbol/? i, 4 DC positive voltage terminal.

Every time the coil //a faces the salient poles 2a and 2h shown in FIG. 1, oscillation is stopped due to #jtF4 and eddy current loss.

Therefore, the output waveform of the terminals /A a and /A h is a rectangular wave pulse train, and the gap between them is also equal to the width of the rectangular wave.

Coil //h and coil //c are also shown in the figure on the left (a
), the output is also a rectangular wave pulse train, and the phase difference between the outputs from each coil is 120 degrees in electrical angle.

The output of Kariko /Otsuσ, /Ah is the terminal /? a
The signal is input to the transistor 10σ and the transistor 10σ becomes conductive. Also, the outputs of the same circuit as in Figure 3 (σ), including coil //h and coil //c, are respectively terminal /? h, /'7 c
Since the input signal is input to , the transistor /θh, 10c becomes conductive.

Through the conduction of I transistors 10a, /θh, 10c, the excitation coil l is connected to the power supply positive and negative poles ga, gh.

B and C are energized, and the respective energized currents have a phase difference of 7.20 degrees in electrical angle.

Excitation coils A, B, and C represent excitation coils 'la, 'Ib, and 'Ic in FIG. 7, respectively.

In the state shown in the first diagram, the excitation coil C2Δ, that is, the excitation coil A, , a is energized, so that 1 k@sh, s. 4,
6.6 kaka. 1.7.2 It is driven by 1. l
When the motor rotates in the SS direction, the input to terminal /7G in Fig. 1 disappears, so that the excitation coil 1d is stopped energizing, and the excitation coil l/c is energized. Therefore, the salient pole 2b is
c, and a driving torque in the same direction is obtained.

If you rotate it another 30 degrees, the terminal /? Since the input of c disappears, the excitation coil 1 is de-energized, and the excitation coil 1
1. b is energized, so the protrusion '4'f1. ．． 2a is attracted to the magnetic core 3h, and a driving torque in the same direction is obtained.

As explained above, each time the rotor rotates 90 degrees, the excitation coil α, 11. h, energization and de-energization of G C are performed alternately.

As described above, the excitation coil is energized in the order of GUMMY+DAC-+RIB→, thereby generating a driving torque.

Such a torque curve is shown in the graph of FIG.

The curves /ga, 1gb, and 1gty are torque curves/lines by the φ excitation coils 'Itsubaki, 'Ic, and 4'h, respectively. Since the silicon steel plate has a high saturation magnetic flux density, the rotational torque is lower than that of a semi-conductor motor of the same type, which uses a well-known ferrite field magnet.
In this case, it is possible to obtain at least one times as much output torque.

Also, the field ferrite magnet may break down during the cycle, but the device of the present invention has the effect of eliminating this drawback.

Furthermore, the position sensing device is a coil //a, //
b.

Since //c and rotor a are the same, compared to the case where a Hall element is used, the pi component is changed to an f7i component, and the effect is that a position detection output is large and a heat exchanger is obtained. However, the invention can also be implemented with other known position sensing means.

As can be seen from the explanation of FIG. 1, the salient poles 2a', 2h are
Rotational torque in the circumferential direction is provided by the electromagnets 3σ, 3b, and 3c, but at the same time they receive a strong suction torque in the radial direction, and since this force is not axially symmetrical, it generates vibration and damages the bearing. There is. In the device of the present invention, this drawback is eliminated, and the details will be explained later with reference to FIG.

In Fig. 1, if we consider that the rotor has rotated lSS times in the direction of arrow G, i.e., clockwise, from the position shown in Fig. 1, the magnetic flux obtained from electromagnet 3C is as shown in Fig. 2. As understood from the configuration shown, the magnetic path open ends 7a', 7h
It is closed by the salient pole 2h facing the . Electromagnet 3a, 3
The situation is exactly the same for b. Because the magnetic path is small, the magnetic field becomes stronger, which has the effect of producing large output torque.

If known means are used, i.e. the magnetic core 3C (Fig. 2(a)
The four parts S of the electromagnet (hereinafter referred to as the magnetic core) were removed, and the parts 7a and 7b were constructed as one curved surface, and the exciting coil was constructed as shown in the curved line. When wrapped around the salient poles 2b and 2b, the resulting magnetic field is
It is closed via the magnetic core 3h and the projecting frame, , 2c, and the magnetic +l'73c.

At this time, a well-known means is used in which the magnetic rJ3a, 3h, and 3c are closed at their outer peripheries by a common magnetic path.

Assuming that the magnetic pole of the magnetic core 3c is the N pole and the other magnetic cores are not excited, the torque in the direction of arrow G due to the salient pole 2b decreases, and the torque due to the salient pole 2h and the magnetic core 3h becomes a counter torque. As explained above, there is a drawback that a torque component that always reduces the rotational torque is generated. ffl according to the invention, '2
When the magnetic core is shaped as shown in the figure (,), the magnetic field tends to pass through other magnetic cores and salient poles, which has the effect of eliminating some defects. Also, as mentioned above, it has the effect of increasing the flux density (!η).

In addition, in the state described above, the magnetic attraction force between the protrusion C and the magnetic core 3C is extremely large. Mataka/・ru suction force d:,
The size and direction change as the rotor rotates, so
Applying periodic lateral pressure changes of different directions and magnitudes to the rotating shaft/and its bearings has the drawback of generating noise and causing damage to the bearings. The device of the present invention, which eliminates the problem and has the above-mentioned advantages, is the seventh
As shown in the figure.

In the device shown in FIG. 7, the number of salient poles 2a, 2b in FIG. 1 is doubled, and salient poles 2c and 2d are added.

The magnetic cores 3a, 3h, and 3o are also multiplied by Y, and the symbols 3d,
Magnetic cores 3a and 3f are added.

Other members with the same symbols as in FIG. 1 are the same members.

Such additional salient poles and additional magnetic cores are shown with the same symbols in the developed view of FIG. 3 (/,).

The coils // a , // b , // c are separated by 0 degrees in electrical angle, and the control circuit of FIG. 9 is operated in exactly the same way. However, excitation coil l in Fig.
For example, the excitation coils for the magnetic cores 3α and 3d and the excitation coils B and C serve as excitation coils for the magnetic cores 36 and 3g and the magnetic cores 3c and 3f, respectively. The excitation coil of each magnetic core is the first. - It is wrapped by the same means as shown in the figure, but is not shown in the figure.

Also coil //ct, //h, //c, salient pole, 2a.

, 2h, ... A soft plate of the same shape is separately installed on the rotating shaft, and a coil //σ, //b is attached to this protrusion.

Since the parts that are oriented at a symmetrical position with respect to the rotation axis l are excited, the magnetic attraction force exerted by the magnetic core on the rotor unit always lances.

Therefore, the 1111 pressure applied to the bearing is removed, and the defects caused by water build-up are removed. The principle of rotational torque generation is exactly the same as in the case shown in FIG.

The embodiment shown in FIG. g is an example in which the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is changed to an abduction type. In the figure Sg (cL), magnetic core 2. 'i
The armature 29 with n, bh, ..., you f is,
Fixed to the main body. The armature parts are made of 17 layers of industrial wood board. 1. To the general armature of a thousand electric motors. The magnetic cores 5-a and 5-a are
,... Since they are all the same shape, the magnetic rll
) 2. ';.

Taking 2117g as an example, FIG. 2117g (b) will be explained next.

C◇No. 1 Tsuyu 3a is provided with a protruding portion No. 9 having exactly the same shape on its back side, that is, above the drawing.

Magnetic core! ; The protruding ends of a and 23j become magnetic path open ends, and through a slight gap, the salient pole 2 of the rotor is connected. a.

He is facing 2Qb,...

The excitation coil 2Aα is wound around the magnetic core a.

The excitation coil 2tσ may be provided on the magnetic core j, or two excitation coils may be wound around both.

Magnetic Core-kun a, , 2! ;No has 2 salient poles °σ, ,! /7
b, . . . closes the magnetic path, and since the magnetic path is small, a strong magnetic field is generated and a large rotational torque is generated.

Compared to the armature shown in FIG. 7, the armature of this embodiment has the advantage of being able to be produced on tatami mats and can be constructed at a low cost.

That is, the excitation coil unit 6σ can be manufactured by an automatic winding machine and inserted and fixed into the magnetic core a from above. Moreover, it is also possible to wind the wire directly using an automatic winding machine. Further, a silicon steel plate having a cross section having the protrusion shown in the figure,
By laminating circular silicon steel plates having the diameter shown by the dotted line, the magnet tll) can be produced in large quantities at low cost using conventional mass production techniques.

It is more installed.

Cylindrical mild steel J (1 on the bottom of the rotor 23 of 11 is the rotation axis l
is determined as 1.1iI, and the rotating shaft / is rotatably supported by +Il + support /a fixed to the electric wire.

By laminating silicon steel plates, protruding rods: 2'ia, , 2/I
-h,...

, 2'/d (iii) rotor, 2 pieces are cylinder λ
It is fixed on the inside of 3.

crn heart noke σ, ,”,,’; h,...andhi gD
Arrangement angle of frame 2 a,]llh,... (d: ,
', 'i'! This is exactly the same as the corresponding member in Figure 7.

/7iJI (t'sk coil, 2/=σ, )/,
h, . . . are interpreted in exactly the same way as the corresponding excitation coils in FIG. 7 by means of the control circuit in FIG. Coil // a, // h.

// Since the action of C is the same as that shown in FIG. 7, the semiconductor motor has the same action and effect as shown in FIG. 7.

It is clear that an internal rotor electric motor with an armature of the configuration shown in FIG. 5 can also be obtained by the same means.

The electric circuit shown in FIG. 5(b) consists of a coil //a,
This is another embodiment for obtaining a position detection signal from //h and //c.

In FIG. 5(h), the symbol /,2a is an oscillation circuit of several megacycles, and its output is passed through the coil //a,
Resistance θa K Mi voltage drop occurs. This voltage drop is converted into direct current by a rectifying and smoothing circuit including a diode and a capacitor 2/a, and an output is obtained from a terminal 2.2a. This output is input to frs 4 (terminal /?a in the figure).

Coil //n is the 7th. Projected frames a,) h in figure g.

... or salient pole; Va, 2Q b, ...
When opposed to , the impedance decreases due to copper loss and iron loss, so the output of terminal a increases.

Therefore, a position detection signal consisting of an l-phase rectangular wave is obtained.

Under similar circumstances, coil // h , // c , resistance 2
0 +8. ．． The 2θC1 rectifier circuit (diodes and capacitors, !/b, , 2/c) connects terminals 2.2
From b and 2.2c, a position detection signal having a phase difference of /20 electrical degrees is obtained. This signal is at terminal /7t in the ff3 diagram.

/7 c Vl input, 1.

The output of terminal 2 σ is (σ) terminal /A a, /
Since it is equivalent to the output of A h, it becomes a position detection signal that rotates the electric motor in the qth and gth diagrams by one rotation. Terminal h.

, 2.2 1 output of c, terminal /7 /+ in Fig.
/'7c, so it has the same effect as the previous embodiment.

In the circuit shown in FIG. 5(c), the terminals in FIG.
The outputs are from terminals +) 9a, , 19h.

Input to 2qc. Symbols -g, 29, 30 are comparison circuits, and from the input voltage of terminal 9 (which is a standard voltage terminal), terminals), qa, 29b, , 2
9 Only when the input voltage of c is large, terminal 2g a
, μl) , , 2g A positive output is obtained from C. Therefore, the terminals 2.2 a and 22 b in FIG. 7(b)
, , 2.Instead of using the output of 2.2c as a position detection signal, the terminals 2g a, , 2g h, 2g c
It is '3N when using the output as a position detection signal.
The ratio becomes better.

In FIG. 2(,i), a mild steel rotor 27 with symmetrical projections 22σ, core h is fixed at rotation 1IIllIl. Coil for position detection //a, //
The relative positions of h and //C are exactly the same as those with the same symbols in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and are fixed to the main body.

The widths of the protrusions 27a and -+7b are the salient poles α in FIG.

It is 2/3 of the width of λb, that is, 60 degrees.

Since the induction constant of such coils //a, //h, //c is changed in the vicinity of the protrusion core α, -2k, the position detection output can be obtained by the same means as in the case of FIG. can be obtained. However, the exciting coils 3a, 3. are energized by the obtained position detection output. h, 3c
Since the energization curves fd and 'Flj are 7.20 degrees in air angle, the superimposition of both ends of the output torque curves due to each exciting coil is removed.

Curve 3θa of the graph (time chart) shown in FIG.
3θb, 30ty represent the position detection outputs described above.

Curve 3 is the torque curve. It is necessary that the trailing edge 32a of the curve 30a and the leading edge 3.2b of the curve 30b overlap slightly.

This is because, without such conditions, the rotor will be in a position where it will not start. The situation is exactly the same for the portions of curves 30, h, 30c, Q3.2c; 3.2d.

In order to avoid the above-mentioned mechanism overlap and to ensure complete startup,
The following measures will be adopted. That is, the curves 30a, 30
h, J/) The shape of c is curved m3. ? 'a, J,
? h, ,? ,? The device obtains the position detection output by modifying it as shown in c. - For this purpose, for example, the 7Pi circuit shown in the left figure (h') is adopted, and the coils //σ, //h are used.

//The diameter of c is increased, and the protrusion in Fig. 1<h), 27
σ.

) By slightly increasing the width of h, the position (omniscience output) of the shape described above can be obtained.
Using the same path to obtain three outputs, curve 30 a
, 30h, , 30c, the same position detection A6 can be obtained, and superimposition can be avoided.

The means described in FIG. 2 (/l) are B゛157
, The truth of g [tsu] (l! The same is true for the example)
・Can be used for j.

In this case, there will be multiple protrusions as shown in FIG. 1(h), and each opening angle will be 90 degrees. Width of the protrusion (Kano No. 7, g
The projection in the figure (11 [this 1] is 4/3. Also, the coil //
a, // b, // c position Vx, fjs
This is the same position as in figures q and g.

Instead of using three coils //a, //b, //c, the device according to the invention can be operated with one position sensing element. The details of this means are described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-'1A3/7 by the same inventor, and will therefore be omitted.

In order to reverse the electric motor of the present invention, the coil //σ is used.

/fh, //c position 16. After the detection output is inverted using an inverting circuit, it can be used as the base input of the corresponding transistors 10a, '10h, and 10c in FIG.

As can be understood from the description of each of the embodiments above, the apparatus of the present invention achieves the object stated at the beginning and is highly effective.

A simple explanation of the drawings: Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the device of the present invention, Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of its main parts, Fig. 3 is a developed view of its salient poles and electromagnets, and Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the device of the present invention. Fig. 3 is an energization control circuit diagram of the excitation coil, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the position detection device, Fig. 6 is a graph of the torrent curve, Figs. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an actual example of M11 with different values, and FIG. 7 shows graphs of the position detection output and the torque curve ff0Ji, respectively.

! ...rotating shaft, /a...bearing, 2a,
2h, ..., Yud... salient pole, 3σ, 3b, -
,3f...Electromagnet, //,o, ,'Ih
, ・= , 'i' f - excitation Koinot,
7σ, rih...magnetic pole, 3...recess, //a
, //Ir, //r-coil, 10ti
, /θb.

'Oc + 'u v /J...transistor,
A, R, C--・l+rl+ (1"+ coil,
g a , g h , /7・-・jFz style Fr1
〒、source、／、2. /, 2n... oscillation circuit, /gσ
, 1g h, 1g c...l・rk song storage,
Aa, Ah...Plastic material, -5?
... Mild steel cylinder, S, 211 ... Rotor 5.
2+/σ, ,2Qb,...,)Qd...salient pole,
s, da σ, λsb.

..., B...electromagnet, B...armature,
24α.

2/, b,...,',2/,/...excitation coil, 271 rotor, core. , 27h... protrusion, 2g, , 29, 30... comparison circuit,
30 a, 30 b, , 30 c, 3. ?
a, 3.1 h, 3. ? c-... position detection signal curve, 3/... torque curve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A cylindrical rotor rotatably supported on the main body by a rotating shaft and a bearing, and four protrusions made of magnetic material arranged at equal pitches at an opening angle of 45 degrees on the rotating surface of the rotor. pole and
6 with a U-shaped magnetic core and an excitation coil wound around it
electromagnets, and the longitudinal direction of the open end of the magnetic path of the electromagnets is opposed along the rotating surface of the salient pole with a slight gap in between, and the width in the longitudinal direction is 45 mm, which is the same as the width of the salient pole. They are arranged at equal pitches along the rotational surface of the salient poles with an opening angle of 6 degrees.
electromagnets are fixed at predetermined positions on the main body facing the fixed armature held by the holding member and fixed to the main body, and the above-mentioned salient poles, and detecting the position of the above-mentioned rotor, The first one has a phase difference of 120 electrical degrees from each other,
A position detection device that generates second and third three-phase position detection signals and the above-mentioned excitation coil are sequentially connected to the first
, second,..., sixth excitation coil, the first
The position detection signal energizes the first and fourth excitation coils, the second position detection signal energizes the second and fifth excitation coils, and the third position detection signal energizes the third and sixth excitation coils. A three-phase reluctance semiconductor motor characterized by comprising an energization control circuit that energizes an excitation coil to obtain driving torque in one direction.