JPS61212231A - Coating agent of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is useful for suppressing transpiration, promoting rooting and germination, preventing wilting, promoting rooting, promoting growth, preventing frost damage and cold damage, controlling diseases, and using agricultural chemicals. This invention relates to agricultural crop coating agents for the purpose of improving adhesion, etc.

[Conventional technology]

Suppression of transpiration, promotion of rooting, growth, and prevention of frost damage in agricultural crops are important agricultural issues, and many attempts have been made to solve these problems by creating thin films on the surfaces of agricultural crops. For example, a positive emulsion dispersion using a quaternary ammonium salt and a urea adduct with paraffin wax as a base material and carnaupawa wax (
JP-A-49-66425), a homogeneous mixture of wax and a surfactant capable of solubilizing the wax (% JP-A-49-66425);
-136768), an emulsion whose main component is rosin (
(Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 53-127133).

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

There are cases in which these coating agents are insufficiently effective, or cause chemical damage at high concentrations, resulting in the coating effect not being achieved, or even becoming negative.

The object of the present invention is to provide a crop coating agent that does not have such drawbacks and exhibits stable effects.

[Means for Solving the Problems] [Operation] The present invention is an aqueous emulsion-based agricultural crop coating agent containing carnaupawa wax and rosin.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have conducted various studies and found that an aqueous emulsion that is a composite of lunakpa wax and rosin can be used as a single agent or as a combination of paraffin wax and rosin, which are the most common among waxes. It has been found that it exhibits superior transpiration suppressing power and unexpectedly superior rooting and germination promoting power compared to composite agents, and is completely free from phytotoxicity as seen in commercially available products.

If the coating agent of the present invention is applied a day or several days before seedling transplanting so that the leaves and stems are sufficiently wet, transpiration will be suppressed, rooting and germination will be promoted, and there will be less damage to the plants.
Subsequent growth is markedly improved. Although such effects can be seen to some extent with carnaupawax or rosin alone, they are much smaller than with the carnaupawax/rosin complex of the present invention.

This is thought to be due to the synergistic effect of Carnaupawatux and rosin, which significantly increased the transpiration suppressing power compared to when they were used alone. However, when sprayed at low concentrations, there was almost no difference in transpiration between the three. First, since the product of the present invention has a remarkable ability to promote rooting and germination, effects other than mere physical effects such as suppression of transpiration can be considered.

Furthermore, when the coating agent of the present invention is applied around the maximum tillering stage of paddy rice, effects such as an increase in the number of rice plants and improvement in ripening are observed, and these are also thought to be due to the above-mentioned effects.

The product of the present invention exhibits excellent transpiration suppressing power and rooting/germination promoting power compared to a composite agent of paraffin wax and rosin. This is thought to be because it has good emulsifying properties and can easily form a uniform film of appropriate thickness on the surface of the crop. Furthermore, unlike paraffin wax, which is composed of hydrocarbons, Carnaupawatkus is mainly composed of esters of higher fatty acids, and contains free higher fatty acids and higher alcohols, so it has a special effect on plants.
It is also believed that this effect was facilitated by the combination with rosin.

A major feature of the product of the present invention is that even when sprayed at high concentrations, it does not cause any chemical damage as seen with commercially available products. The effects on these plants will be shown in more detail in the test examples described below.

The rosins used in the present invention include wood rosin, gum rosin, tall rosin, and derivatives thereof.

The ratio of carnaupawa wax to rosin in the coating composition of the present invention is suitably from 10:1 to 10:10, most preferably from 10:3 to 10:5. This is because if the proportion of rosin is small, the coating effect will be poor, and if it is too large, the emulsifying property will be poor and the coating effect will also be poor.

To emulsify the mixture of carnaupawax and rosin, ionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are used alone or in combination. As the ionic surfactant, for example, an alkali salt of an acid having a higher lipophilic group, such as an acidic sulfuric ester of a higher fatty acid or a higher alcohol, an organic base salt, etc. are used.

Nonionic surfactants are generally, for example, higher fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols or their partial anhydrides;
Selected from polyoxyalkylene ethers of higher aliphatic alcohols. The amount of surfactant to be used depends on the ratio of Carnaupawax and rosin, the type of surfactant, etc., but it is generally from a fraction to several times the total amount of Carnaupawax and rosin by weight. It is enough.

The coating material of the present invention is produced by heating and dissolving Carnaupawax, rosin, and surfactant, mixing them uniformly, and mixing them with hot water.

The coating agent of the present invention is applied to crops as a dilute emulsion by adding water, and the concentration at that time is preferably about 0.5 to 5% by weight as the total amount of carnaupawa wax and rosin. This is because if it is thinner than this, it will be less effective, and if it is too thick or too thick, there will be no chemical harm, but the effect will tend to decrease.

A more detailed explanation will be given below with reference to Examples and Test Examples. In the text and in the middle of the table, . . . indicates parts by weight, and q indicates weight %.

[Example] Example 1゜■Carnaupawax 100 parts■Rosin ester (Harinis 9-DS-70L) 30■Nitsun Nonion LP-20R10■Nitsun Nonion L
T-22110 ■ Stearic acid 10
Part■Morpholine 4.7■Hot water・
Water 480° 120° of the above ■～■
The mixture is heated to dissolve at 0.degree. C., mixed uniformly, cooled to 95 to 100.degree. C., and then morpholine is added. While maintaining the temperature at 90 to 95°C and stirring strongly, approximately 350 parts of hot water at 90 to 95°C is gradually added.

After inversion, stir for another 10 minutes, add the remaining water, stir, and cool to obtain a product. (Carnaupawax rosin) has a concentration of about 20%.

Example 2゜ ■ Carnacuba wax 100 parts ■ Ronsin ester (Harinister DS-70L) 10 n ■ Nitsusan nonion LP-2OR 17 parts ■ Nitsusan nonion LT-22117 ■ Stearic acid
17■Morpholine 8■Hot water/water 811The above ■～■ at 120℃
After heating and dissolving the mixture, mix uniformly, and cool to 95 to 100°C, the entire amount of morpholine is added. Temperature 90-95
℃, and add 90-95℃ hot water at 540℃ while stirring vigorously.
Gradually add before and after. After inversion, stir for another 10 minutes,
Add the remaining water, stir, and cool to obtain a product. The concentration of (Carnaupawax rosin) is approximately 19%.

Test Example 1 Using the coating material of Example 1, the effect of suppressing transpiration and promoting rooting in paddy rice was clarified.

Rosin) concentration: 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5
．． Dilute with water to 0.0% and spray on rice seedlings with 2 to 2.2 leaves so that the leaves are sufficiently wet.

One day after treatment with the coating agent, the seedlings are pulled out and cut leaving the roots lα intact. Fill a 50-volume test tube with 40-40 mL of water, insert three seedlings with cut roots into a urethane block, and push the urethane block into the test tube until the endosperm is submerged in water. To prevent water evaporation, the opening of the test tube was covered with parafilm and placed in a greenhouse, and the amount of transpiration and the state of rooting were examined 10 days later.

In addition, as control coating agents, commercially available products (wax content 10%, emulsifier, water, etc. 90%), Carnaupawax single agent (wax content 50%, emulsifier, water 50%), rosin single agent (rosin 4
(9%, emulsifier, water, etc. 51%) and a paraffin wax/rosin composite (10% paraffin wax, 3% rosin, 87% emulsifier/water) were tested.

(2) Test results It is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 *1 Carnau wax concentration *2 Rosin concentration *3 (paraffin wax and rosin) concentration
*4 As is clear from the wax concentration in Table 1, the coating agent of the present invention has superior transpiration suppressing power compared to Carnaupawax single agent, rosin single agent, and paraffin wax/rosin composite agent, and also has a lower rooting number. , clearly surpasses these in terms of mines. This seems to be due to the synergistic effect of Carnaupawatux and rosin to suppress transpiration, but at low concentrations, the number of roots formed was not significantly different from that of other coatings or no treatment. Since this is extremely high, it is difficult to believe that this is simply a result of suppressing transpiration; special effects may also be considered.

In addition, although the commercially available product is not much different from the product of the present invention in terms of transpiration suppression ability, it is clearly inferior in terms of the number of roots formed and mines. Particularly at high concentrations, the results are inferior to those of no treatment, but brown spots can be seen on the leaves, which seems to be due to chemical damage.

Test Example 2 A pot test revealed the rooting and growth promoting effects.

(1) The coating material of Test Method Example 1 (Carnaupawax rosin)
It is diluted with water to a concentration of 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, or 5.0, and sprayed on rice seedlings with 2 to 2.1 leaves so that the leaves are sufficiently wet. The day after the coating was applied, 10 plants per pot were transplanted into flooded Neubawell pots, and the plants were placed at room temperature (minimum temperature 17°C) or at low temperature (minimum temperature 17°C).
The plants were placed in a greenhouse at 3°C, and the rooting and growth conditions were examined two weeks after transplantation. In addition, each coating material of Test Example 1 was used as a control.

(2) Test results It is shown in Tables 2 and 3.

As is clear from Table 2.3, the coating material of the present invention is more effective at both room temperature and low temperature than Canoshinaupa wax single agent, rosin single agent, paraffin wax rosin composite agent, and commercially available products. It shows superior results in terms of rooting condition, stem and leaf type, and root chamber. Commercially available products have results that are inferior to untreated products at high concentrations, but at 30% concentration, leaf tips turn yellow, and at 50%, withering becomes noticeable over time, indicating that this is due to chemical damage. It is judged as a thing.

Such a phenomenon is not observed in the product of the present invention, and it is a safe drug in terms of chemical toxicity.

Test Example 3 Using the coating material of Example 2, the effect of promoting the rooting of chrysanthemum cuttings was tested.

(1) The coating material of Test Method Example 2 was used as (Carteraba wax ten rosin)
The concentration is 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 30% (=
Dilute it with water and spray it on chrysanthemums of the same age so that the leaves are sufficiently wet. The next day, cut from the root and place the cutting in a pot containing one. The plants were maintained in a greenhouse according to conventional methods, and the sprout type and rooting type were examined after one month.

In addition, each coating material of Test Example 1 was used as a control drug.

(2) Test results Table 4 Table 4 (Continued) As is clear from Table 4, even for chrysanthemum cuttings, the coating agent of the present invention was applied to Kariripa wax alone, rosin alone, and paraffin wax/rosin composite. It shows a stable and high rooting effect compared to commercially available products.

Test Example 4 Using the coating material of Example 1, the growth promoting effect and yield increasing effect on paddy rice were clarified through field tests.

(1) The coating material of Test Method Example 1 was coated with Calcaupa wax, 2,2
The solution was applied to box-grown rice seedlings with ~2.4 leaves so that the leaves were sufficiently wet.

The day after the coating was applied, the plants were transplanted to paddy stiles. In addition, plots were also set up in which the same solution was sprayed once again at the peak tillering stage.

As a control, the concentration of carnaupawax (
An area where a diluted solution of Carnaupawax (50% wax, 50% emulsifier/water) at a concentration of 1.0% was sprayed once and an untreated area were established.

Cultivation overview 1) Test location Chigasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture 2) Test crops/varieties Paddy rice, Nipponbare 3) Soil Chigasaki paddy soil (Sagami soil used as base material) 4) Size of test site 1 section 2 m'' (Stile test) 5) Fertilizer application amount Fertilizer: Nitrogen 6Kp/10a, phosphoric acid 9 to 9/1
0a.

Cali 6V4/10a.

Additional fertilizer: Nitrogen 3Kg 110a, potassium 3 and 9/10a
.

6) Sowing time: May 8, 1980 (seedling box) 7) Transplanting time: May 30, 1980 8) First coating treatment: May 29, 1980 9)〃
2nd treatment July 5, 1980 10) Top dressing period July 20, 1980 11) Harvest period October 18, 1980 (2) Test results The results of the growth survey and yield survey are shown in Table 5 C. I showed you two.

Table 5 As is clear from Table 5, even in the field test (-), the area treated with the coating agent of the present invention was clearly superior in both growth and yield compared to the Carnacpasox single agent area or the untreated area.

The reason why the yield was further increased by applying the coating agent of the present invention twice is that in addition to the promotion of rooting, rooting, and growth by the first application, application at the highest tillering stage was effective in increasing the number of firs and improving ripening. This is thought to be because there was

Furthermore, since it is highly effective even in outdoor tests, it is clear that the coating material of the present invention has good adhesion and does not peel off easily.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described in detail above, the crop coating agent of the present invention has excellent transpiration suppressing power and rooting promoting power, and promotes rooting, so it is particularly suitable for wet rice cultivation in cold regions and early planting cultivation. It is also highly effective for transplanting vegetable and fruit tree seedlings, reforestation, and flower and fruit tree cuttings. In addition, in grafted hydroponics, the survival rate can be increased by spraying on the scions. In addition, prevention of drought damage, wind damage, and cold damage (- is also helpful.Late frost damage to tea and fruit trees has become a major problem, especially in recent abnormal weather conditions, but by spraying the product of this invention, the protective covering of new shoots is removed.) It can also prevent damage caused by late frost.

In addition, it can be used to form a coating on the surface of crops (secondarily to prevent diseases), and because it has excellent adhesion properties, it can also be used as an adhesion agent for agricultural chemicals such as pesticides.

In particular, the crop coating agent of the present invention has no phytotoxicity even at high concentrations;
In addition, the main ingredients, carnaupawax, rosin, and the surfactant for aqueous emulsification have no toxicity to humans or animals, making it an excellent drug in terms of safety.

Patent applicant: Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Mitsui Toatsu Fertilizer Co., Ltd. Harima Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] An aqueous emulsion-based agricultural crop coating agent containing carnaupawax and rosin.