JPS61194497A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (1) Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that has a plurality of types of tone color series and can arbitrarily set and control pitch frequency data of a generated musical sound waveform.

(2) Prior art and problems In electronic musical instruments, such as keyboard instruments such as electronic organs and synthesizers, it is necessary to generate a musical tone signal with a pitch frequency corresponding to the key 01H played, and a signal generation method is required. (In the past, various types of electronic musical instruments have been considered.Firstly, in the so-called "German L oscillation method" which uses multiple oscillators for each keyboard, etc., the pitch of each keyboard is tuned separately. The J method was considered, but this involved rotary tuning work similar to conventional instruments such as pianos and chamber mouths, and had the disadvantage of distorting the pitch between A vectors and covering.Next, the highest pitch Using a 12-tone independent oscillator corresponding to the following octave relationship, the so-called 1 frequency divider method using a 1/2 frequency divider was considered, but this required tuning over the 12 tones. This had the disadvantage of requiring re-tuning every time the environment changes, such as temperature, humidity, aging, etc.Next, the frequency was divided by 41 to approximately increase the frequency of 12 tones from the standard main clock oscillator. The so-called “
]・Twin octave system'' was considered, but it had the disadvantage that the very high main clock frequency had to be changed (pulled) when transposing.Next, a programmable frequency divider was used to adjust the pitch accordingly. A so-called "program counter method" was considered, which provides frequency ratio data, but since this method allows arbitrary pitches to be given as frequency division ratio data according to the number of bits, it is now possible to use digitally. l+1.) An effective method for electronic musical instruments that can easily control the frequency has been realized. Furthermore, a so-called ``frequency number method'' was considered in which the pitch frequency was overshadowed by a cumulative summation device that periodically added incremental value data called ``frequency number 1,'' but this method was By performing time-division operation, multiple sound tunnel pitch frequencies can be generated simultaneously in a single circuit, and by digitally processing the frequency data, real-time operation is possible. It has a unique feature over other methods: it has easy-to-understand operation functions. These methods have been realized based on the idigital lightning circuit technology 1 (:1) represented by the recent 1-SI technology, and are sufficiently effective in terms of f'1 culm setting box polishing. For example, in terms of pitch (J, 1 semitone J "j / Limit I] - is a few sen 1 ~, but on the other hand, the pitch setting accuracy of digital musical instruments can easily be fixed at an error of 1 L7 n 1 ~ culm 1 a. Set accuracy to eight.

It is the ability to fully control pitch retention stability, and is necessary for the proper use of "temperament" required musically by experts.
From Vlt? This means that accurate setting of the pitch difference between sounds can be easily achieved. In addition, by digitally controlling the correspondence between pitch frequency data and the keyboard,
It is possible to instantaneously transpose the key to any key and then generate musical tones, but this is impossible to achieve with conventional musical instruments.

In this way, electronic musical instruments can easily give regular ITI' pitches, and in some cases classical temperament, which is different from 12 equal temperament, can be realized. Even though it has become possible to generate both at the same time, it is true that there is still a large gap between the performance of not only classical music based on classical temperament, but also classical orchestras in general, and the performance of electronic musical instruments. One of the reasons for this is that the scale note 1↑ of each instrument in an orchestra is different from 12 equal temperament, some instruments are close to just intonation, and some instruments are close to Bicgoras temperament.
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<It is a well-known fact that it is done to make it heavier. .

Therefore, in conventional electronic musical instruments, in order to artificially generate this pitch variation throughout the instrument, ['3 B
I have periodically added an ``orchestra effect'' using delay casting such as D. However, the subtle differences in the pitch of individual instruments are merely adjustments that occur after the common temperament and pitch have been determined, and although they are meant to imitate the woody quality of an orchestra's 1-ichi kana curve, There were no drawbacks.

(3) Purpose of the Invention The present invention was made in view of the above points.
We focused on the special 1-1 difference in the musical temperament of the musical instrument Kidney Stone, which is another essence of the ``subtle 4i differences in the pitch of individual instruments'', and focused on the pitch based on the scale of a separate musical temperament corresponding to the timbre series. By setting the frequency η, it is possible to achieve a sound that is closer to a deep orchestral unsampled sound, and we are proposing an electronic musical instrument with rich tonal characteristics that can effectively express multiple timbre series.
(It is something to do.

-〇- (/I) Structure of the Invention For the purpose 1 above, the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention includes a timbre parameter setting circuit for setting a plurality of types of timbre series, and a timbre parameter setting circuit for setting a plurality of types of timbre series, and a ? A temperament setting circuit for selecting and setting the 4I, a pitch data detection circuit for obtaining pitch data corresponding to the pitch of the played musical note, and a pitch data detection circuit for setting the pitch frequency of the generated musical sound waveform. and a pitch frequency data setting circuit.

(5) Embodiments of the Invention Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail along with the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, in which 1 is a tone tablet i~, 2 is a keyboard, 3 is a temperament setting circuit, 4 is a state detection/processing operation circuit, 5
6 is a tone data generation circuit, 6 is a pitch frequency data generation circuit, 7 is an envelope data generation circuit, 8 is a musical tone generation circuit, and 9 is a sound system.

In other words, the state detection/processing operation circuit 4 detects the tone setting state on the tone tablet 1, the pressed keys on the keyboard 2, the performance states of the 1iiiI41 keys, etc., and furthermore, the temperament setting circuit 3 detects the tone setting state. - Set and input the temperament according to performance status information, etc. Further, in the state detection/processing operation circuit 4, timbre parameters necessary for the timbre data generation circuit 5 -81 pitch data etc. necessary for the tone pitch frequency data generation circuit 6, b1 envelope parameters necessary for the envelope data generation circuit 7, etc. generates and supplies musical tone generation parameters. In the musical tone generation circuit 8,
A musical tone signal is generated by musical tone generation data such as timbre data d from the timbre data generation circuit 5, pitch frequency data e from the pitch frequency data generation circuit 6, and envelope data f from the envelope data generation circuit 7. The sound is converted into sound by a sound system 9 including an amplifier and a speaker, and is produced as the sound of an electronic musical instrument.

FIG. 2 is a specific configuration example for explaining an example of a tone setting section realized around the state detection/processing operation circuit 4, tone data generation circuit 5, and musical tone generation circuit 8 shown in FIG. 1. . In FIG. 2, 10 is a CPU, 11 is a timbre characteristic data memory circuit, 12 is a RAM, and 13 is an RO.
M, 14 is a system bus, 16 is a harmonic table circuit,
17 is a time division timing circuit. That is, in this example, the musical tone generation circuit 8 uses the time division timing circuit 1.
7, musical tones are generated by a sine synthesis method according to the timing of 7, and the intensity of each overtone for this purpose is set by the timbre data generation circuit 5. CPU
Reference numeral 10 controls the entire circuit, and operates together with a RAM 12 for storing data, and a ROM 13 in which programs and data are stored, via a system bus 14 including an address bus, a data bus, etc. The tone information set by the tone tablet 1 is taken into the system bus 14 by the CPU 10, and the necessary tone parameters are referred to by the tone characteristic data memory circuit 11.
It is supplied to the timbre data generation circuit 5 as the timbre parameter signal a.

The signal diagram in Figure 3 shows this situation, and when setting the timbre parameter signal a to a characteristic such as 〈△〉 in Figure 3, for example, whether such characteristic curve data is actually transferred or not. , or transfer a table reference address signal that can obtain such characteristics. In the case of the sine synthesis method as shown in this example, the timbre data generation circuit 5 uses the harmonic table circuit 16 that stores basic data corresponding to each of the 18 tone components to generate 1=1 as shown in FIG.
Since such discrete data is generated, the tone generation circuit 8 calculates each overtone component in a time-division manner according to the timing of the time-division timing circuit 17. In addition, in the case of an electronic musical instrument that uses the so-called 1-subtraction method as a musical sound generation method, that is, a method that sets the timbre using an original waveform rich in harmonics and a filter circuit, the above-mentioned timbre parameters include the cut-off frequency and the Q characteristic. , filter attenuation characteristics, etc. correspond, and if the tone data is VCF (voltage control filter), the control voltage is SC
F (switched, capacitor, filter) corresponds to the control clock signal, etc., and it is clear that any of these methods can be easily applied in the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a specific configuration for explaining an example of a pitch frequency setting section realized around the state detection/processing operation circuit 4, pitch frequency data generation circuit 6, and musical tone generation circuit 8 shown in FIG. This is an example.

In Fig. 4, 3 is a temperament setting circuit, 10 is a CPU, 2
0 is a temperament characteristic data memory circuit, 12 is a RAM, 13 is a ROM, 14 is a system bus, 21 is a temperament setting circuit, 2
2 is a frequency number table circuit. That is, in this example, musical tones are generated in the musical tone generating circuit 8 based on the musical tone frequency information from the pitch frequency data generating circuit 6, and the method for setting the pitch frequency is based on the pitch frequency data. There is a "program counter method" in which the generation circuit 6 generates programmable frequency division data, or a so-called "program counter method" in which the pitch frequency data generation circuit 6 generates incremental value data corresponding to the pitch frequency and the data is periodically added and accumulated. A method such as "frequency number method" can be considered. The CP LJ 10 controls this entire circuit, and stores data etc. via the system bus 14, which includes an address bus, a data bus, etc.
Works together with OM13.

FIG. 5 is a memory signal diagram for explaining the operation of the pitch frequency setting circuit portion of a conventional electronic musical instrument corresponding to the single shell configuration example shown in FIG. A memory configuration as shown in FIG. 5 was common. That is, the explanation will be made in accordance with the operation of the specific configuration example shown in FIG. Output. At this time, the frequency number table circuit 22 simply accesses the data at the address corresponding to the key number corresponding to the order of the keyboard, as shown in FIG. This method was suitable for covering the use of musical temperament.

FIG. 6 is an example of a memory signal diagram for explaining the operation of the tone pitch frequency setting circuit portion in the specific configuration example shown in FIG. 4. To explain, I! The operating status of board 2 is CP LJ 10
The timbre setting information of the timbre tablet 1 and the temperament setting information of the temperament setting circuit 3 are also taken into the system bus 14. According to the main focus of the present invention, the temperament setting information that has been set by the CPU 10, the temperament characteristic data memory circuit 20, and the temperament selection circuit 21 in relation to the timbre is transferred from the frequency number from the tone/temperament selection circuit 21. The signal is supplied to the table circuit 22 and the pitch frequency data generation circuit 6. At this time, the frequency number table circuit 22 accesses pitch frequency data arranged for each temperament block as shown in FIG. 6 and stored separately at lower addresses according to key numbers corresponding to the order of the keyboard. This makes it easy to add memory for each temperament.

FIG. 7 shows an I
C-th, shown in Figure 4 J)-! This is an example of the pitch frequency setting circuit part in the orientation configuration example. In Figure 7, 1
0 is a CPU, 14 is a system bus, 30 is a block selection circuit, 31 is a temperament selection circuit, 32 is a key number selection circuit, and 22 is a frequency number table circuit. Here CP
U10 supplies a control signal for selecting a desired data block from a data memory circuit including the frequency number table circuit 22 in the block selection circuit 30; It supplies and outputs the upper address signal j. The CPU 10 also supplies a control signal for selecting a desired temperament block from the frequency number table circuit 22 to the temperament selection circuit 31, and the temperament selection circuit 31 outputs and outputs the lower address signal m of the frequency number table circuit 22. . Roughly speaking, the CPU 10 supplies a control signal i for selecting pitch frequency data corresponding to a desired key number from the frequency number table circuit 22 to the key number selection circuit 32;
The supply output overrides the middle address signal n of the output. In this case, as is clear from the example of the memory signal diagram shown in FIG. Among these, it is one that can be easily executed instantly by the CPU 10. Furthermore, when musical waveform synthesis is performed in a time-division manner as described above, it is easy to refer to the timbre parameters for each applicable time-division time slot and generate a corresponding different temperament selection signal.

FIG. 8 is another example of a memory signal diagram for explaining the operation of the pitch frequency setting circuit portion in the specific configuration example shown in FIG. 4, and the operation of the specific configuration example shown in FIG. 4. To explain in conjunction with the above, the operating state of the keyboard 2 is taken into the system bus 14 by the CPU 10, and the timbre setting information of the timbre tablet 1 and the temperament setting information of the temperament setting circuit 3 are also taken into the system bus 14. According to the main focus of the present invention, the temperament setting information set in association with the timbre by the CPU 10, the temperament data memory circuit 20, and the temperament selection circuit 21 is stored in the temperament selection circuit 2.
1 to the frequency number table circuit 22 and the pitch frequency data generation circuit 6. At this time, in the frequency number table circuit 22, key numbers are arranged in blocks corresponding to the order of the keyboard as shown in FIG. It accesses frequency data,
This makes it possible to easily realize an efficient data storage system.

FIG. 9 is a configuration example of the pitch frequency setting circuit portion in the specific configuration example shown in FIG. 4 for realizing the example of the J-separate memory signal diagram shown in FIG. 8.

In FIG. 9, 10 is a CPU, 14 is a system bus,
30 is a block selection circuit, 31 is a temperament selection circuit, 32 is a key number selection circuit, and 22 is a frequency number table circuit. Here, the CPU 10 supplies a control signal g for selecting a desired data block from the data memory circuit including the frequency number table circuit 22 to the block selection circuit 30, and the block selection circuit 30 supplies the chip of the frequency number table circuit 22. It supplies and outputs a select signal and an upper address signal p. The CPU 10 also controls the frequency number table circuit 22 in the temperament selection circuit 31.
A control signal for selecting a desired temperament block is supplied from the temperament selection circuit 31, and a lower address signal q of the frequency number table circuit 22 is supplied and outputted to the temperament selection circuit 31. Furthermore, cpulo supplies a control signal i for selecting pitch frequency data corresponding to a desired key number from the frequency number table circuit 22 in the key number selection circuit 32, and It supplies and outputs the middle address signal r of the circuit 22. In this case, as is clear from the example of the memory signal diagram shown in FIG. It is only necessary to change the signal q of the song, and this can be easily executed instantaneously by the CPUIO even during a performance.

Furthermore, when musical waveform synthesis is performed in a time-division manner as described above, it is easy to refer to the blind color parameter for each of the corresponding time-division time throwers 1 to generate a corresponding different temperament selection signal.

FIG. 10 illustrates another example of the pitch frequency setting section according to the present invention, which is implemented around the state detection/processing operation circuit 4, pitch frequency data generation circuit 6, and musical tone generation circuit 8 shown in FIG. This is a specific example of the configuration of a colored dame. 10th
In the figure, 40 is 4 performance state setting circuits, 10 is CP
U, 20 is a temperament characteristic data memory circuit, 12 is a RAM,
13 is a ROM, 14 is a system bus, 21 is a temperament selection circuit, and 22 is a frequency number table circuit. In other words, in this specific configuration example, the performance state setting circuit 40
In this method, a melody part and a harmony part are distinguished during performance, and thereby a scale system based on a plurality of different temperaments is set. As an example of this performance state, -(, for example, is an electronic organ with a two-level keyboard, a three-level keyboard, etc.), where the keyboard is defined as part of the melody, a violin tone is specified as the melody tone, and the temperament is set. A possible case would be to set the temperament to the Vitagoras temperament, which is common on the violin, and then define the lower keyboard as the harmony part, specify a pipe organ tone as the harmony tone, and set the temperament to just intonation.Another example of a performance state. For example, in a synthesizer that has a single keyboard but can divide the range to essentially create a two-level keyboard,
Define the high range as part of the melody, specify the trumpet 1 to tone as the melody tone, set the temperament as the Vitagoras temperament, which is common in 1 to trumpets, and roughly define the low range as the harmony part, and set the harmony tone as the jazz tone. There may also be a case where an organ tone is specified and its temperament is set to the Bergmeister temperament.

As an example of a roughly different performance state, for example, when assigning multiple types of tones to the same keyboard so that they occur simultaneously, one tone is specified as a melody tone, a unique temperament is set for the melody tone, and It is also conceivable that other tones are specified for harmony (sounds for enriching the resonance) and the temperament for the harmony tones is set separately.

(6) As described in detail of the invention, according to the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, there are 11 different timbre sequences for a plurality of timbre series! Set the pitch frequency based on the temperament system of 1jti, and then set the pitch frequency according to the 1jti performance state and timbre series. Since the configuration can be set, it is possible to create a highly musical electronic instrument that can express harmonies such as orchestras, for example. It's large.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. FIG. 2, which is a conceptual diagram of the configuration for clarity, is based on FIG. 1 and explains an example of the tone setting portion realized around the state detection/processing operation circuit 4, tone data generation circuit 5, and musical tone generation circuit 8. A specific example of the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG.
Concrete explanation of j11100 operation (Figure 8,
FIG. 4 shows a specific configuration for explaining an example of a pitch frequency setting section realized around the state detection/processing operation circuit 4, pitch frequency data generation circuit 6, and musical tone generation circuit 8 shown in FIG. For example, FIG. 5 is a memory signal diagram for explaining the operation of a conventional electronic musical instrument corresponding to the physical configuration example shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a memory signal diagram for explaining the specific configuration shown in FIG. The operation of the pitch frequency setting circuit part in the example is shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is another system signal diagram for explaining the operation of the pitch frequency setting circuit portion in the specific configuration example shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 shows another configuration example of the pitch frequency setting circuit part in the specific configuration example shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 10 shows the state detection/processing operation circuit 4 and the pitch frequency data generation circuit shown in FIG. 1. 6 is a specific configuration example for explaining another example of the tone high frequency vI setting section realized around the musical tone generating circuit 8. 1...Tone tablet, 2...
...Keyboard, 3...Tone setting section, 4...Status detection/processing operation circuit, 5...
......Tone data generation circuit, 6...
・・Sound pitch frequency data generation circuit, 7・・・・・・・・・
Envelope data generation circuit, 8...Music tone generation circuit, 10...CP LJ. 9...Sound system, 12...
...RAM. 11...Tone characteristic data memory circuit, 13...
...ROM, 14...System bus, 16...Harmonic table circuit, 17...
. . . time division timing circuit, 20 . . . temperament characteristic data memory circuit, 21 . . . temperament selection circuit,
31... Temperament selection circuit, 22... Frequency number table circuit, 23... Time division timing circuit, 30... Block selection circuit, 32... ...Key number selection circuit, 40...
- Performance status setting circuit. =22- 5 Figure 6 Figure 8 AddrθB 9 Figure 9 So Figure 10

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) An electronic musical instrument characterized in that, in the generated musical sound waveform, a plurality of types of timbre series are provided, and a pitch frequency based on a scale of a separate musical temperament is assigned to each of the timbre series. (2) A timbre parameter setting circuit for setting the plurality of types of timbre series, a temperament setting circuit for selecting and setting a temperament corresponding to the timbre parameter, and pitch data corresponding to the pitch of the played musical tone. a pitch data detection circuit for obtaining pitch data, and a pitch frequency data setting for setting a pitch frequency of a musical waveform to be generated in correspondence with the pitch data of the pitch data detection circuit and the temperament data of the temperament setting circuit. Claim 1, further comprising a circuit for setting tone pitch frequency data based on respective scales of different temperaments corresponding to tone parameters of plural types of tone series. electronic musical instrument. (3) Equipped with a performance setting circuit for setting the distinction between the melody part and the harmony part during performance, thereby setting a scale system based on a plurality of different temperaments, and setting the tone parameters of the plurality of tone series. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 2, wherein pitch frequency data is set based on scales of different temperaments in response to changes in performance conditions.