JPS61185985A - Laser light reactyor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To contrive improvement of reaction effect by a method wherein the titled item consists of a cylindrical mirror and a freely adjustable mirror, while the upper end of the cylindrical mirror has a space under the stock liquid while the lower end thereof has a space between it and the reactor body. CONSTITUTION:Laser light l from a laser light generating device is introduced inside a reactor main body through a transparent member 3 of a laser inlet 2. The laser light l introduced into the reactor main body 1 is made to reflect repeatedly in spiral state at an inside peripheral face of a cylindrical mirror 4, then projection cubic volume of the laser light l is enlarged extremely, so photochemical reaction and thermochemical reaction of raw liquid 5 are caused effectively. Substance produced by reaction is generated by chemical reaction inside the cylindrical mirror 4 and is in the state of being mixed with unreacted raw liquid. Since laser light is made to repeat reflection at the inside peripheral face, laser light pass length through raw liquid comes to be long, and since projection cubic volume to raw liquid is increased, reaction effect of laser light is improved. Thereby, installation cost and operation cost can be reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a laser light reactor that performs a chemical reaction of a liquid or a gas with a liquid using laser light.

[Prior art and its problems] Conventionally, chemical reactions have been carried out by activating molecules under high temperature and high pressure conditions and increasing the frequency of collisions between molecules. However, in recent years, research has been conducted in various fields on so-called laser-induced chemical reactions, in which substances are excited by irradiation with laser light and chemical reactions are induced even at room temperature and normal pressure, or at low temperatures and low pressures close to normal temperatures. In other words, laser light is a light source with major characteristics such as energy intensity, monochromaticity, strong directionality, and good coherence.
It is possible to generate laser light with a specific wavelength in the visible and ultraviolet regions, and by directly irradiating the raw materials with laser light, photochemical reactions and thermochemical reactions occur, resulting in substitution reactions and elimination reactions of substances. , addition reaction, isomerization reaction, or
A desired reaction product can be obtained by performing an ionization reaction or the like.

Photochemical reactions use laser light to excite the electrons in molecules, thereby making the chemical properties of the compound different from those of the molecule in its ground state, and taking advantage of the difference in reactivity between the excited states. This is an extension of the conventional photoreaction using a mercury lamp or the like. In addition, as a thermochemical reaction, a chemical reaction is caused by exciting a specific vibrational unit with an infrared laser, or it is generated by a powerful laser.
When a chemical reaction is caused using heat, or when a laser beam is applied to a two-component system that does not react under normal conditions to activate one component and then cause a thermal reaction with the other component. There is.

By the way, when synthesizing chemical products, it is inevitably required to increase reaction efficiency.

The fourth factor shows a reactor using conventional laser light.

In this reactor, irradiation is performed from one end inside the reactor body a,
Since the structure is such that the laser beam 1 that has passed through the raw material to be reacted is received by a shielding material such as graphite provided at the loose end, the volume of laser light irradiated onto the raw material to be reacted is small and the reaction efficiency is reduced. There was an inconvenience that they could not improve sufficiently.

Furthermore, since the laser beam is irradiated onto the raw material to be reacted locally, the reaction is localized, and the ratio of the raw material to be reacted to the reaction product becomes non-uniform within the reactor body. Therefore, in order to proceed with a uniform reaction within the reactor main body, it is necessary to provide stirring devices C, C or a circulation device d, and in the case of high-temperature reactions, a heating means is installed not only in the reactor main body but also in the circulation device d. It was necessary to set it up. Therefore, there was a problem in that the equipment cost and operating cost were high.

On the other hand, in most cases there is a difference in specific gravity between the raw material liquid (reactant) and the reaction product.

For example, in the case of chlorination reaction: CH2= CH2+ CQz → CH2=CHC+HC specific gravity 0.6246 0.9692,
The reaction product is heavier than the raw material to be reacted, and conversely, in the case of decomposition reaction: H202+Hz Q+ 02 specific gravity 1.46 1.0, the reaction product is lighter than the raw material to be reacted. Also, in the case of a thermochemical reaction, the specific gravity locally decreases due to temperature rise, resulting in a difference in specific gravity. Although natural convection may be induced due to such a difference in specific gravity, it is limited to only a portion within the reactor main body, and the stirring device C1C and the circulation device d cannot be omitted.

[Object of the Invention] The present invention was devised in view of the problems of the prior art, and it is possible to increase the irradiation volume of the laser beam to the raw materials to be reacted, thereby improving the reaction efficiency, and to improve the reaction efficiency. A laser beam that causes natural circulation in the raw materials to be reacted in the reactor, allowing chemical reactions to occur uniformly throughout the body, eliminating the need for a stirring device or circulation device, or reducing the size of the device, and reducing equipment and operating costs. The purpose is to provide a reaction.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the laser reactor of the first invention of the present application includes a reactor main body that stores a raw material liquid to cause a chemical reaction by laser light, and a reactor body that is attached to the reactor main body and has a laser reactor. It consists of a laser beam introduction port that introduces light into the reactor body, and a cylindrical mirror with an open top and bottom end whose inner surface is a mirror.The top end of the cylindrical mirror is below the surface of the raw material liquid, and the bottom end is There is a gap between the mirror and the reactor body, and the laser beam inlet is located so that the laser beam is repeatedly reflected on the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical mirror. Further, the laser light reactor of the second invention of the present application includes a reactor body that stores a raw material liquid that undergoes a chemical reaction by laser light, and a laser light inlet that is attached to the reactor body and that introduces laser light into the reactor body. , a cylindrical mirror whose inner surface is a mirror and whose upper and lower ends are open, and which reflects the laser light introduced from the laser light introduction port and guides the laser light so that it is repeatedly reflected on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical mirror; The cylindrical mirror is characterized in that its upper end is below the surface of the raw material liquid and its lower end has a gap between it and the reactor body.

[Function] In each of the inventions of the present application, the laser beam introduced from the outside into the reactor main body is repeatedly reflected on the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical mirror, thereby increasing the irradiation volume of the laser beam onto the raw material liquid, and A cylindrical mirror with open top and bottom ends submerged in the liquid divides the inside of the reactor body into a part where the raw material liquid undergoes a photoreaction and a part where it does not. Due to the difference in specific gravity, a natural circulation flow is generated, which leads the raw material liquid on the outside of the cylindrical mirror to the inside, thereby causing a uniform chemical reaction in all the raw material liquid in the reactor body. Note that the cylindrical mirror may be cylindrical or rectangular. In the first invention, the mounting angle of the laser beam introduction port is taken into consideration, and in the second invention, by providing another mirror between the laser beam introduction port and the cylindrical mirror, the angle of the laser light introduction port is adjusted. The mounting position and angle are free, and the irradiation volume within the cylindrical mirror is variable.

[Example 1] A preferred example of the laser light reactor of the first invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the laser photoreactor of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a plan view showing the state of reflection of laser light within a cylindrical mirror. In FIG. 1, 1 is a reactor main body that stores a raw material liquid 5 that undergoes a chemical reaction by laser light, 2 is a laser light inlet attached to the reactor main body, and is equipped with a transparent member 3. Laser light l from a laser light generator (not shown) is introduced. Reference numeral 4 denotes a cylindrical mirror with open upper and lower ends, which is installed in the reactor main body with its cylindrical axis vertical, and repeatedly reflects the laser light introduced from the inlet 2 on its inner peripheral surface. The upper end 4a is located below the liquid level 5a of the raw material liquid by a height hl, and the lower end 4b has a gap h2 between it and the reactor body.

The laser beam introduction port 2 is located so that the laser beam is repeatedly reflected in a spiral manner on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical mirror 4 as shown by the arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2. Reference numeral 6 denotes a gas introduction pipe that is attached to the reactor main body 1 and introduces gas involved in the reaction, and a gas jet port 6a is provided inside or below the cylindrical mirror 4 to prevent air bubbles from flowing inside the cylindrical mirror 4. surface. This vibro is used not only when a gas is required to participate in a chemical reaction, but also as an inlet for a gas that is not involved in the reaction, such as air, in order to promote circulation of the raw material liquid inside and outside the cylindrical mirror 4. . 11 is an inlet for the raw material liquid 5, and 12 is an outlet for the reaction product.

Next, the action will be explained.

The reactor main body 1 is preferably filled with the raw material liquid 5, which undergoes a chemical reaction by laser light, up to the level shown by the solid line, considering the reflection of the laser light on the liquid surface. However, it may also be at the level of the dotted line. Laser light l from a laser light generator (not shown) is introduced diagonally downward into the reactor main body through the transparent member 3 of the laser light introduction port 2. The laser beam l guided into the reactor body 1 is repeatedly reflected in a spiral manner on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical mirror 4. Therefore, the irradiation volume of the laser beam becomes extremely large, and the photochemical reaction or thermochemical reaction of the raw material liquid 5 is efficiently induced. - A reaction product is generated by a chemical reaction inside the cylindrical mirror 4, and the inside of the cylindrical mirror 4 becomes a mixed state of the reaction product and unreacted raw material liquid. Now, if there is a difference in specific gravity between the unreacted raw material liquid and the reaction product, and the reaction product is lighter than the raw material liquid, the mixture of the unreacted raw material liquid and the reaction product is lighter than the raw material liquid itself, so it will move upward. The unreacted raw material liquid outside the cylindrical mirror 4 floats up and instead enters the cylindrical mirror 4 from below, causing an upward flow inside the cylindrical mirror 4 and a downward flow outside the cylindrical mirror 4, as shown by the arrows. A natural circulation flow occurs. Further, when the reaction product has a higher specific gravity than the unreacted raw material liquid, a natural circulation flow is generated in which a downward flow occurs inside the cylindrical mirror 4 and an upward flow occurs outside the cylindrical mirror 4. This natural circulation creates a stirring effect between the part of the liquid in the reactor body 1 that is exposed to the laser beam and causes a photochemical reaction, and the part that is not exposed to the laser beam and does not cause a photochemical reaction. No stirring device or forced circulation device is required. Then, the entire contents are uniformly irradiated with laser light, allowing the reaction to proceed.

Gas may also be involved in photochemical reactions.

For example, C5Hs+6C&z →Cs He C, i2g +68C In this case, the gas is ejected from the gas jet port 6a of the gas introduction vibro, becomes bubbles and rises in the raw material liquid, but at this time, the raw material liquid is dragged by the bubbles and an upper flow occurs. occurs. If all the air bubbles generated there are introduced inside the cylindrical mirror 4, natural circulation will occur around the cylindrical mirror 4, as described above. If the natural circulation is not sufficient due to the difference in specific gravity between the reaction product and the unreacted raw material liquid, gas may be introduced from a gas introduction vibrotube even if no gas is involved in the reaction.

[Example 2] A preferred example of the laser photoreactor of the second invention of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. 3. Note that the same parts as in the first invention are designated by the same reference numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The difference between the present invention and the first invention is that the laser light introduced into the reactor body 1 from the laser light introduction port 2 is not directly introduced into the cylindrical mirror, but is reflected by the mirror 20 and then reflected by the cylindrical mirror 20. This is the point projected onto. Generally, when a raw material liquid is irradiated with laser light l to cause a photochemical reaction, the laser light is gradually absorbed and attenuated. Furthermore, the attenuation rate of the laser beam varies depending on the wavelength of the laser beam, the raw material liquid, the type of chemical reaction, etc. Therefore, by adjusting the projection angle to the cylindrical mirror according to the attenuation rate of the laser beam, the number of reflections within the cylindrical mirror 4 is changed, and the bus length of the laser beam within the cylindrical mirror 4 is adjusted. It is preferable that the laser beam l disappears when it reaches the lower end of the cylindrical mirror 4. That is, when the attenuation rate of the laser beam is small, the angle of the laser beam projected onto the cylindrical mirror 4 is adjusted to increase the number of reflections within the cylindrical mirror 4, thereby increasing the bus length of the laser beam. Therefore, it is better to increase the irradiation volume. Conversely, when the attenuation rate is large, the projection angle of the laser beam to the cylindrical mirror 4 is adjusted to reduce the number of reflections within the cylindrical mirror 4, and the laser beam is It is preferable to reach near the lower end of the cylindrical mirror 4 to effectively utilize the volume inside the cylindrical mirror 4.

Next, the action will be explained.

In this embodiment, the mirror 20 is rotatable about two axes and is mounted eccentrically with respect to the cylindrical axis of the cylindrical mirror 4. Therefore, the laser beam l reflected by the mirror 20 and introduced into the cylindrical mirror 4 is projected at an angle with respect to the horizontal plane and a horizontal projection formed by the incident light at the reflection point on the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical mirror 4 and the inner circumferential surface. The angle is adjustable, so the spiral reflection pattern and the vertical pitch between the spirals are changed according to the attenuation rate of the laser beam, and the laser beam passes through the raw material liquid in the cylindrical mirror 4. Since the length is adjustable, the above purpose can be achieved.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the laser light reactors of the first invention and the second invention of the present application have the following effects.

(1) In both of the inventions of this application, a cylindrical mirror is provided inside the reactor body, and the introduced laser light is repeatedly reflected on the inner peripheral surface, so the passage length of the laser light through the raw material liquid is long. Since the volume of irradiation to the raw material liquid increases, the energy of the laser beam is effectively used to induce a chemical reaction, and the reaction efficiency of the laser beam increases.

■ In each of the inventions of the present application, the liquid inside the reactor main body is divided into a part inside the cylindrical mirror where a chemical reaction occurs and a part outside the cylindrical mirror where a chemical reaction does not occur. Since a natural circulation flow occurs due to the difference in specific gravity of the liquid inside and outside the cylindrical mirror, a stirrer or circulation device is not installed (in other words, the laser beam is uniformly irradiated on all the raw material liquid in the reactor body). The reaction is accelerated.

■ If the laser beam introduced into the reactor body is simply to be repeatedly reflected, the inner wall of the reactor body should be mirror-plated or
Mirrors can be lined with interior walls, but doing so would be troublesome to repair or replace when damaged or deteriorated.
Since both inventions of the present application use a cylindrical mirror, maintenance is easy because it can be replaced completely when it is damaged or deteriorated.

(To) In both inventions of the present application, the number of reflections within the cylindrical mirror can be adjusted by changing the projection angle of the laser beam onto the cylindrical mirror according to the attenuation rate of the laser beam in the raw material liquid. Therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize the energy of the laser beam and the portion inside the cylindrical mirror where a chemical reaction occurs. In particular, in the second invention, since the angle adjustment mirror is provided inside the reactor main body, the degree of freedom in adjusting the angle is large.

■ Equipment costs and operating costs can be reduced because there is no need to install a stirring device or circulation device.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the laser light reactor of the first invention of the present application, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the state of reflection of laser light within the cylindrical mirror, and FIG. 3 is a laser light reaction of the second invention of the present application. Cross-sectional view of the vessel,
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a conventional reactor using laser light. 1... Reactor main body 2... Laser light introduction port 3... Transparent member 4... Cylindrical mirror 4a... Cylindrical mirror upper end 4b... Cylindrical mirror lower end 6... gas introduction pipe

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A reactor body that stores the raw material liquid that undergoes a chemical reaction with laser light, a laser light inlet that is attached to the reactor body and introduces the laser light into the reactor body, and upper and lower surfaces with mirror inner surfaces. The upper end of the cylindrical mirror is below the surface of the raw material liquid, and the lower end has a gap between it and the reactor body. A laser light reactor characterized in that the laser light reactor is positioned so that reflection is repeated on the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical mirror. (2) The laser light reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reactor main body is provided with a gas introduction pipe so that air bubbles generated from the pipe are introduced into the inside of the cylindrical mirror. (3) A reactor main body that stores the raw material liquid that undergoes a chemical reaction with laser light, a laser light inlet that is attached to the reactor main body and introduces the laser light into the reactor main body, and an upper and lower inner surface that is a mirror. It consists of a cylindrical mirror with an open end, and an adjustable mirror that reflects the laser light introduced from the laser light inlet and guides the laser light so that it is repeatedly reflected on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical mirror. A laser light reactor characterized in that the upper end of the shaped mirror is below the liquid level of the raw material liquid, and the lower end has a gap between it and the reactor main body. (4) The laser light reactor according to claim 3, wherein the mirror is eccentrically located with respect to the axis of the cylindrical mirror. (5) The laser light reaction according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the reactor main body is provided with a gas introduction pipe so that bubbles generated from the pipe are introduced into the inside of the cylindrical mirror. vessel.