JPS61143608A - Heater - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a solid fuel combustion heater for burning wood and other fuels that generate a large amount of soot.

[Conventional technology and problems]

Fuels that generate a lot of soot, such as wood and coal, account for a large portion of air pollution in the winter;
-), incomplete combustion is common and large amounts of solid materials and gases are released into the atmosphere through the chimney. Among them, gases such as carbon oxide and incompletely combusted hydrocarbons are major sources of air pollution.

The inventor previously obtained Australian Patent No. 2282078
proposed a heater with good combustibility in S., in which a post-combustion step was added as a combustion step to substantially reduce the solid matter and gaseous pollutants in the gas emitted from the chimney. The principle was to add air to the incompletely combusted gases remaining after primary combustion and pass this mixture through heated refractory fibers to cause almost complete combustion. However, even with this method, complete combustion has not yet been achieved.

[Purpose of the invention]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a heater for a stove or the like capable of achieving complete combustion substantially free of solid and gaseous pollutants in the waste gas, and in particular a heater suitable for the combustion of solid fuels such as wood and coal. The purpose is to

[Summary of structure and effects of the invention]

The heater of the present invention is a cell heater consisting of a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber, where gas containing smoke generated by combustion in the primary combustion chamber is guided to the secondary combustion chamber for post-combustion, 2
A lattice (containing refractory fibers) is placed on the inlet side of the secondary combustion chamber, an air intake pipe is opened upstream of the lattice, and a platinum-based flameless combustion combustion chamber is placed downstream of the lattice in the secondary combustion chamber. It is characterized by the placement of a catalyst.

According to the invention, complete combustion is achieved and the waste gas is substantially free of solids and gaseous contaminants.

This result is desirable from the viewpoint of environmental protection, and the amount of heat generated in the heater, that is, the combustion efficiency, is greatly improved, and the fuel consumption of the heater is reduced.

[Detailed description of the invention]

In the after-combustion step according to the invention, the combustion gases are brought into contact with a catalytic member before being led to the chimney. When the catalyst comes into contact with the combustion gases, it causes a chemical reaction that ignites the gases at a temperature below the normal combustion temperature of the gases.

For example, in most heaters, the temperature of the combustion gas (gas pumped into the chimney) is below 450"C, while the ignition temperature is above 540"C. Therefore, unless the combustion gas is ignited and post-combusted, a large amount of unburnt material will be released into the atmosphere, becoming a source of pollution and at the same time a loss of thermal energy.

The catalyst member used in the heater of the present invention uses cellular ceramic elements. The surface of the ceramic element is entirely or substantially entirely coated with a platinum group metal. The catalyst-coated ceramic element provides flameless combustion (oxidation) of unburned-oxidized carbon and hydrocarbons at temperatures ranging from 260 to 430°C. Once this combustion begins, heat builds up in the ceramic element, raising its surface temperature to as high as 875°C. The result is thermal and catalytic combustion of the gas. Thermal combustion occurs when a predetermined temperature persists for a certain period of time. Catalytic combustion is a chemical reaction in which a catalyst initiates the reaction.

Up to 30% of the heat obtained from burning wood is lost in the form of unburned materials and released into the atmosphere, wasting carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons derived from combustible materials.

Therefore, it is clear that if a part of the thermal energy contained in the combustible substances in the smoke emitted from the heater is recovered, this will greatly contribute to improving the efficiency of the heater. In fact, when using a heater using the catalytic member of the present invention, an overall increase in the thermal efficiency of the heater can be fully expected to be as much as about 20%.

Moreover, the amount of taleosote in the chimney is reduced by about 90%, reducing the cost of cleaning and maintaining the heater.

In order to operate the catalyst member, a base temperature of about 315°C is required at first, but once operation begins, the catalytic reaction continues even if the temperature of the catalyst member is lowered to 210°C. These temperatures can easily be obtained with ordinary wood fired heaters.

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be understood that in this case, the catalyst member described above is used.

In the drawings, an exterior case 1 includes a louver 2.

The case 1 has side plates, a top plate, a back plate, and a front plate with a door. The case has a large box supported on a stand 8. door 5
is attached to the front panel of the large box, allowing firewood, etc. to be loaded from the front. An ashtray 4 is provided below the door 3.

The top of the case has a lifting door 5, which allows the user to use the top of the bin for cooking. A louver 6 is also attached to the top of the case to facilitate convection circulation of air around the large box.

Further, a chimney 7 extends from the top of the case.

The large box extends between the back surface 9, the top surface 10, both sides 11 and the bottom surface 15, and extends forward from the back surface and terminates at a position not reaching the front surface. A baffle plate 15 divides the inside of the large box into a lower combustion zone (primary combustion chamber) and a smaller upper combustion zone B (
The combustion chamber is divided into two (secondary combustion chamber). Preferably the baffle is sloped to the front end as shown.

The baffle 15 is provided with a hole 16 that connects the upper and lower combustion zones, and this is connected to the hole 1 in the collar that extends to the chimney at the top of the large box.
7, and these holes have approximately the same diameter. The hole 17 may be attached to the back 9 of the large box in the case of a rear exhaust type. In this case, there is no chimney at the top, and the louver on the top of the case is also changed accordingly.

A sliding cover 1B is provided above the hole 16 so as to be opened and closed by manual operation of a rod assembly 19, and the rod assembly extends to the front of the heater. The lid is fixed to a shaft 20 having an end supported in a bearing hole at the top of the bin, and is connected to a baffle plate 1.
5 and rod 19 are connected to an arm 21 fixed to an axle 20 above the top 10 of the bin. Therefore, the movement of the lid is on axis 2.
It becomes an arc shape with 0 as the center. There is a U under the baffle plate 15.
A letter-shaped inlet tube 22 is fixed and takes in air from the back of the bin. Note that the position of the tube 22 can be arbitrarily determined.

The tip of the figure-8 tube 22 opens near the front edge of the baffle plate 15 and is provided with a forward-facing discharge port 25. At the inlet portion of the upper combustion zone (second combustion chamber), a buff,
A grid 24 is provided extending from the bottom of the A/board 15 to the top of the bin. The grid plays an important role in the efficient operation of the heater. The grid consists of a layer of refractory fibrous material 26 sandwiched by two plates 25, 25 and holes 27 passing through them. The plates 25 and 25 are heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant thin metal 1
For example, it is made of stainless steel with a thickness of 12 m. The fibrous material is preferably a fire-resistant fibrous material such as KIOWOOI.
The vine used by (product name).

The opening 14 in the front part of the bin is square and on both sides and above it consists of a standpipe 28, 28 consisting of a U-shaped tube member 30 and a crosspipe 29. The open end of the standpipe 28 extends downwardly from the bottom of the bin and provides an intake port for drawing in primary combustion air from the outside.

The cross tube 29 has a slotted opening 32 through which the primary air coming in from the stand tube is directed towards the inner surface of the glass panel of the door 3 and flows downwardly.

The primary combustion air flow at the open end 31 of the vertical tube 28 is variable within a predetermined maximum and minimum flow rate, and this adjustment is made at the open end 31.
1. With the flaps 34 aligned, these flaps 34 are mounted on a common shaft 38 which is pivoted to a bearing means provided in the bottom of the bin.
This is done by fixing and adjusting their positions. The minimum flow rate is set by variable length set screws 35 in each 7 laps 34.
and by engaging it against the bottom of the bin.

The position of the flap 34 is determined by manual and temperature control means. Temperature control means is bimetal spring coil, A/37
S, the free end of which is a link 37 (the example is a chain)
is connected to the lever arm on shaft 3B. The inner end of the fill 36 is attached to a plate which can pivot about the point of connection to the bin, so that the fill 36 assumes an angular position depending on the required heat output. In the first position, the plate has handle 40 pointing to the letter S, which brings set screw 35 closer to the bottom of the bin. Combustion is slow combustion because only a small amount of air enters.

The generation of heat causes the coil to expand, causing the screw 35 to contact the bottom of the bin, thereby limiting the amount of air.

Conversely, if combustion is weak, the coil contracts and opens the flap to increase the amount of air. This results in repeated opening and closing of the flaps to adjust the low temperature range.

When the handle is set to point T, the flap opens fully to allow a sufficient amount of air into the bin.

As the heat of the flame increases, the coil expands and closes the seven wraps depending on the amount of deflection of the coil. When the heat of the flame is reduced by partially closing the flap, the coil contracts and opens the flap. In this way, the predetermined high temperature range is adjusted.

When the handle is set to point ■, an opening/closing action of the flap occurs in the intermediate temperature range.

The combustion cycle consists of primary combustion in the zone adult and secondary combustion in zone B, and the secondary combustion is further divided into temperature raising and combustion by the grid 24 and flameless combustion and temperature raising by the catalyst member 40. The lid 18 is opened when combustion begins and is closed once combustion has begun. The primary combustion products are in the grid 24
is passed through the hole 27. The temperature inside the bin is sufficient to red-hot the edges of the hole 27 and the refractory fibers around the hole, which -
The combustible gas remaining in the combustion products is ignited, combusted and heated by auxiliary combustion air (from pipe 22), and this gas is then led to a catalyst member 40. It consists of a honeycomb ceramic and platinum group metal particles such as platinum black coated on its surface, and can catalyze combustion at the low temperature mentioned above.In this way, the gas coming out of the catalytic member undergoes secondary combustion. The temperature reaches a high temperature in the zone and complete combustion occurs. As a result, the gas coming out of the chimney contains no soot, no cresol, no unburned substances, and no air pollutants.

[Function and effect of the invention]

A feature of the present invention is that both the grid 24 and the catalyst member 40 are used. Grate 24 initially causes the grate to become red hot due to the secondary airflow and unburned matter in the primary combustion products. Once the lattice becomes red hot, it efficiently heats the solids and gases passing through it.
It is sent to the catalyst member 40. The catalytic member promotes combustion to increase the temperature of the solids and gases passing therethrough and to advance combustion. In this way, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is raised to a high temperature to achieve complete combustion. The efficiency of the present invention is illustrated by the approximately 20% increase in temperature in zone B over the grid 24 alone.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of the heater of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a plan view thereof. The main components are as follows. A secondary combustion zone B: secondary combustion zone 24: grid 40: catalyst member

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A case that constitutes a combustion chamber by a top, a back, both sides, and a front; an opening/closing door that forms a part of the front and has a transparent panel; and a case that includes a top, a back, both sides, and a front; a baffle plate extending between the back and the front and terminating at a position not reaching the front to form a primary combustion chamber on the lower side and a secondary combustion chamber on the upper side; a secondary air intake tube having a combined exhaust port, a grate provided at the inlet of the second combustion chamber, a secondary air intake tube having a discharge port upstream of the grate, and a primary air intake tube for directing primary air to an inner surface of the transparent panel. an air intake pipe, a manual and automatic temperature regulator for adjusting the intake amount of the primary air, a perforated ceramic body disposed close to the grid on the downstream side of the grid, and a platinum-based catalyst covering the surface thereof. A heater for solid fuel such as a catalyst member and a firewood. 2. The heater according to item 1 above, wherein the ceramic body has a honeycomb structure and the catalyst is platinum. 3. The heater according to item 1 or 2 above, wherein the grid is a laminated plate made of two refractory metal plates and refractory fibers sandwiched between them and provided with a large number of holes.