JPS61130869A - Colloidal osmometer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable a short-time measurement with a simple construction while elevating the reliability and operability, by arranging a pressure detecting chamber comprising a hard osmotic membrane filled with a measuring reference liquid and a detector for detecting the pressure of the pressure detecting chamber. CONSTITUTION:A pressure detecting chamber 12 is made up of, for example, a support body 12A made of a resin and, for example, a hard body 12B comprising a polysulfone material having numerous through holes 12C of a specified diameter. Then, first, after a test tube 10 is filled with a measuring reference liquid 11, an osmotic body 12B is inserted into the tube, the pressure detecting chamber 12 is filled with the reference liquid 11 by a pump 14 and then, it 12B is withdrawn. Then, a sample 11A, for example, blood is injected into the test tube 10 and then, the osmotic body 12B full of the standard liquid 11 is immersed thereinto. There, the reference liquid 11 in the pressure detecting chamber 12 permeates the osmotic body 12B and moves to dilute the solvent, for example, blood in the sample 11A. Then, the differential pressure between the reference liquid 11 and the solute in the sample 11A is converted into an electrical signal with a transducer 14 as osmotic pressure when the internal pressure of the test tube 10 balances with that of the pressure detecting chamber 12 and recorded 17 after amplified 16.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a colloid osmometer, and particularly to a biological test 1.
For example, the present invention relates to a technique that is effective when applied to a colloid osmotic pressure measuring technique used for measuring colloid osmotic pressure of blood.

[Background technology]

In the movement of water through biological membranes in peripheral tissues such as muscles, skin, liver, and lungs, colloid osmotic pressure (coiloid osmotic pressure) generated by submembrane permeable polymers in blood
tic pressure (hereinafter referred to as cop)
has an important meaning.

In order to measure the COP, there is a needle amount C0Pm meter that uses a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration membrane used in artificial kidneys, etc.1 For example, a nail-shaped colloid penetration device as shown in Figures 9 to 11 is available. Pressure gauge (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-457)
There is.

That is, the principle is that, as shown in Fig. 8, a solution layer 1 is partitioned by a semipermeable membrane 2 to form two solution chambers 3A and 3B, and each of these solution chambers 3A and 3B is filled with a solution and a solvent. Then, the solvent permeates the semipermeable membrane 2 as shown by the arrow and moves to the solution section. When the solution chambers 3A and 3B reach an equilibrium state, the solvent has moved to the solution section, so the solution section is at a higher pressure level than the solvent, and the differential pressure 9h is the osmotic pressure, and its magnitude is the solution It is proportional to the concentration of

The nail-type colloid osmometer utilizes this principle; as shown in FIG. 9, the sample chamber 4 is formed in the shape of a long and narrow container with an upward opening, and a sample inlet channel 5 communicating with a pipe is provided at the bottom of the sample chamber 4.
is formed, and a discharge passage 6 is formed above. For example, blood, which is a sample, is continuously fed through the inflow channel 5 and overflowed from the discharge channel 6, thereby making it possible to continuously supply the sample. In addition, the semipermeable membrane pressure detection mechanism includes a hollow needle-like body 7 as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
It is mainly composed of a cylindrical semipermeable membrane 8. The needle-shaped body 7 is constituted by, for example, an injection needle.

The opening at the tip is sealed with a cap 9 made of silicone rubber or the like to constitute a pressure detection chamber. A plurality of through holes 10 are bored in the outer peripheral surface of the needle-shaped body 7 to communicate with the inside thereof. A cylindrical semipermeable membrane 8 is fitted onto the outer side of the needle-like body 7, and the through hole 10 is sealed by this semipermeable membrane 8.

However, in the conventional needle volume colloid osmometer,
There are problems as described below.

(1) Since the contact area between the standard solution for m-running and the specimen is small,
It takes a long time to measure.

(2) When the semipermeable membrane 8 deteriorates and becomes unusable.

When replacing the semipermeable membrane 8, the new semipermeable membrane 8 is damaged. Even if a new semipermeable membrane 8 can be replaced without damage, this operation is extremely difficult. In the end, the entire semipermeable membrane pressure detection mechanism must be replaced.

(3) When used for a long time, the airtightness between the needle-shaped body 7 and the semipermeable membrane 8 deteriorates and becomes insufficient, or the airtightness is easily destroyed.

(4) The semipermeable membrane pressure detection mechanism has a complicated structure and is difficult to manufacture.

[Purpose of the invention]

The purpose of the present invention is to use a colloid osmometer that has a simple structure and can perform measurements in a short time.1. The objective is to provide technology that can improve reliability and operability.

The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become clear from the description of the present specification and the accompanying drawings.

[Summary of the invention]

A brief overview of typical inventions disclosed in this application is as follows.

That is, it is a colloid osmometer that is characterized by being equipped with a pressure detection chamber made of a hard semipermeable membrane filled with a measurement standard solution and a detector that detects the pressure in the pressure detection chamber. It has a structure that allows measurements to be taken in a short time, and is designed to improve reliability and operability.

[Structure of the invention]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments and drawings.

In addition, in all the figures for explaining the embodiment, parts having the same functions are given the same reference numerals, and repeated explanations thereof will be omitted.

FIGS. 1 to 6 are diagrams for explaining a colloid osmometer according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the schematic configuration of the colloid osmometer, and FIG. FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall general structure of the semipermeable membrane body, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line I-■ shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-- 5 is an enlarged view of the area surrounded by a circle M in FIG. 2, and FIG. 6 is an experimental measurement result using a conventional needle colloid osmometer and a colloid osmometer according to this embodiment. Copm constant curve diagram showing the same curve.

In Figure 1, 10 is a test tube, and the standard solution for measurement (
11 (normally physiological saline is used) or a sample 11A. 12 is a pressure testing room, mainly,
It consists of a support body 12A and a hard semipermeable membrane body 12B. The support body 12A is made of plastic, for example,
The hard semipermeable membrane 12B is made of, for example, polysulfone (pol
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, a large number of through holes 12G of a predetermined diameter are provided in the (ysulfone) material. 13 is a three-way stopcock, and 13A is its cock.

A support 12A of a hard semipermeable membrane 12B, a suction pump 14° transducer 15 are connected to each end of the three-way stopcock 13, respectively. The suction pump 14 sucks the measurement standard solution 11 into the hard semipermeable membrane 12 of the pressure detection chamber 12.
This is to ensure that B is satisfied. The transducer 15 is for converting the pressure in the pressure detection chamber 12 into an electrical signal. Reference numeral 16 denotes an amplifier for amplifying the output signal of the transducer 15.

17 is a recorder, which outputs the output signal of the amplifier 16;

That is, it is for recording and displaying the pressure in the pressure detection chamber 12. 17A is a CoP measurement curve recorded on the recorder 17. 18 is a constant temperature bath for maintaining the sample 11A at a constant temperature, and the test tube 1 containing the sample 11A is
0 can be installed removably.

Next, we will explain the operation of the colloid osmometer according to the present embodiment.
Explain using @.

First, the test tube 10 is filled with the measurement standard solution 11, and the hard semipermeable membrane 12B is inserted. In the same state, three-way stopcock 1
The cock 13A of No. 3 is opened, suction is performed using the suction pump 14, and the pressure detection chamber 12 and the three-way stopcock 13 are filled with the measurement standard solution 11. After that, the zero point and reference voltage are adjusted through the cock 13A of the three-way stopcock 13.The part of the hard semipermeable membrane 12B is taken out from the test tube 10 as it is.At this time, inside the hard semipermeable membrane 12B, Measurement standard solution 1 filled with
1, due to its surface tension, the through hole 12 closes at atmospheric pressure.
The 0th order does not leak out from C.

A specimen 11A, such as blood, is injected into a test tube 10, and a hard semipermeable membrane 12B filled with the measurement standard solution 11 is immersed therein. As a result, based on the measurement principle shown in FIG. 8 described above, the measurement standard solution 11 in the pressure chamber 2 penetrates the hard semipermeable membrane 12B and removes the solvent, such as blood, in the specimen 11A. Move in the direction of dilution. When the pressure in the test tube 10 and the pressure in the pressure detection chamber 12 reach an equilibrium state, the measurement standard solution 11 in the pressure detection chamber 12 has moved into the solvent of the sample 11A. 11 is at a lower pressure level than the solvent in the sample 11A, and the pressure difference is input to the transducer 15 as osmotic pressure. This osmotic pressure is converted into an electrical signal by the transducer 15, which is input to the amplifier 16 and amplified. 1 This amplified electrical signal is input to the recorder 17 and recorded.

Next, specific experimental results using the colloid osmometer of this example are shown in (B) and (C) of the 6th prisoner.
(A) of the figure is a conventional nail-type colloid osmometer HF (H
olow F 1ber: permeation molecular weight 50,000)
(B) and (C) are the results of an experiment using a hard semipermeable membrane osmometer with a permeation molecular weight of 30,000 (CX-30) and a permeation molecular weight (CX-10), respectively.

In this experiment, heparinized whole blood was used as the specimen 11A when the hematocrit value was 40% or less, and blood sputum was used when the hematocrit value was higher than 40%. In addition, as the measurement standard solution 11, physiological saline was used. Then, about 1.5 mQ of physiological saline, which is the measurement standard solution 11, was placed in two test tubes for the heparinized whole blood or blood sample 11A, and first, a hard semipermeable membrane was placed in the physiological saline. 12B is immersed and passed through the three-way stopcock 13A to adjust the zero point and reference pressure, then thoroughly drain the moisture from the outer surface and place it into the specimen 11A.

As a result, the crimping of both of them is recorded on the recorder 17 as shown in (B) and (C) of FIG.
As can be seen from the experimental results (B) and (C) shown in the figure,
Although the hard membrane type of this example has a smaller permeation molecular weight, the results of experiments using a conventional nail-type colloid osmometer [No.
The pressure equilibrium is reached faster than in (A) of the figure. Further, in the same hard membrane type, the permeable molecular weight CCX-30: (B)), which has a large permeable molecular weight, reaches pressure equilibrium more quickly than the permeable molecular weight 10,000 (CX-10: (C)).

Moreover, FIG. 7 is a COP measurement curve diagram showing that the rate of progress of semipermeable membrane action (membrane equilibrium action) differs depending on the membrane quality of the semipermeable membrane. In the figure, (a) is the COP in the case of a hard semipermeable membrane.
FIG. 3 is a measurement curve, and (b) is a COP measurement curve in the case of a soft semipermeable membrane. When the membrane quality of the semipermeable membrane body is made harder,
The C0Pl constant curve moves from the cop measurement curve (b) to the 90P measurement curve (a), with hard semipermeable membranes achieving differential pressure quickly, and soft semipermeable membranes taking time to obtain differential pressure. This shows that it takes That is, the hard semipermeable membrane can shorten the measurement time by ΔL compared to the soft semipermeable membrane.

This means that the pressure when equilibrium is reached due to semipermeable membrane action is
This is because the concentration is proportional to the concentration of the substance that does not pass through the semipermeable membrane, so in the case of a soft semipermeable membrane, the semipermeable membrane is moved by the substance that permeates, allowing more substances to move to reach pressure equilibrium. .

Moreover, the hard semipermeable membrane body 12B of the pressure detection chamber 12 is as follows.

Rinse the measuring device from blood, etc. and store it in physiological saline.

As can be seen from the above description, according to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) By using the hard semipermeable membrane body 12F3.

Since the contact area between the measurement standard solution 11 and the specimen 11A is increased, the measurement time can be shortened.

(2) By using the hard semipermeable membrane body 12B, the measurement time can be shortened by Δt, as can be seen from the COP measurement curves (a) and (b) shown in FIG.

(3) If the hard semipermeable membrane 12B deteriorates and becomes unusable, it can be replaced with a new hard semipermeable membrane 12B, so there is no risk of damaging the new semipermeable membrane, and the work is extremely simple and easy.

(4) When used for a long time, problems such as deterioration of airtightness of the pressure detection chamber 12 do not occur, so reliability can be improved.

(5) Since the semipermeable membrane pressure detection mechanism has a simple structure, it is easy to manufacture.

(6) Since it is only necessary to immerse the hard semipermeable membrane body 12B filled with the measurement standard solution 11 in the pressure detection chamber 12 into the specimen 11A, the operability of the @ position can be improved.

(7) By removing the pressure detection chamber 12 from the apparatus and storing it in physiological saline, its maintenance and storage can be simplified.

The present invention has been specifically explained above using examples, but
It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be modified in various ways without departing from the gist thereof.

〔effect〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) By using a hard semipermeable membrane, the contact area between the measurement standard solution and the specimen is increased, so the measurement time can be shortened.

(2) By using a hard semipermeable membrane, measurement time can be shortened.

(3) If the hard semipermeable membrane deteriorates and becomes unusable,
Since the hard semipermeable membrane can be replaced with a new one, there is no risk of damaging the new semipermeable membrane. Also.

The work is extremely simple and easy.

(4) When used for a long time, problems such as deterioration of airtightness of the pressure detection chamber do not occur, so reliability can be improved.

(5) Since the semipermeable membrane pressure detection mechanism has a simple structure, it is easy to manufacture.

(6) Since it is only necessary to immerse the hard semipermeable membrane filled with the measurement standard solution in the pressure detection chamber into the sample, the operability of the apparatus can be improved.

(7) Maintenance and storage can be simplified by removing the pressure chamber from the device and storing it in physiological saline.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 6 are diagrams for explaining a colloid osmometer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. The figure is a side view showing the general general structure of the semipermeable membrane shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 1-1 shown in FIG. 2. Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along the ■-■ cutting line shown in Figure 2;
' Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the part surrounded by a circle M in Fig. 2, and Fig. 6 is a C0P measurement curve diagram showing the measurement results of the conventional nail-type colloid osmometer and the colloid osmometer of this embodiment. . FIG. 7 is a COP measurement curve diagram showing that the rate of progress of semipermeable membrane action varies depending on the membrane quality of the semipermeable membrane. FIGS. 8 to 11 are explanatory diagrams for explaining problems with conventional nail-type colloid osmometers. In the figure, IO... test tube, 11... measurement standard solution, 1
1A...Specimen, 12...Pressure chamber, 12A...Support, 12B...Hard semipermeable membrane, 13...Three-way stopcock, 1
3A...cock, 14...suction pump, 15...
Transducer, 16...Amplifier, 17...Recorder, 18...Thermostat.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A colloid osmometer characterized by comprising a pressure detection chamber made of a hard semipermeable membrane filled with a standard solution for measurement, and a detector that detects the pressure in the pressure detection chamber.